Intersection Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) has initiated multi-modal level-of-service (LOS) methodologies, including that for the bicycle travel mode. It has already adopted a bicycle LOS methodology for the roadway segment portion of... more

The Florida Department of Transportation (DOT) has initiated multi-modal level-of-service (LOS) methodologies, including that for the bicycle travel mode. It has already adopted a bicycle LOS methodology for the roadway segment portion of the transportation network, the Bicycle Level of Service Model. Florida DOT’s ultimate goal is to develop corridor- and facilities-level LOS methodologies. Toward that goal, Florida DOT sponsored research to develop the first part of an intersection bicycle LOS methodology, the Intersection LOS for the bicycle through movement. This Intersection LOS for the bicycle through movement would provide a measure of the level of safety and comfort experienced by bicyclists riding through an intersection. The Intersection LOS model for the bicycle through movement is based on Pearson correlation analyses and stepwise regression modeling of approximately 1,000 combined real-time perceptions from bicyclists traveling a course through a typical U.S. metropolit...

James Baldwin is one of the greatest artists of the postmodern era. It will not be an overstatement to say that no author has shaped the narrative of race, sexuality, and gender in Black America, apart from Toni Morrison. Giovanni's Room... more

James Baldwin is one of the greatest artists of the postmodern era. It will not be an overstatement to say that no author has shaped the narrative of race, sexuality, and gender in Black America, apart from Toni Morrison. Giovanni's Room (1956) is a powerful testament to Baldwin's creative and technical genius. The oeuvre of this great writer is very contemporary, even though they were written years ago. This paper intends to examine the racial, sexual, and gender intersections of the said novel. With a close look at feminist thinkers like Toril Moi and Sara Ahmed, sexuality and gender biases are overall addressed. This paper puts an effort to decipher how race and sexuality predominate over people in due course. Despite being a homosexual man himself, Baldwin paints homosexuals as powerless and akin to darkness or blackness while heterosexuality rules over as the powerful one. Female characters are relatively weak and granted much space or thought. On top of that, inherent racism pervades the novel like a spear. This paper delves deeper into the realm of dynamics and power struggles, vis-à-vis race, sexuality, and gender.

A signal timing assignment proposal for urban multi lane signalised roundabouts The relationship between the left-turning traffic volume and the storage area at signalised roundabouts is investigated, and a calculation procedure for... more

A signal timing assignment proposal for urban multi lane signalised roundabouts The relationship between the left-turning traffic volume and the storage area at signalised roundabouts is investigated, and a calculation procedure for signal timing is proposed in this paper. The parameters associated with the developing stages of a new expression/ model are also defined. Four different signal timing scenarios are considered. The results show that the proposed formula can be used for the design of signalised roundabouts. Prijedlog vremenskog usklađenja semafora na gradskim višetračnim semaforiziranim kružnim raskrižjima U radu se ocjenjuje odnos između količine vozila koja skreću lijevo i prostora za čekanje na semaforiziranim kružnim raskrižjima, te se predlaže postupak za izračun vremenskog ciklusa promjene svjetala na semaforima. Definiraju se i parametri vezani za razne korake razvoja novog izraza/modela. Korištena su četiri različita scenarija promjene svjetala. Rezultati pokazuju da se predloženi izraz može koristiti za projektiranje semaforiziranih kružnih raskrižja. Ključne riječi: promet, raskrižje, semaforizirana kružna raskrižja, simulacija, VISSIM Vorherige Mitteilung In der Abhandlung wird das Verhältnis zwischen der Menge der linksabbiegenden Fahrzeuge und des Warteraums an Kreisverkehren mit Ampeln beurteilt, und es wird ein Verfahren zur Berechnung des Zeitzykluses der Ampelumschaltung vorgeschlagen. Definiert werden auch die Parameter in Bezug auf verschiedene Entwicklungsschritte des neuen Modells. Verwendet wurden vier unterschiedliche Szenarien der Ampelumschaltung. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass der vorgeschlagene Entwurf für die Projektierung von Kreisverkehren mit Ampeln verwendet werden kann.

Evaluation of planar algebraic curves arises in the context of intersections of algebraic surfaces with piecewise continuous rational polynomial parametric surface patches useful in geometric modeling. We address a method of evaluating... more

Evaluation of planar algebraic curves arises in the context of intersections of algebraic surfaces with piecewise continuous rational polynomial parametric surface patches useful in geometric modeling. We address a method of evaluating these curves of intersection that combines the advantageous features of analytic representation of the governing equation of the algebraic curve in the Bernstein basis within a rectangular domain, adaptive subdivision and polyhedral faceting techniques, and the computation of turning and singular points, to provide the basis for a reliable and efficient solution procedure. Using turning and singular points, the intersection problem can be partitioned into subdomains that can be processed independently and which involve intersection segments that can be traced with faceting methods. This partitioning and the tracing of individual segments is carried out using an adaptive subdivision algorithm for Bezier/B-spline surfaces followed by Newton correction o...

A searching algorithm is presented for determining which members of a set of n points in an N dimensional space lie inside a prescribed space subregion. The algorithm is then extended to handle finite size objects as well as points. In... more

A searching algorithm is presented for determining which members of a set of n points in an N dimensional space lie inside a prescribed space subregion. The algorithm is then extended to handle finite size objects as well as points. In this form it is capable of solving problems such as that of finding the objects from a given set which intersect with a prescribed object. The suitability of the algorithm is demonstrated for the problem of three dimensional unstructured mesh generation using the advancing front method.

Traffic congestions, air pollution, noise pollution & its resultant ill effects and frustration have become the order of the day. The necessitate for traffic evaluation and assessment is likely to improve for future development of Road... more

Traffic congestions, air pollution, noise pollution & its resultant ill effects and frustration have become the order of the day. The necessitate for traffic evaluation and assessment is likely to improve for future development of Road Transport Network. Assessment of traffic is stipulation to planning of highways and flyovers. It also provides the basis for determining the number of traffic lanes to be provided for different road sections having regards to volume, composition and other parameters of traffic. Day by Day the increasing of population and numbers of vehicles also increases the load on traffic. Due to this increasing result into excess fuel consumption and which affect pollution. For manipulating the emanated fuel consumption and pollution load to the environment by HMV or LMV during rest at Traffic signal, appraisals were carried out at different traffic signal intersection in Nagpur city in the given research study, an investigations is carried out on the critical environmental impacts causes due to congestion of traffic.

An ideal of a ring is completely irreducible if it is not the intersec- tion of any set of proper overideals. We investigate the structure of completely irrreducible ideals in a commutative ring without niteness conditions. It is known... more

An ideal of a ring is completely irreducible if it is not the intersec- tion of any set of proper overideals. We investigate the structure of completely irrreducible ideals in a commutative ring without niteness conditions. It is known that every ideal of a ring is an intersection of completely irreducible ideals. We characterize in several ways those ideals that

Arterial provides high degree of mobility while also directly serving abutting land uses in major centres of municipal areas. It is connected to the higher and lower road hierarchy via intersections. The intersections play important roles... more

Arterial provides high degree of mobility while also directly serving abutting land uses in major centres of municipal areas. It is connected to the higher and lower road hierarchy via intersections. The intersections play important roles in dispersing traffic flows which are coming from or towards central business district area. The performance of an intersection has been based on the control delay of approaching vehicles, waiting to continue their trip. According to the Jabatan Kerja Raya standard, level of service of up to D can be considered in accommodating current traffic flow. Otherwise, the traffic might experience longer waiting time which may contribute to other traffic related problems. Bandar Maharani in Muar District is a developing town in Johor State of Malaysia with its arterial aligned toward the centre of the town, creating a spider web look-alike road network. The arterial connect the central business district area of Bandar Maharani from south, north and east bounds. One of the main arterial is Jalan Bakri, connecting Bakri town to Bandar Maharani from south bound. This study was carried out to measure and assess the performance of 10 intersections along Jalan Bakri using the SIDRA Intersection 8.0 during peak hour flow in a weekday. Furthermore, this study analyses the effect of storage length to a pairing intersections network. A 12-hour commuter data acquisition was carried out to determine peak hour through the time-series plot. Later, the peak hour was selected for movement counting at intersections to obtain the most critical traffic flow during weekday. Videotaping method was used to record the movements and extracted manually for analysis purposes. Videotaping method consist of two different devices which are camcorder with 3 meters tripod and drone camera at at least 11 meters height. Based on the commuter data analysis, 70 percent traffic consist of cars, followed by 22 percent motorcycles and 7 and 1 percents of van/medium trucks and heavy trucks/buses, respectively. The highest rate of traffic was recorded between 5.30 to 6.30 PM with computed peak hour factor of 0.94. The individual analysis of intersections found that typical level of service F (worst) were recorded as expected during peak hour, except for INT004, INT005 and INT010 with level of service D, E

本文的目的在於探討保羅的「處境交會」是詮釋保羅最合適的切入點。純歷史研究法，如平行或借詞，及處境二分法有其不足之處，無法恰當的理解保羅。保羅所處的時代，多元文化的滲透力不可避免，也不容易加以區分。過度分化而宣稱保羅單受某文化傳統影響，並以此文化傳統來主導保羅的意思，易落入簡化主義的陷阱。故而本文提出，「處境交會」是詮釋保羅最合適的切入點，並以加4: 3, 9的τὰ στοιχεῖα為例說明。 The purpose of this article is to... more

本文的目的在於探討保羅的「處境交會」是詮釋保羅最合適的切入點。純歷史研究法，如平行或借詞，及處境二分法有其不足之處，無法恰當的理解保羅。保羅所處的時代，多元文化的滲透力不可避免，也不容易加以區分。過度分化而宣稱保羅單受某文化傳統影響，並以此文化傳統來主導保羅的意思，易落入簡化主義的陷阱。故而本文提出，「處境交會」是詮釋保羅最合適的切入點，並以加4: 3, 9的τὰ στοιχεῖα為例說明。
The purpose of this article is to explore the relation between Paul and his cultural social context. The main focus will be on pointing out that the most frequent ways of using materials of the Second Temple period have their limitations. Parallel (which merely list out the texts of this period that seems to be parallel with Paul's) or borrowing terms (which suggests that Paul borrows the terms or concepts from the documents of this period), for instance, is a purely historical method which has little, if any, contribution in understanding Paul; or contextual dichotomy, which interprets Paul from one particular context (like Jewish or Greek) often confining our understanding of what Paul really wants to express. Realizing that the intersection of several cultures in this period is a very complicated issue, this article proposes a new understanding of contextual intersection (encounter) as a better way to understand Paul. Ben Sira is a good example in giving us a glimpse. He tries to identify the Law and wisdom in the context that is similar to Paul's, by placing both to a higher level: the order of God's creation, and as a result he is able to underscore the Law without degrading other wisdoms. Paul's use of τὰ στοιχεῖα in Galatians 4:3, 9 shows a similar pattern. Before they came to Christ, the Jews were under the Law and the Gentiles under paganism, but Paul identifies both as under τὰ στοιχεῖα, especially now that he sees the Galatians' intention receive the Law as going back again to τὰ στοιχεῖα. Paul is able to make such an identification due to a higher perspective from the cross.

Composite traffic control mechanisms at intersections are normally made up of two or more traffic control devices; for example, roundabout and traffic signals combined or if you like, traffic signal and one way flow combined. Roundabouts... more

Composite traffic control mechanisms at intersections are normally made up of two or more traffic control devices; for example, roundabout and traffic signals combined or if you like, traffic signal and one way flow combined. Roundabouts work on the principle of circulation and entry flows; whereas signalised intersections rely on staging or phasing for effectiveness. Safety at roundabouts is enhanced by limiting circulating speeds and this is achieved in geometric design by entry path curvature. While control strategy of traffic signal is flexible; it hinges on vehicle actuation or fixed time operation. However, there are some vexing traffic safety issues worth considering at signalised roadways; for example, in the event of signal breakdown or malfunction, how would such intersections cope with gridlock; what are the delay trade-offs for installing a standard roundabout at existing signalised intersections or vice versa. As a consequence, delay studies were carried out at a signalised intersection during peak period in Skudai, Malaysia. Delay data for single and composite signalised intersections were analysed and compared. Results show a slightly improved level of service with roundabout, more importantly significant reduction in conflicting movement and gridlock was achieved when the traffic signals were switched off. The study concluded that at signalised intersections, composite traffic control mechanisms have significant influence on vehicular conflict, gridlock and red light running compared with single control devices.

The urban traffic congestion has become a global phenomenon. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have caused an unprecedented revolution in growth of vehicles all over the world. This study presents, grade separation (over bridge) is... more

The urban traffic congestion has become a global phenomenon. Rapid urbanization and industrialization have caused an unprecedented revolution in growth of vehicles all over the world. This study presents, grade separation (over bridge) is provide in place of at grade signalized intersection. Ahmedabad city of Gujarat state is taken as study city. Shivaranjani signalized intersection on 132 ft ring road in the city of Ahmedabad is selected as a case study intersection. Various types of data are collected such as classified volume counts, signal cycle length, green time, phase plan etc. and number of lanes, lane width, grade, lane groups etc as a part of geometric data. The flow rate, saturation flow rate and its adjustment factors, capacity, volume to capacity ratio, critical lane group volume to capacity ratio, delay for lane groups, approaches and intersection as whole and delay comparison with level of service are calculated. This study proves that shivaranjani intersection must be required to convert in to grade separation.

The intersection of sorted arrays problem has applications in search engines such as Google. Previous work has proposed and compared deterministic algorithms for this problem, in an adaptive analysis based on the encoding size of a... more

The intersection of sorted arrays problem has applications in search engines such as Google. Previous work has proposed and compared deterministic algorithms for this problem, in an adaptive analysis based on the encoding size of a certificate of the result (cost analysis). We define the alternation analysis , based on the nondeterministic complexity of an instance. In this analysis we prove that there is a deterministic algorithm asymptotically performing as well as any randomized algorithm in the comparison model. We define the redundancy analysis , based on a measure of the internal redundancy of the instance. In this analysis we prove that any algorithm optimal in the redundancy analysis is optimal in the alternation analysis, but that there is a randomized algorithm which performs strictly better than any deterministic algorithm in the comparison model. Finally, we describe how these results can be extended beyond the comparison model.

Intersections are quite important and complex traffic scenarios, where the future motion of surrounding vehicles is an indispensable reference factor for the decision-making or path planning of autonomous vehicles. Considering that the... more

Intersections are quite important and complex traffic scenarios, where the future motion of surrounding vehicles is an indispensable reference factor for the decision-making or path planning of autonomous vehicles. Considering that the motion trajectory of a vehicle at an intersection partly obeys the statistical law of historical data once its driving intention is determined, this paper proposes a long short-term memory based (LSTM-based) framework that combines intention prediction and trajectory prediction together. First, we build an intersection prior trajectories model (IPTM) by clustering and statistically analyzing a large number of prior traffic flow trajectories. The prior trajectories model with fitted probabilistic density is used to approximate the distribution of the predicted trajectory, and also serves as a reference for credibility evaluation. Second, we conduct the intention prediction through another LSTM model and regard it as a crucial cue for a trajectory forecast at the early stage. Furthermore, the predicted intention is also a key that is associated with the prior trajectories model. The proposed framework is validated on two publically released datasets, next generation simulation (NGSIM) and INTERACTION. Compared with other prediction methods, our framework is able to sample a trajectory from the estimated distribution, with its accuracy improved by about 20%. Finally, the credibility evaluation, which is based on the prior trajectories model, makes the framework more practical in the real-world applications.

To find out why elderly drivers have more frequent traffic accidents on intersection than any other one, this study was conducted to examine the characteristics of elderly drivers' driving behavior on intersection using a multifaceted... more

To find out why elderly drivers have more frequent traffic accidents on intersection than any other one, this study was conducted to examine the characteristics of elderly drivers' driving behavior on intersection using a multifaceted driving behavior indicator. To do that, the driving behavior of both young adult drivers and elderly drivers were compared and analyzed, using a graphic driving simulator. As a result, compared with young adult drivers, elderly drivers showed a poor driving performance, and a high ratio of visual scanning time on the specific direction regardless of driving situation. Also, compared with young adult drivers, elderly drivers had a high overall level of arousal, and the phasic arousal activity on the specific stimulus was low. These results imply that through the intervention which induces the change in multifaceted indicators mentioned earlier, they could be helped to drive more safely on intersection.

Principality of typings is the property that for each typable term, there is a typing from which all other typings are obtained via some set of operations. Type inference is the problem of finding a typing for a given term, if possible.... more

Principality of typings is the property that for each typable term, there is a typing from which all other typings are obtained via some set of operations. Type inference is the problem of finding a typing for a given term, if possible. We define an intersection type system which has principal typings and types exactly the strongly normalizable #-terms. More interestingly, every finite-rank restriction of this system (using Leivant's first notion of rank) has principal typings and also has decidable type inference.

This chapter explores issues of social class, gender and identity on the basis of informal talk amongst adolescents. She analyses how, through which particular practices, discourses and types of knowledge, four 16-17-year old London... more

This chapter explores issues of social class, gender and identity on the basis of informal talk amongst adolescents. She analyses how, through which particular practices, discourses and types of knowledge, four 16-17-year old London private school girls position themselves in their friendship group and in their wider peer context. She shows how the girls strive to present themselves as cool, streetwise and socially aware despite their privileged backgrounds, and argues that this allows the four friends to differentiate themselves from their posh, sheltered and socially unaware classmates. The alternative private school femininities the group constructs often carry gendered connotations. Working-class femininity is indirectly presented as embarrassing and the girls’ efforts to be cool tend to go hand in hand with a positive evaluation of masculine subject positions. The chapter’s main focus is on the relevance of social class to the girls’ positioning, which is both implicit and explicit in the girls’ talk. Building on Bourdieu’s (1984; 1986) notion of cultural capital and Silverstein’s (2004) work on indexicality, Pichler examines the girls’ local positioning in relation to larger-scale socio-cultural meanings. She argues that the girls’ performance of streetwise coolness and their association with ‘real people’ constitutes a pursuit of alternative cultural capital which allows the four friends to construct their identities in opposition to an over-privileged and sheltered private school, upper middle class femininity. Pichler however concludes that this interactive display of (non-highbrow) knowledge about and participation in cultural practises (such as soft drugs use and non-mainstream music) needs to be seen in the context of the young women’s access to dominant cultural capital, including their knowledge of high culture and their private school and future university trajectories, the value of which extends well beyond the local friendship group.

From various pavement markings at intersections, direction guidance markings to guide drivers on moving directions are designed to provide guidance on turn directions for vehicles approaching the intersection; however, it is also an... more

From various pavement markings at intersections, direction guidance markings to guide drivers on moving directions are designed to provide guidance on turn directions for vehicles approaching the intersection; however, it is also an important facility carrying significances from the safety perspective at the same time. While pavement markings at intersections are indicated on the pavements of intersections and intersection approaches, it is not easy to distinguish whether a dedicated lane for left or right turn is installed based on the pavement marking design of MUTCD, and the dedicated lanes for left turn or through-and-right turn can only be noticed after reaching the intersection. If the lanes can be identified whether they are dedicated for left, right or U turn before reaching the intersection, traffic safety at intersections can also be highly elevated. Consequently, this study investigated the current status of pavement direction markings by looking into those markings in Korea, European nations and the U.S., and examined potential problems which may be caused by current pavement markings. And the study also suggested new pavement markings in order to address those potential issues at intersections. Moreover, for the purpose of improving the visibility of pavement markets, the study presented a measure applying technology where LED is placed at each arrow on the pavements. New pavement markings proposed by this study is deemed to improve visibility compared to existing pavement markings. These new markings help drivers intuitively recognize the information on the lanes for left or right turn at intersections, which is expected to improve safety throughout the entire intersections.

This research examined the changes in eye movements and Driving performance at different intersection types, as a function of age and turn type. The results showed that when making a right turn, older adult drivers tend to spend less time... more

This research examined the changes in eye movements and Driving performance at different intersection types, as a function of age and turn type. The results showed that when making a right turn, older adult drivers tend to spend less time in scanning the forward direction and more time in observing the right-side view than young adult drivers. Also older adult drivers tend to enter and exit the intersection slower than do young adult drivers. These results imply that older adult drivers are exposed to a much higher
risk of car accidents than young adult drivers at a four-way intersection. Paradoxically, the results also imply that older adult drivers tend to be more aware of unexpected situations on three-way intersections, compared to young adult drivers.
Relevance to industry: This study provides that elderly drivers are not always exposed to dangerous driving situations, but can cope more effectively in hazardous situation depending on the intersection
and turn types than young adult drivers.