Civil liability Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In the wake of the financial crisis a new wave of litigation looms. This paper presents an " aloof " analysis of legal arguments involved in securitisation cases. First, it identifies the relevant facts. Second, it focuses on key legal liability elements for fraudulent/negligent statements in securitisation litigation. In so doing, it identifies the aspects where public debate and legal argument differ, and where they concur; and it takes a broad view on the implications of tipping the balance one way or the other. It is concluded that the current wave of litigation has consequences for the long-term future of the financial industry.

- by
- •
- Civil Litigation, Financial Markets, Financial Crisis, Damages law
- by Susana Navas
- •
- Artificial Intelligence, Civil liability, Products Liability, Torts and Damages

The development of Italian civil liability rules since the 1865 Civil Code to the present day is clearly marked by the influence of foreign models. This article tries to detect these foreign influences, starting from those of the French Code Napoléon on the 1865 Civil Code, moving on to those of Pandectist legal thinking on the 1942 Civil Code, and ending with the influences of the common law experiences and European legislation on some sectors of Italian tort law. The final results of this research is a much more complicated and nuanced picture than what is expected, as the Italian system has not only been a passive receptacle of ideas developed in other countries, but has also been able, throughout its history, to mould those foreign ideas with original concepts, so creating an original system, largely independent from its sources of inspiration.

- by Nadia Coggiola
- •
- History of Italian Law, Italian Law, Law of Torts, Civil liability

It is not enough for conventional rules on traditional consumer protection to regulate remote contractual relations or online shopping. In the diversity and wide geographic environment of the global market through the Internet it can't provide adequate protection for the e-consumer. Most global legislations have intervened to amend the legal texts to be consistent with this development. The new rules have provided protection for the consumer in the pre-contractual stage through protection from misleading advertising and promotion of goods and services, as well as providing adequate information to the consumer about the product and the terms of the contract.

- by Anwar Tawil
- •
- Civil Law, Private law, Consumer Protection (Law), Marketing (Electronic Commerce)
- by Nikoleta Radionov Karlović
- •
- Insurance Law, Insurance, Civil liability

RESUMO: As fake news assumiram papel de destaque nos últimos anos, sendo capazes, inclusive, de afetar o resultado das eleições. O Marco Civil da Internet (Lei n. 12.965/14) que regula o uso da internet no Brasil tem se demonstrado ineficaz para coibir tal prática ilícita, sendo razoável que o Brasil siga o bom exemplo de países que têm debates e legislações mais avançadas sobre o tema como é o caso, por exemplo, da Alemanha e da França, editando uma Lei específica para tratar sobre fake news e conteúdos envolvendo discurso de ódio. ABSTRACT: The Fake news have played a prominent role in recent years, and have been accomplished to affect the outcome of the elections. The Brazilian Internet Law (Federal Law N. 12.965/14), which regulates the use of the Internet in Brazil, has proved ineffective in curbing such an illegal practice, and it is reasonable for Brazil to follow the good example of countries that have debates and more advanced legislation on such subject matter, for example, Germany and France, editing a specific law about fake news and content involving hate speech.

- by La Biblioteca Giuridica and +2
- •
- Football (soccer), Economics of Football (soccer), Private International Law, Comparative Private Law
- by Işık Önay and +2
- •
- Tax Law, Labour Law, Regulation, Law of Unfair Competition

This paper analyzes which liability may arise from the publication of a retweet, if at all. (...) Сборникът съдържа статии от международна научна конференция в памет на доц. д-р Кристиан Таков (1965–2017), организирана от катедра... more

- by Albert Ruda Gonzalez
- •
- Twitter, Torts, Defamation Law, Tort Law

L’esperienza concreta mostra come le imprese farmaceutiche, nel frammentato panorama europeo dei regimi di fissazione dei prezzi e di rimborso dei medicinali, riescano a praticare, per i farmaci orfani, dei prezzi molto piu` alti rispetto ai farmaci comuni. Il fatto che tali prezzi siano determinati in modo sostanzialmente indipendente dai criteri ordinari di fissazione dei prezzi dei medicinali ha indotto in dottrina a ritenere che possano sussistere gli estremi di un abuso di posizione dominante, sotto forma di applicazione di prezzi “eccessivi” ai sensi dell’art. 102, lett. a), TFUE.
Il presente lavoro si propone di sviluppare tale intuizione di partenza, assumendo l’ipotesi che la normativa antitrust europea possa contribuire a ridurre il livello dei prezzi dei medicinali considerati, nel tentativo di bilanciare l’interesse sociale a che le imprese farmaceutiche abbiano sufficienti incentivi a sviluppare farmaci anche per patologie rare con l’interesse, altrettanto generale, a che i prezzi di questi medicinali siano sostenibili per i SSN.

- by Andrea Parziale
- •
- Competition Law, Tort Law, Health Law and Policy, Civil liability

El presente artículo, luego de exponer brevemente el rol de la calificación
crediticia en los mercados financieros, brinda una primera panorámica
sobre la normativa delineada por el legislador europeo, en particular sobre aquellas
normas relativas al tema de la responsabilidad civil de las agencias en caso
de difusión de una calificación crediticia errónea, y pone al descubierto algunas
de sus deficiencias.

- by Carlotta Rinaldo
- •
- European Law, Civil liability, Credit Rating Agencies, Law of Financial Markets

O dano existencial tem ganhado notavel destaque entre os juristas. Para o direito italiano, o dano existencial e uma modalidade de dano autonomo, caracterizado pela ofensa ao projeto de vida e ao complexo de relacoes. Para o direito brasileiro, ele foi recepcionado como uma modalidade de dano extrapatrimonial, diversa do dano moral, e, no âmbito trabalhista, repercute nas relacoes de trabalho. O presente trabalho visa estudar as origens do dano existencial e sua configuracao como violacao dos direitos fundamentais no âmbito do direito do trabalho. Como abordagem metodologica, foi realizada pesquisa bibliografica e jurisprudencial. Para tanto, a pesquisa traca as origens do dano no direito italiano e a sua recepcao no direito brasileiro, alem de abordar a sua fundamentacao como dano imaterial que afronta os direitos fundamentais constitucionalmente previstos, a culminar na analise dos precedentes do Tribunal Superior do Trabalho dos anos de 2015 a 2018 sobre a caracterizacao de dano ...

- by Bruna Casimiro Siciliani
- •
- Labour Law, Civil liability

This paper reviews the current Corona virus situation, then examines the legal definitions of negligence and fiduciary duty in an attempt to determine whether closing a university because of health concerns over the Corona virus might... more

- by Robert McGee
- •
- Economics, Ethics, Applied Ethics, Education
- by RICARDO DAL PIZZOL
- •
- Private law, Law of Torts, Responsabilidade Civil, Civil liability

There are several legal impacts of testing and reporting which are the main services offered by the laboratory operators.
The major impact juridically is the fact that a “laboratory error” may lead to the liability of the operator of the laboratory.
The liability under Private Law is denoted as the fact that the operator of the laboratory shall be obliged to pay compensation. The impairments resulted due to bad testing or misinformation should be compensated by the operator of laboratory.
The legal basis for compensation and liability can either be a contract concluded in between the operator of the laboratory and the acceptor, or they can be grounded by tortuous act or grounded under the principle of liability based on Reliance from the point of noncontractual third parties.
Whatever the legal reason behind the liability is, the operator of the laboratory shall be obliged to compensate the impairments resulted due to misinformation. The crucial criteria in regard to the scope of the impairment and compensation is the criteria stating “the impairment which would not be resulted if the information was correct”. The laboratory operator shall compensate the diminution in wealth which would not be resulted if he had given the correct information, however was resulted due to misinformation. As well as the “actual impairments” can be included in the scope of this, the “loss of earnings” and other financial losses can also be covered having regard to the case.

- by Zekeriya Kursat
- •
- Medical Law, Contract Law, Medical liability, Civil liability
- by Sarath Simbu
- •
- Civil Law, Obligation, Civil liability, Tort Liability

INTRODUCTION: The dentist's liability can be understood as the criminal, civil, ethical and administrative obligation that they have in their professional exercise. Thus, when producing a harmful result to the patient, due to imprudence, ineptitude or recklessness, the dentists will be liable to the foreseen penalties on the Civil Code, where the compensation will be obligatory to satisfy the damage according to the reached consequence. In these types of processes, the involved parts will be able to contract a technical assistant to supply the respective lawyers about biological, technician and professional knowledge. AIM: This paper aim to report about the technical assistant's importance, in the performance of each one of the involved parts in a civil process. CONCLUSION: It is necessary a major knowledge, by dentists, about legal and ethical aspects in the professional activity.

- by melany santana
- •
- Dentistry, Civil liability
- by Alexander Suykens
- •
- Corporate Law, Director, Insolvency Law, Board of Directors

L’Autore, dopo una breve introduzione, offre una panoramica dei principali sviluppi giurisprudenziali e dottrinali che hanno interessato, dal 2008 al 2018, l’art. 2050 c.c. (responsabilità per l’esercizio di attività pericolosa). Dapprima, si analizzano, in particolare, la nozione di attività pericolosa e la prova liberatoria prevista dalla disposizione in esame. Dopodiché, il contributo ripercorre sinteticamente la casistica giurisprudenziale che si è sviluppata nell’ultimo decennio, al fine di orientare l’interprete tra le applicazioni più diffuse della norma.

- by Andrea Parziale
- •
- Private law, Personal Injury Law, Tort Law, Damages law

Fruto das pesquisas desenvolvidas pelo autor durante o curso de mestrado em Direito Civil junto à Faculdade de Direito da Universidade de São Paulo no Largo de São Francisco, sob a orientação do Professor Doutor Marco Fábio Morsello, a obra nos permite refletir sobre os acertos e desacertos deste caminhar e, longe de buscar uma uniformização dos direitos nacionais, possibilita conhecer as diferenças entre os modelos jurídicos adotados por cada sistema, com riqueza de dados e detalhes provenientes do Master of Comparative Law concluído junto à Cumberland Law Of School, na Stanford University, sob orientação do Professor Michael D. Floyd.

- by RICARDO DAL PIZZOL
- •
- Private law, Law of Torts, Responsabilidade Civil, Civil liability

The article critically analyses the Internet of Things (IoT) and its intersection with cloud computing, the so-called Clouds of Things (CoT). ‘Things’ are understood as any physical entity capable of connectivity that has a direct interface to the physical world (i.e. a sensing and/or actuating capability). From another perspective (especially product liability), Things can be seen as an inextricable mixture of hardware, software, and services. Alongside a clarification of the essentials, the six factors of the CoT complexity are described and light is shed on the regulatory options (regulation, co-regulation, self-regulation, holistic approach, fragmentation). Focussing on the British legal systems, the article reports on the state of the art of CoT deployment in the United Kingdom and deals with some of the main technical and legal issues emerging from CoT. Particularly, the core will be data protection, privacy, and consumer law. Indeed, these themes are considered the most relev...

- by Guido Noto La Diega
- •
- Business, Comparative Law, Contracts, Cyberlaw
- by Prue Vines
- •
- Civil liability

Ante las dificultades probatorias del nexo causal en supuestos de responsabilidad civil o patrimonial el Derecho obliga a que el peso de la incertidumbre recaiga en su conjunto sobre uno solo de los sujetos implicados: sobre el agente (posiblemente) dañoso, cuando el juzgador rebaja el estándar ordinario de prueba para afirmar un nexo causal dudoso y ordena la reparación total del daño padecido; o sobre la víctima, cuando el órgano judicial mantiene ese estándar ordinario y niega el nexo causal y con ello la responsabilidad. Es el principio del " todo o nada ". La teoría de la pérdida de oportunidad o " chance " altera este planteamiento, pues distribuye el peso de la incertidumbre causal entre las dos partes implicadas: el agente responde sólo en proporción a la probabilidad de que fuera autor del menoscabo; y, correlativamente, la víctima obtiene una reparación acomodada a la probabilidad de no haber padecido el daño de no haber mediado el hecho lesivo. De este modo se brinda una solución equilibrada que pretende adaptarse a una sensibilidad justicial a la que repugna la liberación del agente (posiblemente) dañoso por las dificultades probatorias, pero también que se le conmine a reparar la totalidad de un daño que pudo no haber causado. La profesora de filosofía del derecho Marina Gascón Abellán y el profesor de derecho administrativo Luis Medina Alcoz debaten en torno al fundamento de esta solución, empleada cada vez con más frecuencia (pero con poco rigor) por nuestros jueces y tribunales. La primera acude a la teoría de la prueba y el segundo a la teoría de la causalidad. Para la primera la doctrina de la pérdida de oportunidad no entraña ningún cambio significativo en los planteamientos causales tradicionales; para justificarla basta asumir que el conocimiento judicial de los hechos debe basarse en juicios razonados de probabilidad y acudir a la figura de la presunción iuris tantum del nexo causal. Para el segundo esa doctrina implica una corrección parcial de los planteamientos causales tradicionales traducida en una complicación de los sistemas de imputación causal; junto al " todo o nada " basado en la afirmación o negación vínculo etiológico opera el " ni todo ni nada " basado en la afirmación de causalidades solamente posibles. Palabras clave: Responsabilidad por daños; causalidad; responsabilidad patrimonial de la Administración; responsabilidad proporcional; teoría de la pérdida de oportunidad; causalidad; prueba; incertidumbre; causalidad probabilística.

- by Marina Gascón Abellán
- •
- Causation, Evidence, Proof and Reasoning, Law of Torts

This article considers the Automated and Electric Vehicles Act 2018's insurer liability model. Comparing the position in Scotland with that in England and Wales, it analyses the private law obligations imposed on insurers by the Act in their doctrinal context. It argues that the Act’s two-stage hybrid liability model destabilises the traditional boundaries between delict/tort and contract. Detailing the operation of the framework for insurer recoveries under s 5, it contends that the Act creates novel grounds of action that fly in the face of long-established legal principle that will likely cause needless and intractable disputes. Specifically, in areas relating to time bar, res judicata and illiquid debts. By operation of the law in both jurisdictions governing compensation and unjustified enrichment, many of these provisions are redundant. Consequently, the Act ought to and can readily be amended to resolve these issues.

- by Felix Boon
- •
- Contract Law, Insurance Law, Tort Law, Product liability

Künstliche Intelligenz (KI), basierend vor allem auf Techniken maschinellen Lernens, wird in einer zunehmenden Anzahl von Wirtschaftsbereichen eingesetzt. Dabei stellen sich unausweichlich auch Haftungsfragen. Regelmäßig müssen dabei die Aktivität oder der interne Zustand eines KI-Agenten, zum Beispiel eines Roboters, einem Haftungssubjekt zugerechnet werden. Dieser Beitrag analysiert, ausgehend von der Dogmatik der Verhaltens- und Wissenszurechnung im deutschen Privatrecht, drei zentrale Probleme in diesem Schnittbereich: (i) die mögliche Parallelisierung von KI-Agenten mit menschlichen Akteuren angesichts wachsender maschineller Autonomie; (ii) die Frage des Verschuldens von KI-Agenten; und schließlich (iii) die Zurechenbarkeit von implizitem maschinellem Wissen. Dabei werden aus einer Analyse der jeweils relevanten Risiken Grundsätze für den Umgang mit KI-Agenten entwickelt, die auf Grundlage des geltenden Rechts umgesetzt werden können.

U radu se razmatraju pravni odnosi koji nastaju u sluËaju sudara dvaju (ili viπe) vozila u vlasniπtvu istog leasing druπtva (sluËaj leasing-leasing). Prema uvrijeaeenoj praksi na domaÊem traeiπtu osiguranja, u takvim sluËajevima dolazi do iskljuËenja iz osiguranja πteta na vozilu temeljem osiguranja automobilske odgovor-nosti (AO), s obzirom na to da su vozila u vlasniπtvu istog leasing druπtva koje je i jedini osiguranik po policama AO oba (ili viπe) vozila sudionika nezgode. Primatelj leasinga u takvim sluËajevima pojavljuje se samo kao ugovaratelj osiguranja AO, tj. kao osoba koja podnosi fi nancijski teret sklapanja ugovora o osiguranju AO, no bez prava po toj polici u sluËaju leasing-leasing. Naime, osiguranje AO jest osiguranje odgovornosti prema treÊima; prema takvom tumaËenju, osiguranik po svim policama AO-a u sluËaju leasing-leasing jest iskljuËivo leasing druπtvo te nedostaje treÊa oπteÊena osoba, a time i osnova za pokriÊe πtete temeljem AO-a. Iako zakonski i ugovorni nositelj odgovornosti za πtetu i time osiguranog rizika, primatelj leasinga ostaje u cijelosti bez osigurateljne zaπtite, usprkos Ëinjenici da je uredno sklopio policu osiguranja AO. U radu se analiziraju postojeÊe, kao i derogirane, odredbe pravnih propisa relevantnih za razumijevanje te problematike i daje kritika postojeÊeg tumaËenja pravnih odnosa u sluËaju leasing-leasing te prijedlozi za poboljπanje takve (nepraviËne) prakse. KljuËne rijeËi: leasing-leasing, osiguranje automobilske odgovornosti, AO, kasko osiguranje, sudar vozila u leasingu, korisnik vozila

- by Adriana Vincenca Padovan and +1
- •
- Insurance Law, Insurance, Civil liability
- by Gianluca Cascella
- •
- Civil liability

This Article seeks to ascertain whether the current liability regimes are fit for the new digital environment and to envisage possible measures to face the new reality. To this end, it first reconstructs the current liability framework, which at European level is quite fragmented and only partially harmonised and analyses the feature of EDTs to illustrate how they challenge the current legal landscape, to the point of questioning traditional liability notions. Second, it surveys the EU institutions’ position on these challenges and focuses the findings of the Report on Liability for AI and emerging digital technologies, as it provides a valid starting point for discussing any adjustments that may be needed. Finally, it highlights the need of a multi-faced approach to tackle the ever-changing issues raised by EDTs through an overview of the most viable options to complement liability rules, also from an ex-ante perspective.

- by Maria Lillà Montagnani
- •
- Business, Artificial Intelligence, Emergency Management, Civil liability
- by Luigi Buonanno
- •
- Civil liability, Blockchains, Blockchain Technologies

Harm and loss in the French law of civil liability after the Projet de réforme of March 2017. Pure economic losses and pure non-economic losses (wrongful life and wrongful death). Punitive damages. Vindicatory damages. Functions of civil... more

- by Pietro Sirena
- •
- Comparative Law, Comparative Private Law, Law of Obligations, French Law

Il saggio esamina struttura e funzione della clausola cd. claims made and reported, valutando le principali criticità del relativo trapianto nell'ordinamento interno, avuto particolare riguardo alla compatibilità della previsione con la... more

- by Massimo Mazzola
- •
- Responsabilità Civile, Insurance, Diritto Civile, Civil liability

Plano do curso "Tópicos Especiais de Direito Civil: Controvérsias atuais em responsabilidade civil", disciplina eletiva oferecida para o curso de Mestrado e Doutorado em Direito Civil da Faculdade de Direito da Universidade do Estado do... more

- by Eduardo Nunes de Souza
- •
- Torts, Law of Torts, Direito Civil, Responsabilità Civile

Gli autori prendono le mosse dalla risoluzione del Parlamento Europeo dal titolo «Norme di diritto civile sulla robotica. Risoluzione del Parlamento europeo del 16 febbraio 2017 recante raccomandazioni alla Commissione concernenti norme di diritto civile sulla robotica (2015/2103(INL))» per constatare come la prima presa di posizione forte di un’autorità europea sulla necessità di introdurre norme efficaci in tema di robot ed intelligenza artificiale metta in luce tutte le contraddizioni di carattere giuridico, etico ed economico relative all’introduzione massiccia di tali tecnologie nella vita di tutti i giorni.

- by Antonio Furlanetto
- •
- Robotics, Artificial Intelligence, Risk Management, Law and Ethics

Abstract
In the context of a financial and housing crisis, accompanied by credit constraints, a new alternative has recently emerged for those wanting to invest in real estate markets: real estate crowdfunding. Crowdfunding, which was originally intended to fund social projects through donations or loans from a large pool of individuals via Internet platforms, has developed into a more sophisticated method of financing. This is the case of real estate crowdfunding, a type of equity crowdfunding that aims to make housing investment available to retail investors, although several hazards have been detected that make these investments less secure. This paper addresses these hazards, analyses the information provided by five Spanish crowdfunding platforms to retail investors and determines whether or not real estate crowdfunding platforms in Spain, as a sharing economy mechanism, are making a contribution to the development of the housing market.

- by Rosa Maria Garcia-Teruel
- •
- Real Estate, Consumers Rights, Housing, P2P

Disasters such as the Rana Plaza factory collapse in 2013 have raised legal questions in respect of the role and responsibility of multinational corporations in respect of their supply chains. This book addresses these questions by focusing on the extent of legal responsibility and liability for corporate social responsibility (“CSR”) violations in the supply chains of MNCs in the Netherlands, England and California (United States). It provides an overview of the legal measures a limited number of participating multinationals take in practice, in order to govern their supply chains in terms of CSR. It qualifies these instruments in terms of private law. Moreover, it discusses to what extent multinational corporations can be held liable for CSR violations in their supply chains on a number of legal bases. In identifying the measures that the participating MNCs have taken to govern their supply chain, this research provides valuable insights into those companies that aim to improve the CSR performance in their supply chains and take measures accordingly. Furthermore, it answers the crucial question of what legal impact these measures may have for MNCs, if those measures are not lived up to in practice.

- by Louise Vytopil
- •
- Business, Contracts, Supply Chain Management, Contract Law

In the context of the 4th industrial revolution, technological development shapes to a great extent human relations and to a lesser extent legal relationships. This is the case when it comes to private law relationships. To the extent that these developments give rise to liabilities, the assignment of such liabilities within the framework of the use of artificial intelligence tends to raise some fundamental questions around the theory of civil liability. The study focuses on the one hand on the question and obstacles of establishing liability based on the fault-principle in this context and on the other hand on the possibilities to establish the debtor's liability based on objective criteria both in the contractual and non-contractual field.

- by Stavros Kitsakis
- •
- Artificial Intelligence, Contract Law, Civil liability

RESUMO: No cenário contemporâneo, não se colocam maiores dúvidas quanto ao grande potencial da inteligência artificial para promover melhorias na assistência à saúde. Afloram, contudo, entre os variados desafios postos ao jurista, as dificuldades para a adequada imputação da responsabilidade civil diante de danos porventura sofridos em decorrência da atuação de um sistema dotado de inteligência artificial. Nesse contexto, o presente estudo tem por escopo central a investigação de critérios idôneos à solução – no que tange à deflagração do dever de indenizar – das hipóteses fáticas que envolvam uma divergência entre o resultado diagnóstico fornecido pelo sistema dotado de inteligência artificial e aquele alcançado pessoalmente pelo médico. Parte-se, nessa empreitada, da submissão da responsabilidade pessoal do médico ao regime subjetivo de responsabilidade civil, do que decorrem os necessários esforços de delimitação de possíveis critérios para a valoração da sua conduta. Precisamente por força da incidência da responsabilidade civil subjetiva, propõe-se cautela na análise das hipóteses fáticas usualmente rotuladas como erro de diagnóstico, a fim de que a rotulação apriorística do resultado danoso não incuta no intérprete uma (equivocada) sensação quanto à desnecessidade de concreta perquirição da culpa do profissional liberal. As reflexões desenvolvidas assumem como premissa metodológica a necessidade de busca de soluções no ordenamento jurídico brasileiro, em atenção à sua unidade e complexidade, afastando-se de certa tendência doutrinária que enuncia a existência de supostas lacunas na disciplina da responsabilidade civil para as questões suscitadas pelas novas tecnologias e, em especial, pela inteligência artificial.

- by Rodrigo da Guia Silva and +1
- •
- Artificial Intelligence, Private law, Direito Civil, Inteligência Artificial

RESUMO: No presente artigo, buscamos endereçar o problema de como o direito civil poderia responder a casos de danos causados por sistemas de inteligência artificial. Para tal, traçamos uma definição de sistema de inteligência artificial com foco em uma de suas técnicas de implementação, o aprendizado de máquina. Tais sistemas são definidos, portanto, por sua capacidade de autoaprendizado e de tomar decisões autônomas, sendo ainda desenvolvidos de forma difusa, i.e., por autores diversos e potencialmente anônimos, e em uma “black box”, i.e., de forma que seu funcionamento interno não possa ser satisfatoriamente esclarecido. A partir do enfoque da “interação homem-máquina”, ou seja, da constatação de que sistemas de inteligência artificial são utilizados e desenvolvidos em complemento à ação humana, realizamos breve ensaio sobre a subsunção de regras brasileiras de responsabilização subjetiva e objetiva a tais sistemas, ressaltando os desafios que sua aplicabilidade encontra em diferentes situações. Por fim, realizamos exposição não exaustiva a respeito das iniciativas legislativas no mundo sobre o tema.

- by Enrico Roberto
- •
- Artificial Intelligence, Civil Law, Machine Learning, Direito Civil