Crime Scene Investigation Research Papers (original) (raw)

- by
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- Photography, Violence, Space and Place, Walter Benjamin

This paper aims to propose and validate a methodology which can support forensic technicians while documenting a crime scene, after a contamination event (either accidental or deliberate) has changed its original appearance. Indeed, investigators need fast and automated tools to detect changes that occurred at a scene over time, and solutions to this problem are still an open issue. The contribution of the paper for addressing this need is twofold. First, a new methodology is introduced, that exploits panoramic images acquired with the Ricoh Theta SC camera, and 2D feature-based methods. The core idea is that SIFT features inherently contain scene information and, thanks to their good stability and invariance, can be exploited to detect possible changes that occurred at a scene surveyed with multi-temporal images. Second, in order to evaluate the performance of the proposed methodology, a reference approach is applied, based on state-of-the-art change detection algorithms (MAF/MAD), originally developed for remote sensing applications. Both methods are tested by simulating a typical crime scene, and a contamination event at the Crime Scene House (UK).

Resumo: O ordenamento jurídico brasileiro define os crimes cibernéticos como próprios ou impróprios. O crime cibernético próprio pode ser simplificadamente definido como aquele onde o bem jurídico tutelado é a informática, por exemplo, no caso de destruição de uma base de dados. Já o crime cibernético impróprio, refere-se ao emprego de recursos informáticos como auxiliares na prática de ilícitos, como o uso das mídias sociais para ataques a honra. Logo, o computador poderá se tornar um local de crime, no qual a abordagem in vivo poderá produzir evidências reconhecidamente relevantes, tais como a identificação dos processos em execução e das conexões de rede ativas, dentre outras informações normalmente indisponíveis em análises post-mortem. Palavras-Chave: Crimes cibernéticos; local de crime; in vivo; post-mortem. Abstract: The Brazilian legal system defines cybercrimes as proper or improper. In a simple way, proper cybercrimes can be defined as the one where the legal good protected is the information technology, for example, in case of destruction of a database. Improper cybercrime, however, refers to the use of computer resources as an aid to illicit practices, such as the use of social media to attack honor. Therefore, the computer may turn into a crime scene, where the in vivo approach could produce relevant evidence, such as the identification of running processes and active network connections, among other information not usually available in post-mortem analysis. Introdução O expressivo crescimento verificado em relação ao uso dos recursos e serviços computacionais ao longo das últimas décadas trouxe consigo novas e deturpadas formas de utilização dos computadores, os quais passaram a ser empregados também como poderosas ferramentas em condutas delituosas, fato que, dentre outras maneiras, pode ser verificado por meio

- by Anderson Silva and +2
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- Cybercrimes, Post Mortem, Crime Scene Investigation, Testing In Vivo

Background: Suicide is the way of ending one’s own life. The method of suicide varies from country to country and common methods include hanging, poisoning, self-immolation and so on. In India, the suicide rate of females is higher than males and many married women have been committing suicide for many reasons. The Indian legal system has
taken steps to address this concern on married women by incorporating section of law which identify and punish the abettor. Under section 174(3) CrPC (Death of a woman within seven years of marriage), the Revenue Divisional Officer (RDO) should conduct an inquiry to determine the reason if any dowry harassment by husband and/or inlaws, behind the death of that married woman. During my forensic crime scene investigation career in India (1979- 2003), RDO used to request Forensic Crime Scene Investigator (FCSI), Mobile Forensic Science Laboratory (MFSL), in such inquiries and to visit such death scenes and assist the investigation forensically and arrive the conclusion.
One such indoor death scene, the author had visited and assisted the RDO, is presented herewith. Gist of the case: A
woman aged 22 years old, married two years before found hanging in her house with feet touched the floor. The woman’s father had lodged a complaint that her daughter was murdered by her husband and made her hang. The Inspector of Police arrived at the scene and registered an FIR (First information report) under section 174(3) CrPC and informed the RDO. The RDO advised the Police Inspector to inform the forensic crime scene investigator to visit and assist the investigation forensically. Crime Scene Observation: The FCSI, also the corresponding author (TN) who immediately arrived at the scene along with the Revenue officials made careful observations. On detailed examination of the scene and dead body, TN explained to the RDO about the death scene and forensic findings. Conclusion: The author finally concluded that the death was due to suicidal hanging, based on the presence of toe impressions with other evidence.

Fires in India are a very common occurrence and witnessed every year in large numbers. The places of occurrence of these vary from structural fires to vehicles to forest and vast open lands. Accidental fires cannot be prevented and hence, steps need to be undertaken for minimizing the losses incurred in terms of lives, livestock and property. Understanding causes for fires through proper investigation, will help in mitigation of future incidents and save the government valuable money lost on fighting these blazing fires. This review paper focuses on the management and response towards accidental fires in India and will highlight statistical data for accidental fires over a period of time. The trends in numbers of fire accidents have been studied over five years from 2014 to 2018 by collating data from the annual publications of "Accidental Deaths and Suicides in India" published by the National Crime Records Bureau, Government of India every year. The paper was aimed to discover the most frequent type of accidental fires in India and create awareness of the risk of fire disasters and better strategies for safety and incident management.

Work of forensic personnel at the scene of crime got popularized by TV series, such as CSI: Crime Scene Investigation and its spin offs that started airing at the end of the 20 th /beginning of the 21 st century. For more than a decade CSI franchise was the most popular TV series worldwide 3 that prepared audience for more specific series, such as Dexter, Bones and alike. Until than all the credits for solving criminal cases got detectives investigating them. The vision of lonely genius solving the most difficult riddles has been awakening the imagination of general audience since the early 19 th century novels of Edgar Alan Poe, than sir Arthur Conan Doyle and later Agatha Christie to mention just those who have laid the foundation of the crime novel genre. Detectives created by them (often civilians) were using mostly their brains and logical thinking to solve cases labelled unbreakably by the 1

- by Paweł Waszkiewicz
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- Forensic Science, Crime scene analysis, Criminalistics, CSI effect

This paper aimed to investigate the effectiveness of safety and wellbeing management system at the Dar es Salaam Port. The study used a sample size of 60 people all being the employees and management of Dar es Salaam Port. Several observed towards adequacy of effectiveness of safety and healthiness management system at a workplace. The study found that a great part of employees including the management aware of the existence of SHMS at the port. However, it noted that injuries occurred at the port frequently, at the order of 10 or above accidents per month due to hazardous cargo handled, machines use, air pollutions and heavy cargo. In additional to low awareness, low number of environmental assessments and inadequate administration of SHMS laws. The recommends that awareness on safety, well-being management at workplaces needs to be enhanced and that OSHA as sole workplace environmental regular needs improved to make it more effective. Additional, the study recommends that employee safety and wellbeing are essential aspects of human rights that need to demand by the workers and human rights activists.

Bloodstain pattern analysis is inseparably present in forensic genetics, crime scene investigation, the examination of evidence, and paper casework. It times of pandemic related to COVID-19 it is crucial to be aware of obstacles, barriers, and threats that await every expert who deals with forensic biological material. This new situation is an excellent time to go back and point out what are the primary guidelines that reduce the contamination of evidence and increase the protection of practitioners and experts during their work. Some evident principles that exist during crime scene investigation should be used in a more safe environment. The main goal of this article is to show what is the primary indicator that will help to reduce the danger of contamination by Coronavirus Diseases (COVID-19) during the prosecution of work. Bloodstain pattern analysis is a vast discipline. Other experts can use guidelines that will be shown in this article. Numerous forensic fields can benefit from this information. Subjects such as fingerprint, trace evidence, ballistics, forensic genetics, an examination of the evidence on a crime scene or during paper casework, even handwriting during crime scene investigation.

- by Kacper Ch
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- Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Forensics, Testimony

This chapter looks into the preliminary investigation phase which originates when a crime or incident is reported and continues until the scene of incident is processed and cleared. The preliminary investigation serves as the foundation of the case. It should therefore be accurate or may jeopardize the entire investigation. Although no hard and fast rules can be laid down for how each scene of incident should be approached and processed, the fundamental principles remain the same and should be adhered to at all times. The chapter relies on the tried and tested principles of forensic investigation by providing a guide for the approach to and processing of a scene of incident. It furthermore appreciates the complexities faced by investigators attending to a scene of incident and will introduce forensic investigation as a tool, which by its systemic and scientific nature, can assist the investigator in understanding the procedures that should be followed at a scene of incident. It is beyond the scope of this chapter to discuss specific methods for specific crimes or incidents, but rather to provide a generic overview of the preliminary investigation phase.

- by Meg Blanchard
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- Crime Scene Investigation

The aim of this course is to introduce law enforcement to the concepts and benefits of forensic archaeology through a hands-on field exercise. In addition, experienced field archaeologists are welcome to participate in this course to gain an understanding of forensic procedures and protocols. This course has been approved by the Register for Professional Archaeologists for 14hrs of continuing education credit. The course agenda is posted here. Other handouts from this course can be found under "Teaching Documents".

- by Kimberlee S Moran
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- Forensic Science, Forensic Archaeology, Crime Scene Investigation

This article explores the intricacies of modus operandi, signature and fantasy as distinctive behaviour in stranger rape cases involving child victims that were reported in Port Elizabeth, which were analysed by means of a rape matrix. The authors identified distinctive behaviour of offenders in two possible rape series’ involving child victims. Consequently, the authors probe whether a more comprehensive investigation, which reflects an understanding of modus operandi, signature and fantasy behaviour, could have determined if both rape series were perpetrated by the same offender. The article, furthermore, explores examples of reported cases to illustrate how modus operandi, signature or fantasy can manifest amongst offenders, and, should this behaviour recur in a subsequent case, could be indicative of the same offender committing the crime. The findings suggest that the presence of these distinct behaviours in conjunction with aspects such as the geographic location and time of t...

In the last few years, media has raised the number of shows based on crime scene investigation on televisions. Due to a drastic increase in the audience, many people assume that they have a full understanding and knowledge base of crime scene investigation. The effect of such shows on the general audience, as well as on the jurisdiction, is considered as the CSI Effect. The consequences of the CSI Effect have impacted the public as well as law enforcement. Media can also be regarded as an investigative tool in crime investigation in the forensic field. The present review focuses on investigating the impact of the CSI effect and addressing fundamental issues through effective media handling in crime and criminal investigations. The development of suitable media strategies, mechanisms for managing media, disclosure, and acquisition of information are also discussed. The proposed strategies will support the general public and law enforcement community to use media handling in major crimes and to approach the proper, unbiased, impartial, and timely forensic investigations.

- by Bhoopesh K U M A R Sharma
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- Forensic Science, Crime Scene Investigation

Dubai Police encountered a typical murder case on the 26th of April 2016. The dead body bore the strange red marks on the nose and was found tied abruptly on the floor using different types of adhesive tapes. The main challenge, in this case, was to collect the primary evidence like fingerprints and other impressions without disturbing the crime scene. The main focus firstly was given to the fingerprints in this case, which can directly be related to an individual involved in this crime. Whereby fingerprints experts were called to the scene to collect and identify all the fingerprints from various pieces of evidence. Various methods were used to develop the fingerprints that were used, including cyanoacrylate fuming, ninhydrin, and ardrox dye. This case reflects the precision, accuracy, and reliability of the fingerprint expert to show the high efficacy of the twenty-nine fingerprints collected from the crime scene in less than twenty-four hours. The Automated Fingerprint Identification System (AFIS) served as a very useful tool in the identification of the culprit in this case.

Forensic investigations involving animal scavenging of human remains require a physical search of the scene and surrounding areas. However, there is currently no standard procedure in the U.K. for physical searches of scavenged human remains. The Winthrop and grid search methods used by police specialist searchers for scavenged remains were examined through the use of mock red fox (Vulpes vulpes) scatter scenes. Forty-two police specialist searchers from two different regions within the U.K. were divided between those briefed and not briefed with fox-typical scavenging information. Briefing searchers with scavenging information significantly affected the recovery of scattered bones (χ2 = 11.45, df = 1, p = 0.001). Searchers briefed with scavenging information were 2.05 times more likely to recover bones. Adaptions to search methods used by searchers were evident on a regional level, such that searchers more accustom to a peri-urban to rural region recovered a higher percentage of sc...

- by Amanda H . Korstjens
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- Engineering, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science, Police

The computer is being used by majority of the people living today. There are linked to the computer either directly or indirectly. The computer systems are gaining their implementations in different departments. Either it is education or the military, the computers are to be found everywhere. The computers are being used for performing different operations in different fields. It has produced much easier ways of performing different tasks easing human being lives. In the past, when the computer was not commercial and there was very limited use of it, it was hard to manage time. With the implementation of computer systems everywhere, many tasks can be completed within short span of time. It is being used by the banks, businesses and other government organizations as well. They have been using the computer systems for record keeping and producing much easier ways for the customers and the people to use their services whenever they want to. The businesses rely on the storage of information about their customers and other related information.

This is a practical lab course meant to compliment the Forensic Methods and Techniques module and the order and activities follow those of the lectures. This course has run for 3 years and is updated, sometimes with new lab activities,... more

- by Kimberlee S Moran
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- Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science, Forensic Pathology, Fingerprint

London: Academic Press (1999) ISBN 0-12-705040-X (504 pages (including index), £49.95 hardback) Review published in Crime Prevention & Community Safety, 2001, 3/2, pp.81-82. The last five years have seen a literal flood of books on the topic of offender profiling (with many more promised). This flood has been largely the result of a constant high public interest in the area, fuelled steadily by television dramas and Hollywood movies. With such a background driving publication, it is not surprising that the quality of the books has varied enormously. Turvey's book, Criminal Profiling, probably holds something of a middle-ground between the truly excellent and the truly awful. The book is aimed at a general, non-specialised audience and has the flaws and advantages of any book with such targets. It is readable, accessible, user-friendly and it attempts to paint a broad picture. On the down side, it lacks depth in many places, it tends to over-emphasise the more sensationalist elements and -with a few notable exceptions -unless research has been carried out in the USA it tends not to be mentioned or discussed in the book. This last is a great pity as some of the best research on the subject has been conducted outside the US.

- by Andrew Silke
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- Forensic Psychology, Criminal Psychology, Offender Profiling, Criminal profiling

This research paper used the Kali-Linux operating system, to create a platform remotely which allows to control the device Android and Windows operating system using the malicious payload through penetration tools like Metasploit framework, to have a security test and to check the loopholes of devices. The main purpose was to study the Metasploit payloads, analyze and control the target device. It can be utilized in legal aspects, it will be very helpful to the police officials, law enforcement agencies, investigators where it helps to have access to the devices and locations of the criminals and suspects, without having physical contact with their devices. This research will reveal the process of generating a malicious payload, and performing a security test, collect data from the target devices and it also revealed the different ways adopted by the cyber-criminals, black-hat hackers to gain access of their target devices like injecting the payload into an original application, MP4 file, SMS, PDF file and Image (JPEG) file. The research paper intends to examine the methods used by hackers to exploit the devices.

- by AFROZULLA KHAN and +1
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- Forensic Science, Expert evidence, Cyber Forensics, Fingerprint

Fornvännen 105 (2010) Recensioner 140 I förordet skriver Liliequist att syftet med boken är att visa UV:s bredd, styrka, kompetens och utveckling på en konkurrenspräglad marknad (s. 10). Detta syfte uppnår boken med råge. Antologin är i... more

Archaeological theories and methods are developed to reconstruct past human behavior from fragmentary material remains. The interrelated discipline of physical anthropology addresses questions related to skeletal remains while acknowledging taphonomic parameters. The benefit of integrating these disciplines in forensic investigations has gained increasing acknowledgement over the last decades, but the use of forensic archaeology and anthropology (FAA) remains limited in Sweden. The aim of this study is to analyze the field of FAA in Sweden in relation to outdoor and fire crime scenes where human remains are encountered. Based on qualitative interviews, the state and potential developments of FAA within the Swedish police and the National Board of Forensic Medicine are discussed. The results show that for ensic investigations and analysis of human fragmentary remains are not standardized in Sweden. A great responsibility is placed on the individual crime scene investigator who elects how to investigate these sites and who to contract for the analysis of osteological remains. This can endanger evidence collection and interpretation. This study shows that investigations of buried or fragmentary human remains in Sweden could be aided by a development of FAA. Key steps to further development of FAA within Swedish police involve 1) quantifying cases that could benefit from FAA, 2) establish FAA as an independent subject, 3) develop a national infrastructure, 4) offer professional education in the subject(s), and 4) develop best practice to advance evidence collection and legal security in investigations involving fragmentary human remains. An ongoing ISO accreditation of outdoor crime scene investigations within the Swedish police will hopefully benefit FAA development and collaborations with external partners.

- by Clara Alfsdotter
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- Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Archaeology, Forensic Taphonomy, Law Enforcement

The aim of this article is to review crime-scene examination and forensic investigation in sexual crimes, which have an important place among crimes against humanity. The application of forensic sciences starts at the crime scene, and crime-scene examination and forensic investigation are important in solving sexual-crime cases. During the forensic examination, DNA analysis provides the most significant evidence. Biological evidence, particularly DNA, is of primary importance and is most helpful in sexual-violence cases. Obtaining evidence immediately is indispensible for delivering criminals to justice and redressing victims’ losses. If the individuals involved in the incident cannot be located, the DNA extracted from the evidence cannot be compared to those individuals’ DNA samples. At this point, the importance of DNA banks comes to the fore. As is true of other crimes, DNA databanks are a necessity for fighting sexual crimes. One of the most significant deficits in Turkey’s crime-fighting arsenal is the non existence of such DNA databanks.
Keywords: crime-scene, sexual crime, DNA, victim

- by seda uğraş
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- Forensic Sciences, Crime Scene Investigation, Sexual Crime

2 RESUMO -O objetivo deste trabalho consiste em estudo sobre a aplicabilidade de detectores de metais na procura de vestígios em locais de crime. A utilização do equipamento como apoio ao trabalho pericial, justificada na esfera prática pela dificuldade em localizar vestígios metálicos em cenas de crime, gerou a motivação para o desenvolvimento do presente estudo. Inicialmente, é apresentada conceituação teórica acerca da tecnologia atual de detecção de metais. Após, é feito o relato de três casos reais nos quais foram empregados detectores de metais, bem como seu impacto no resultado final do trabalho pericial. Por fim, são exibidos dados obtidos em experimentos utilizando o equipamento na localização de objetos comumente encontrados em locais de crime, com diferentes características e em condições diversas. Desta forma, o estudo elenca benefícios e dificuldades advindos do uso do detector de metais em locais de crime, permitindo avaliar sua contribuição ao trabalho do perito. PALAVRAS-CHAVE: detector de metais, vestígios metálicos, local de crime.

The Crime Scene Investigator (CSI) has a distinct professional profile within the police. It is the CSI who is tasked with identifying trace at crime scenes in order to inform police investigations. Despite this significant role, little is known sociologically about the CSI’s routine work. This paper draws on ethnographic fieldwork completed at the National Policing Improvement Agency’s Forensic Centre, observation of CSIs at real crime scenes and interview data to consider the CSI’s practices surrounding trace at volume crime scenes. It foregrounds the work that take place in transforming crime scene trace into admissible evidence or objects for laboratory analysis and the processes of identifying meaningful trace, central to CSI claims of unique expertise. Yet beyond the crime scene and police environment, it is the CSI’s ability to record their adherence to prescriptive contamination avoidance procedures which is of paramount importance. This paper demonstrates the agency involved in making sense of crime scenes and the differing ways the CSI and CSI work are understood across police and courtroom environments.

Forensic entomology is the utilization of insects in lawful issues and gets information about where, when, and the way crime was committed based on their distribution, ecology, biology, and conduct of insects present at the crime scene. Entomotoxicology is the assessment of poisons in arthropods that prey on the corpse. Forensic Entomotoxicology examines the assessment of insects as toxicological samples since they are being used for the poisonous content in them. The utilization of insects as an alternative matrix for drug identification is well-reported and suggested without conventional matrices for example urine, blood, or internal organs. Hence, drugs present in a decomposing body might be recognized through the investigation of maggots feeding off it. In this paper, the results for the practice of Entomotoxicology as a forensic technique are discussed in-depth and the function of insects as a toxicological sample, its collection, and preservation, examination utilizing different instrumental procedures, is being stated for the forensic considerations.

- by AFROZULLA KHAN and +1
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- Criminology, Forensic Science, Forensic Entomology, Toxicology

There were a total of fifty-five cancellations before she set sail, somewhat reminiscent of the rumors surrounding 9/11 alleging that several people failed to show up for work at the World Trade Center that day seemingly as a result of some form of advance warning, or the Oklahoma Bombing, where several members of the Alcohol Tobacco and Firearm Bureau, which had an office in the federal building, stayed away from work the day of the bombing, having received prior warning. It seems hard to deny the fact that some kind of prior warning was issued to these highly prized members of the global elite in advance. Could it be because they were all members of the Sons of

Forensic Entomology is the one of the part of forensic science where we get information about insects which helps in the investigation legal case relating to both human and animals, with the help of arthropods. Insects helps in investigation of crime scene both open area and water. Most of the crime and done in outdoor and corps thrown in open area so this studies helps investigators to investigates the crime with the help of insects.
The insects which help in forensics entomological investigation include blowflies, flesh flies, chees skippers, hide and skin beetles, rove beetles and clown beetles.

- by Biplov Mandal
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- Forensic Entomology, Crime Scene Investigation

RESUMEN El análisis científico de la escena del crimen es de trascendental importancia en la investigación judicial. Es función de un equipo, del cual el médico forense es parte obligatoria. El conocimiento de las circunstancias y antecedentes del hecho investigado, junto con el estudio del lugar y del cadáver, constituyen elementos indispensables para el correcto abordaje del cuerpo en la necropsia; de esta manera, se cumplirá con el objetivo primordial del trabajo pericial médico forense: contribuir al esclarecimiento de la comisión de un hecho delictivo con resultado de muerte. En este artículo se ofrece una actualización del tema de la participación del médico forense en la escena del crimen, considerando la realidad de la práctica pericial médico legal en Panamá. ABSTRACT The scientific analysis of the crime scene is of transcendental importance in the judicial investigation. It is a function of a team, of which the forensic physician is an indispensable part. Knowledge of the circumstances and background of the researched fact, together with the study

- by Aleksandar R. Ivanovic
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- Criminal Procedure, Forensic Anthropology, Forensic Science, Crime Science
- by Dr. Teresa "Lilly" White
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- Forensic Entomology, Decomposition, Forensic Taphonomy, Law Enforcement

Currently, there are over a thousand unsolved homicide cases in Poland. Up to this point, numerous, mostly popular science, research papers have been focusing on the individual units in charge of these difficult cases. This paper, however, is an attempt to represent the current state of investigations that were discontinued due to the fact that the perpetrators could not be found, hereinafter referred to as Cold Case Homicides. This paper depicts both the researcher's perspective and the statistical side of such conduct. Furthermore, it presents the first results of a pilot study conducted among the prosecutors, concerning the problem of Cold Case Homicides from their perspective, the possibility of cooperation with the academics, and their opinion on the idea of complex research, concerning the reconstruction of events in this specific area of crime.

- by Kacper Ch
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- Criminal Law, Criminal Procedure, Criminal Justice, Statistics

Currently, promising new tools are under development that will enable crime scene investigators to analyze fingerprints or DNAtraces at the crime scene. While these technologies could help to find a perpetrator early in the investigation, they may also strengthen confirmation bias when an incorrect scenario directs the investigation this early. In this study, 40 experienced Crime scene investigators (CSIs) investigated a mock crime scene to study the influence of rapid identification technologies on the investigation. This initial study shows that receiving identification information during the investigation results in more accurate scenarios. CSIs in general are not as much reconstructing the event that took place, but rather have a "who done it routine." Their focus is on finding perpetrator traces with the risk of missing important information at the start of the investigation. Furthermore, identification information was mostly integrated in their final scenarios when the results of the analysis matched their expectations. CSIs have the tendency to look for confirmation, but the technology has no influence on this tendency. CSIs should be made aware of the risks of this strategy as important offender information could be missed or innocent people could be wrongfully accused.

- by Christianne De Poot
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- Psychology, Decision Making, Confirmation bias, Crime Scene Investigation

This article explores the phenomenon of gang rape incidents committed by strangers and makes recommendations for more effective preventative and investigative decision-making. The recommendations are based on empirical results obtained from an analysis of 90 closed and unsolved gang rape cases committed by strangers in Port Elizabeth between January 2007 and January 2008. An established docket analysis tool, referred to as a rape matrix, was used with the specific aims of exploring the value of docket analysis as an investigative tool in gang rape investigations and of gaining an improved understanding of the dynamics of gang rape incidents. Shortcomings were furthermore identified in the investigative decision-making and management of gang rape cases. Finally, the authors attempted to identify patterns and similarities amongst these closed and unsolved gang rape cases which could be indicative of repeat gang rape offenders. The results obtained from the docket analysis make a significant contribution to current knowledge on the dynamics of gang rape incidents and furthermore highlight two distinct patterns which were identified through the content analysis of these cases. This article demystifies some investigative complexities linked with gang rape incidents committed by strangers and highlights high-risk themes within a community-based setting which could prove useful in crime prevention initiatives.

- by Johan van Graan
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- Criminal Justice, Reference, Criminal profiling, Crime Scene Investigation

Every state needs a special prosecutor’s office dedicated to the investigation and prosecution of identity theft/financial fraud, which is often a multi-jurisdictional crime. This would facilitate a robust investigation and prosecution of such crime. There are numerous problems that arise with localized prosecution in the investigation and prosecution of financial crimes and identity theft. It is a pervasive crime and the number of victims, limited government resources, overworked or inexperienced prosecutors, lack of knowledge or understanding of the elements of the crime, and application of the traditional approach to jurisdiction used in physical crimes further compound the problem.

- by Brian Erbis
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- Criminal Justice, Police Science, Journalism, Digital Investigation
- by Silvia Signorato
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- Criminal Procedure, Privacy, Criminal Investigation, Data retention

- by Johan van Graan and +1
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- Criminal Psychology, Criminal Investigation, Criminal profiling, Crime Scene Investigation

Analiza Śladów Krwawych (AŚK) jest dziedziną kryminalistyki, która w najbliższych la-tach nabierać będzie coraz większego znaczenia. Przyczyną powyższego zjawiska jest intensywny rozwój nauk biologicznych i coraz częstsze wykorzystywanie ich w procesie karnym. Krew jest jedną z substancji, które bardzo często są ujawniane i zabezpieczane na miejscu zdarzenia. Należy pamiętać, że oprócz informacji genetycznej krew może nieść ze sobą informację dotyczącą sposo-bu powstania danego śladu, dzięki czemu można dokonać rekonstrukcji zdarzenia. Sam fakt obec-ności krwi na miejscu zdarzenia/przedmiotach/ osobach, nie ma aż tak dużego znaczenia, ale istotą problemu może być, w jakich okolicznościach się ona tam znalazła, a na to pytanie odpowiada Analiza Śladów Krwawych. Obecnie stosowana polska terminologia, która pochodzi z lat sześć-dziesiątych, jest w znacznym stopniu niepełna i nieaktualna. Niniejsza publikacja ma na celu wprowadzenie czytelnika w tematykę Analizy Śladów Krwawych, przedstawienie i wyjaśnienie terminologii międzynarodowej, używanej w tej nauce, aby ujednolicić oraz unowocześnić obecnie stosowane polskie nazewnictwo. Artykuł ma na celu przedstawienie jedynie podstawowej terminologii, natomiast w przyszłości należy rozwinąć ten temat, poprzez przybliżenie charakterystyki poszczególnych śladów bardziej szczegółowo.

Jandarma Genel Komutanlığı, toplumun huzur ve refahının sağlanmasında ve adalet olgusunun toplum üzerinde tam olarak tesis edilebilmesinde önemli bir göreve sahiptir. Bu görevini icra ederken ayrıca, olayların aydınlatılmasında, suçun ortaya çıkarılıp, suçluların tespit edilmesinde görevlendirilen teknik ekip ve personelin gelişimine azami özen göstermektedir. Bu kapsamda; OYİT’lerinin kullandıkları küçük İHA sistemlerinin sayı ve niteliklerinin arttırılmasının adli görevlerin icrasında, olay yerinin incelenmesinde, suçların aydınlatılmasında ve faillerin tespitinde büyük kolaylıklar sağlayacağı; ayrıca personel, zaman tasarrufu ve maddi tasarruf sağlayacağı öngörülmektedir.

- by Okan Cömert
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- Criminology, Crime Scene Investigation, Drones, Insansız Hava Araçları

Forensic science in Nigeria is at its lowest ebb and this is partly because we have different institutions and persons advocating for forensic science inclusion and recognition individually without a collective or joint approach. The Private Security Industry with a strength of about 1500 companies has a direct relationship with Forensic Science and a major role to play in Forensic Awareness. This article aims to show the need for a collaborative effort between relevant stakeholders in the forensic industry, and how the private security industries that have witnessed a steady increase in growth for the last three decades can help in the forensic awareness campaign.

- by Bolaji Ogunshola and +1
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- Criminal Law, Forensic Sciences, Digital Investigation,Computer Forensics, Computer security, Crime Scene Investigation