Carpathian Basin Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Kniha byla vydána roku 2003 v Kijevě / The book was published in 2003 in Kiev.

- by Digital library Bohemia
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Paleolithic Europe, Aurignacian

The term “terramare sickles” was introduced in 1971 by Amália Mozsolics for those sickles where the angle between the tang and blade is obtuse. She also compared the sickles from the Carpathian Basin that have more than two ribs on the... more

- by Primož Pavlin
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- Typology, Italy, Bronze Age, Chronology

Kniha vyšla v Užhorodu roku 2013 / The book was published in Uzhgorod in 2013 / Книга была опубликована в 2013 г. Ужгороде.

- by Csilla FEDINEC
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- Soviet History, Minority Studies, Hungarian Studies, Central and Eastern Europe

This paper proposes a diachronic analysis of the landscape and land-use during the Late Iron Age in the eastern parts of the Carpathian Basin from the perspective of collective mobility and identity changes. The analysis focuses on the natural environment of cemeteries and settlements, as well as on the social mechanisms which determined the connections and communications of the communities from the 4th to the 2nd century BC.

- by Przemysław Dulęba
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- Celtic Archaeology, Carpathian Basin, Ancient Celtic Numismatics, Eravisci

This volume provides an insight into the current state of archaeological research
in Southeast Europe and its adjacent regions, spanning chronologically from the
Aurignacian to the beginning of the Neolithic period. In ten contributions by leading
experts in this field, specific topics in regions ranging from the Aegean Sea, the
Carpathians, and Western Anatolia to the Apennine Peninsula and Central Europe are
presented. This book represents the proceedings of an international workshop, held in
May 2014 in Tübingen as a part of the work of the Collaborative Research Centre 1070
ResourceCultures.

- by Raiko Krauß and +1
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- Prehistoric Archaeology, Southeastern Europe, Balkan prehistory, Mesolithic Europe

In: I. Moldáv‒magyar régészeti kerekasztal konferencia Kelet-Európa kora középkoráról. Kisinyov, 2015. június 10–11. Szerk. Türk, A.– Budai, D. [szerk.] - Дергачёва, Л. В.–Рабинович, Р. А. Budapest 2021, 317–346.
ПЕРВЫЙ МОЛДО-ВЕНГЕРСКИЙ АРХЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ КРУГЛЫЙ СТОЛ, ПОСВЯЩЕННЫЙ ВОПРОСАМ РАННЕГО СРЕДНЕВЕКОВЬЯ ВОСТОЧНОЙ ЕВРОПЫ Кишинёв, 10–11 июня 2015 г. Szerk. Türk, A.– Budai, D. [szerk.]–Дергачёва, Л. В.–Рабинович, Р. А. Budapest 2021, 317–346.

- by Sudár Balázs
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- Carpathian Basin

The end of the Early Bronze Age is a crucial period in terms of the issues relating to settlement strategies and settlement structure. In this paper we will focus on comparisons of the relationship between settlements and selected environmental and social parameters in two areas with different cultural traditions. The first territory studied is South-Western Slovakia occupied by Maďarovce and Transdanubian Encrusted Pottery cultures, the second area is Eastern and Middle-Southern Slovakia occupied by Otomani-Füzesabony cultural complex. The main resource for the spatial analysis implemented in geographical information systems is a database containing 257 archaeological sites. On the basis of data using statistical methods, we are able to specify various types of settlement strategies not only amongst the mentioned cultural complexes, but also between fortified and open settlements. We present a theoretical model of transformation of the Early Bronze Age civilization, which consist of radical amendment of settlement patterns due to decomposition of social relations, climate changes and migration.

- by Peter Tóth and +1
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- Prehistoric Archaeology, Settlement Patterns, Bronze Age Europe (Archaeology), Bronze Age Archaeology
- by Mariana Egri and +1
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- Celts (Archaeology), Conviviality, Carpathian Basin, Late Iron Age
- by Dieter Quast
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- Scandinavia, Byzantine Archaeology, Great Migration period, Carpathian Basin
- by Tibor Paluch and +3
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- Ancient DNA Research, Neolithisation, Carpathian Basin, Mitochrondrial DNA

The present paper wants to bring to the attention of researchers, who have as subject of study the material remains of the Iron Age communities from Transylvania, some objects kept in the collections of the Gherla History Museum (Cluj County). Therefore, in the centre of this paper are three objects-a bent sword, a slashing knife and a horse bit-that were part of the museum's permanent exhibition, but they did not attract so far the attention of any researcher. In the present state of research, no details are known regarding the date, the exact location and the context of discovery. The Register of Inventory only records the fact that the pieces were discovered in the area of the city of Gherla. The biggest concern about these objects is whether they were discovered together or are coming from two or three different contexts.

- by Alin Henț
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Celtic Studies, Identity (Culture)
- by Victor Sava and +2
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Romanian History, Metallurgy

The division between the dimensional groups of blade weapons is conditional and, probably, the boundary between them can vary from one epoch to another. The analysis of variation series of such features as “total length” and “blade length” showed the heterogeneity of the sample (more than 800 ex.) and the existence of several functional standards. Five groups were distinguished: daggers (with a blade length of up to 21 cm), short swords (21-37 cm), average swords (38-53 cm), long swords (54-75 cm) and extra-long swords (with a blade length in excess of 75 cm). Mapping of spearheads and axes also made it possible to reveal some regularities. It became obvious that it is possible to build a typological grouping of regions on the basis of the contents of weaponry and move from small cultural groups to cultural blocks, enclaves, communities of people who preferred similar types of weapons. The counting of the degree of similarity by the method of classification by unequal features was demonstrated by several such enclaves: “Carpathian” one, where the greatest degree of similarity was manifested between Western Podolian, Transylvanian and Moldavian groups. The main types for this enclave are a dagger or a short sword and an axe. The next, “Steppe” block includes the Lower Danube, Lower Dniester, South Carpathian and South Danubian groups, in which the spearheads and average or long swords are widely distributed. The third, “Western” block united the Hungarian and Polish groups, for which the axes and spearheads are more characteristic.

The 2016 revision excavation of tumulus IV in the Kaptol-Čemernica cemetery in the Požega Valley resulted in new insights into this very important monument. It was established that, rather than containing five graves (with the largest of them square in shape, belonging to a high-ranking warrior), the tumulus contained a monumental wooden burial chamber holding two wooden boxes, and a ritual corridor (dromos) extending to the south. The material found in the grave originates from various sources. The Greco-Illyrian helmet and greaves were produced by Greek workshops, while the horse gear is associated to the Carpathian Basin, and the axe to the southern Pannonian region, or southeastern Alps. The multi-headed pins and pottery generally belong to the Eastern Hallstatt Circle, while belts of the Libna type can be associated with the Lower Carniola. The discovered material originates from various periods. While the axe and horse gear belong to the very beginning of the Hallstatt period, the Libna-type belt and multi-headed pins are later, and the most recent objects found in the grave-the Greco-Illyrian helmet and greaves-belong to the second half or the end of the 7 th c. BC. Even though the small number of new finds has not considerably modified the grave inventory, it has allowed its new interpretation.

- by Istvan Koncz and +1
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- Early Medieval Archaeology, Langobards, Carpathian Basin, Gepids
- by Joanna Zagórska-Telega
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- Roman Period, Carpathian Basin, Przeworsk culture, Graveyards
- by Katarina Botić
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- Archaeology, Neolithic Archaeology, Freshwater Ecology, Soil Chemistry

With the exception of the well known Mesolithic sites in the Danube Gorges (or the Iron Gates), the wider areas of the Central Balkans and southern fringes of the Great Pannonian Plain still represent a terra incognita when it comes to the presence of Mesolithic communities. The absence of Mesolithic sites in the region was associated with environmental changes in the Early Holocene, presumed low human population densities, limited possibilities of detection, or the lack of adequate research. However, valuable insights into the obscure regional Mesolithic can be gained not only by new archaeological excavations, but also by revisiting and reanalysing of existing archaeological collections. Particularly informative in this respect are the Early Neolithic sites, indicative of the extensive spread of farming communities from c. 6200 cal BC. Within the ERC Project BIRTH, a large sample of human and animal remains from these sites was dated, falling in the (expected) range between c. 6200‒5300 cal BC. However, one human and several animal bone samples from the sites of Magareći mlin, Gospođinci-Nove zemlje and Grabovac-Đurića vinogradi were dated to the 8th millennium cal BC, providing the first radiocarbon evidence of Early Holocene sequences in the territory of Serbia other than the Danube Gorges. In this paper, we present the new radiocarbon dates, discuss the contextual provenance of dated bones, and explore the implications of these results for a better understanding of the problem of the “missing” and “invisible” Mesolithic in the region.

- by Ivana Živaljević and +9
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- Mesolithic Archaeology, Mesolithic Europe, Mesolithic, Carpathian Basin

The present paper challenges the previously held view, that warfare is the domain of men. Looking at funerary inventories of the earlier Bronze Age of the Eastern Carpathian Basin of anthropologically identified women interments, the regional embodiments of a female personhood are sought. Jewellery, pottery sets or their lack, weapons/tools of the deceased and the variety of their materials all play a role in negotiating identities of the living. Moreover, the funerary context engages the individuals in a constant re-remembering, hence actively re-negotiating social standing, meaning of embodiments and ultimately identities. Social-ranking based on funerary inventories and the recognition of embodiments of a female engendered warriorhood allows for the reinterpretation of warfare in practice. As bellicose women are recognised the constitution of society from the misty southeastern Europe is further elucidated.

Studie byla publikována v roce 1967 v časopise ,,Slovenská archeologie" / The study was published in 1967 in the journal ,,Slovak archeology".

A rescue excavation was carried out in 2013 close to the village Megyaszó, with some new finds that can enrich the Tumulus
culture research. At the excavated area, 10 cremation burials and a feature belonging to some kind of funerary practice were discovered.
Furthermore, four pits and a small part of a ditch were unearthed as well. The features found at the field suggest that a new, partially
explored cemetery and a fairly excavated settlement could have been found. The following article is based on my bachelor degree thesis
from 2015.
Late Bronze Age, Tumulus culture, cremation burials, settlement, North-eastern Hungary

- by Kósa Polett
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- Late Bronze Age archaeology, Bronze Age (Archaeology), Burials, Cremation

Few parts of Europe witnessed so many population shifts in a few centuries as the Carpathian Basin in 400–900 CE. In this macro-region along the middle Danube, Pannonians, Romans, Goths, Gepids, Longobards, Avars, Bulgars, Slavs, Franks and many others came and went. This is an intriguing test case for the relationship between ethnic identities constructed in texts, cultural habitus attested in the archaeological record, and genetic profiles that can now be analysed through ancient DNA. What was the impact of migrations and mobility on the population of the East-Central-Europe? Was the late antique population replaced, did it mix with the newcomers, or did its descendants only adopt new cultural styles? To what degree did biological distinctions correspond to the cultural boundaries and/or ethnonyms in the texts? If pursued with methodological caution, this case study will have implications beyond the field. HistoGenes will analyse c. 6,000 samples from graves with cutting edge scie...

- by Walter Pohl
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- Early Medieval Archaeology, Ancient DNA (Archaeology), Carpathian Basin, Isotopes
- by Géza Szabó and +1
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- Iron Age, Arms and Armour, Carpathian Basin, History of Eurasian Steppe

This paper focuses on the comparative analysis of the beads known from the sites of the Sarmatian Age in the Crimean sub-mountainous area and the Great Hungarian Plain. We selected the most characteristic types of these decorations used in both regions; shortly characterized the distribution of beads made of different materials; displayed traditions of bead usage in the costume, specific and common for the Crimea and Hungarian Plain. As a result of the examination, we assumed that beads were the most numerous finds in the burials of the
two regions. Both in the Crimea and Hungary, the number of beads is much higher than in the Sarmatian assemblages of the Eurasian steppe. They are typically found in female and child graves and come to light in male burials only sporadically. Beads were used not only as parts
of necklaces and bracelets but also for embroidering the clothes and shoes. We could trace some common tendencies in the composition of the sets used by the women of both regions for decorating their costumes. In all probability, this points to contacts between the population of the Crimean sub-mountainous area and Carpathian Basin in the Roman Age.

- by Anastasiya Stoyanova and +1
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- Costume and Identity, Sarmatians, Carpathian Basin, Black Sea ancient history and archaeology

késő császárkorból és kora népvándorlás korból származó lószerszámokat általában
csak egy adott lelőhely publikálásánál ismertetik, illetve korszakolják. Érdemes azonban
ezeket a tárgyakat együtt elemezni, mivel sok mindent elárulhatnak az összehasonlítás során. Az
analógiáik felkutatásával bizonyossá válhat, mely területeken keresztül érkeztek a leletek a Kárpát-
medencébe, illetve milyen hatások érhették őket. Feltűnő, hogy a tárgytípusok zöme keleti
területekről származtatható. Az analógiák alapos vizsgálata fontos lehet a népek vándorlásának,
a kereskedelemnek és az egymásra hatásnak az alaposabb megismeréséhez.

- by Réka Piros
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- Archaeology, Late Antiquity, Carpathian Basin, Völkerwanderungszeit

The Stefkowa hoard and its connections with the upper Tisa basin. The
specific nature and connections of the Stefkowa hoard (SE Poland), originating from the Middle Bronze Age, have long been noticed by Polish archaeologists. The “imported” character of the assemblage has also been indicated many times by Professor Blajer. In this paper author reassesses the typology and chronology of the finds from Stefkowa and their counterparts (e.g. Nyíregyháza-Bujtos II, or Mali Heivtsi I hoards), especially the battle-axes with a disc on the butt, and analyses remote connections reflected by these bronzes. The hoards from Stefkowa and Mali Heivtsi I probably mark the easternmost flank of a communication route which led from the upper Tisa basin in two directions: to the west through northern Hungary and Slovakia, Moravia, and the Bohemian Basin and next along the Elbe River to the North Sea, and to the north, to the upper Vistula basin (San) and next along the Vistula to the Baltic coasts.

- by Josyp V . Kobal'
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- Middle Bronze Age, Hoards, Carpathian Basin, long distance contacts (Bronze Age)

Twenty-two Late-Copper-Age decorated cross-footed bowls from the Trieste Karst (north-eastern Italy) and the Deschmann's pile dwellings (Ljubljansko barje, Slovenia), recently investigated using X-ray computed microtomography (microCT), have been studied and chemically analysed using non-destructive prompt gamma activation analysis (PGAA). The main aim of our research was to determine whether the cross-footed bowls found in the Trieste Karst were locally produced or if they might have been imported from central Slovenia or even from more distant regions. The PGAA results, combined with the microCT ones, have shown that only 1 bowl from the Karst might have been imported from Ljubljansko barje, while other 4 Karst vessels were most probably imported but not from central Slovenia. In more detail, K2O contents, higher than values reported from local Karst and Slovenian soils, have been recorded in two of these Italian bowls. The Karst bowls represent, according to their morphology and rich ornamentation manly consisting of cord impressions, a special variant of cross-footed bowls with relevant typological comparisons in the Carpathian basin (Hungary, Slovakia and the Czech Republic). A possible central European origin of some Karst bowls would be in agreement with high K2O soil contents in some areas of the Czech Republic. Cross-footed bowls from the Trieste Karst might be considered as evidence of long distance connections, movements of ideas, artefacts and/or even movements of people, triggered by large-scale migrations from the north Pontic steppe region to central Europe, revealed by recent genetic studies.

- by Elena Leghissa
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- Archaeology, Pottery, Carpathian Basin, microCT

Prior to the establishment of contemporary linguistic science nad archaeology, historians only used written sources and were not interested in linguistic interactions, whereas archaeological material had not yet been discovered. The situation changed in the mid-19th century when the studies on comparative and historical linguistics and archaeology broke new ground in Hungary. Since the early 20th century, the theory suggested by Hungarian turkologists concerning the interactions between the Ancient Turkic and Ancient Hungarian languages has had a decisive influence on historical concepts. The influence has remained until the present day. Historians and archaeologists do their best to consider the results of linguistic studies. The most important questions in terms of linguistic contacts are "where?" and "when?" The two major theories which formed in the 20th century were as follows: 1. The Middle Volga region, 7th-9th centuries, 2. Cis-Caucasia and Cis-Kuban, 5th-8th centuries. Later, these theories were further supplemented by the western outskirts of Khazar Khaganate. At the same time, the newest concept features alternative options, e.g. from Cis-Cuban to Carpathian Basin. However, the concept does not include the Middle Volga region as a possible location of linguistic interctions. The results of new archaeological studies suggest that the Hungarians populated the Middle Volga region until the second half of the 9th century, and presumably settled in the territory between the contemporary Samara and Orenburg. Then, they eventually migrated to the region between the Donets and the Southern Bug in the 9th century (or as early as the 8th). This conclusion has been confirmed by the chronology and typology of findings, as well as written sources. The report focuses on the following mahor issues of linguistic interactions: 1. The area of Turkic languages (dialects) in Eastern Europe in the 6th-9th centuries, 2. The dynamics of these linguistic contacts between the Ancient Turkic and Ancient Hungarian languages.

- by Kiss Andrea
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- History, European History, Earth Sciences, Environmental Science

The main goal of this study is to analyse and compare from the chronological, typological and contextual point of view the published glass vessels from La Tène contexts discovered in the middle Mureș valley. Archaeological studies have shown that glass vessels were discovered so far only in contexts related with the Dacian horizon. In archaeological literature, glass vessels discovered in “barbarian” contexts are considered luxury wares. Some studies concerning the La Tène sites from the middle Mureș Valley have shown the presence of several types and functional categories of glass vessels in settlements and fortresses belonging to the Dacian horizon. The vessels were usually found within or outside the fortresses, on inhabited terraces, within or nearby workshops, dwellings, tower-houses, pits and ritual contexts. Starting from a database, the present study aims to synthesize and discuss the archaeological material based on functional categories, types, chronological intervals, contexts of use, origin and patterns of consumption.

Bronze cauldrons of the Scythian time are a rather rare find in the Northern Black Sea region, especially on its western borders. Scythian bronze cauldrons in the west area are concentrated in three main regions: Bukovina Podolia (Iacobeni, Avrămeni, Ivane-Puste, Shvaikivtsy), the Lower Dniester (Răscăieții Noi, Nikolskoe, Dubăsari, Cioburciu), and the Lower Danube (Ograda, Castelu, Scorțaru Vechi, Mresnota Mogyla, Ostrivne). Some Scythian cauldrons have no reliable archaeological context. Nevertheless, in combination with the same “stray” finds like the Scythian statues, the finds of Scythian cauldrons mark the Scythian presence, most likely, not earlier than the late 6th century or even the turn of the 6th-5th centuries BC. There is a significant chronological difference between the northern (forest-steppe, Bukovina-Podolia) group of cauldrons and the southern (steppe, Lower Danube-Lower Dniester). At the same time, a chronological priority is characteristic of the first, where the cauldrons are known since the middle of the 7th century BC. Bronze cauldrons (with their carriers) penetrate the steppe region 150-200 years later, as well as the “military” burials that appear in the western steppe regions no earlier than the middle of the 5th century BC. Most of the burials with cauldrons (and, apparently, the stray finds) are dated back to the second half of the 5th century BC. Then, at the early 4th century BC their quantity is reduced and after the first quarter of the 4th century BC, they will completely disappear from the cultural practice of the population of the steppes of the North-Western Black Sea region.

The hoard was discovered in 2010 on the southern slope of the hill of Gradišče. It is composed of two tanged sickles. Comparable sickles are found almost exclusively in Ha B1 hoards. The sites where most of these hoards were discovered are widespread in the area between northeastern Italy and the Danube.
The article also presents the typology, chronology, and distribution of tanged sickles with two ribs on the unperforated tang, where the inner rib fluidly passes into the blade rib and the outer rib into the dorsal rib.

- by Primož Pavlin
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- Typology, Chronology, Hoards, Carpathian Basin
- by Pavel Sankot
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- Iron Age Gaul (Archaeology), Bohemia, Celtic Art, Carpathian Basin

Settlement features of the Middle Copper age Balaton–Lasinja
culture were uncovered over a 2 hectares large area in the site’s middle and southern part. Lying among the scattered storage pits and workshop pits was a house with a bedding trench in the
middle part of the settlement. In addition to the ground plan and the field observations, the structure of the building and its various elements can be interpreted using analogies drawn from folk architecture. We also used computer graphics, i.e.
virtual 3D depictions for the reconstructions.

- by Reti Muszak and +1
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- Neolithic & Chalcolithic Archaeology, Carpathian Basin, 3D Computer Vision