Longitudinal Analysis Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Business, Economic Geography, Globalization, Innovation Policy

Studies of vowel length acquisition indicate an initial stage in which phonological vowel length is random followed by a stage in which either long vowels (without codas) or short vowels and codas are produced. To determine whether this sequence of acquisition applies to a group of German-speaking children (three children aged 1;3–2;6), monosyllabic and disyllabic words were transcribed and acoustically analysed. The results did not support a stage in which vowel length was totally random. At the first time period (onset of word production to 1;7), one child's monosyllabic productions were governed by a bipositional constraint such that either long vowels, or short vowels and codas were produced. At the second (1;10 to 2;0) and third time periods (2;3 to 2;6), all three children produced target long vowels significantly longer than target short vowels. Transcription results indicated that children experienced more difficulty producing target long than short vowels. In the discus...

- by Margaret Kehoe-Winkler
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- Acoustics, Phonology, Linguistics, First Language Acquisition

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to identify banks' strategies in turning uncertainty into opportunities.Design/methodology/approachLongitudinal analysis from 1990 until 2009 has been conducted to evidence factors affecting environmental uncertainty in the European banking industry and how banks have perceived and reacted to it.FindingsThe paper evidences banks' strategies in situations of low and medium levels of uncertainty and suggests some behavior to face a high level of crisis.Practical implicationsThe paper defines a general framework, based on banks' perception and reaction to uncertainty, that can help banks to become champions in facing the current level of uncertainty.Originality/valueThe paper presents a critical analysis of how to face the enormous increase of uncertainty that the financial sector is experiencing.

- by Rosa Caiazza
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- Economics, Perception, Foresight, Multidisciplinary
- by Marc Saez
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- Human Geography, Econometrics, Epidemiology, Evaluation

Although perceived stress has been hypothesized to be a risk factor for obesity, epidemiological studies relating stress to weight gain have shown mixed results. We examined prospective associations between perceived stress and changes in waist circumference and BMI in a large study of adolescents. As part of the Health and Behaviour in Teenagers Study (HABITS), height, weight, and waist circumference were measured annually in 4,065 adolescents aged from 11 to 16. Waist and BMI standard deviation scores (SDS) were used as indices of adiposity. Adolescents completed a measure of perceived stress each year, from which mean stress scores over the 5‐year period were also calculated and divided by tertile into lower, moderate, and higher stress. Associations between perceived stress at each year and adiposity 1–4 years later and also adiposity trajectories over the whole period in relation to mean stress were investigated. Analyses were adjusted for age, sex, ethnicity, socioeconomic dep...

- by David Boniface
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- Demography, Obesity, Adolescent, Medicine
- by Henk Volberda
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- Business, Marketing, Corporate Governance, Strategic Management

The distortion observed in fisheye cameras has proven to be a persistent challenge for numerous state-of-the-art object detection algorithms, instigating the development of various techniques aimed at mitigating this issue. This study aims to evaluate various methods for mitigating distortion in fisheye camera footage and their impact on video object detection accuracy and speed. Using Python, OpenCV, and third-party libraries, the researchers modified and optimized said methods for video input and created a framework for running and testing different distortion correction methods and object detection algorithm configurations. Through experimentation with different datasets, the study found that undistorting the image using the longitude-latitude correction with the YOLOv3 object detector provided the best results in terms of accuracy (PASCAL: 68.9%, VOC-360: 75.1%, WEPDTOF: 15.9%) and speed (38 FPS across all test sets) for fisheye footage. After measuring the results to determine the best configuration for video object detection, the researchers also developed a desktop application that incorporates these methods and provides real-time object detection and tracking functions. The study provides a foundation for improving the accuracy and speed of fisheye camera setups, and its findings can be valuable for researchers and practitioners working in this field.

- by IJAAS Journal
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- Cameras, Longitudinal Analysis, Mitigation, Video Object
- by Damien Bricard
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- Psychology, Separation, Life course, France
- by Carolina Reid
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- Business, Economics
- by Oscar Veiga
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- Geography, Nutrition and Dietetics, Obesity, Overweight

Die Frage, wie man sozialen Wandel in sozial- und erziehungswissenschaftlichen Untersuchungen erforschen kann, ist besonders dann aus methodischer Sicht brisant, wenn erwartet werden kann, daß für das Phänomen des Wandels sowohl historisch-gesellschaftliche als auch intraindividuelle Aspekte eine Rolle spielen. Dies ist im Bereich des Wertewandels der Fall: Hier lassen sich sowohl Thesen zur Alterskorreliertheit von Wertewandel ("Je älter der Mensch, desto konservativer") als auch historisch-gesellschaftliche Thesen ("Wirtschaftliche Krisen führen in reichen Gesellschaften zu einem Rückzug auf konservative Sicherheitswerte") plausibel vorbringen. Alle Studien, die beide Aspekte erforschen wollen, müssen zwingend als Längsschnittstudien organisiert sein. Sollen beide Aspekte systematisch voneinander getrennt werden, sind mehrere zu verschiedenen Zeitpunkten begonnene Längsschnittstudien an altersheterogenen Stichproben notwendig. Der Beitrag diskutiert anhand von ...

- by Klaus Boehnke
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- Sociology, Education, Humanities, Political Science

Der Beitrag geht der Frage nach, wie sich Ortsidentität(en) von Ost-und Westberliner Jugendlichen zwischen 1991 und 1993 intraindividuell entwickelt und interindividuell verändert haben. Ortsidentität wird dabei verstanden als relativ stabile emotional-kognitive Bindung an die Stadt Berlin einschließlich des daraus erwachsenden Verhaltens im Aktionsraum Stadt. Neun Vorannahmen zu Geschlechts- und Stadtteilunterschieden sowie zeitbezogenen Veränderungen werden in fünf Teilstudien der Ost-West-Jugendstudie Berlin empirisch geprüft: In Varianzanalysen werden Daten von Siebt-und Neuntkläßlern aus den Jahren 1991 und 1993 in einer Längsschnittstudie, zwei Querschnittstudien und zwei Zeitwandelstudien miteinander verglichen. Die Befunde zeigen, daß sich emotional-kognitive Bindungen an Berlin zwischen 1991 und 1993 nur geringfügig verändert haben, daß eine positive Bindung an Berlin aber nur bei Westberliner Jungen zu konstatieren ist, während Mädchen und Ostberliner Jugendliche Berlin eh...

- by Klaus Boehnke
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- Education, Humanities, Social Sciences, Political Science
- by Richard Felson
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- Marketing, Psychology, Cognitive Science, Social Psychology
- by carles falcon
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- Medicine, Longitudinal Analysis, Precuneus, Fractional Anisotropy
- by Birgit Eickelmann
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- Education, Information Literacy, Educational Research, Computer Literacy
- by David Manley
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- Human Geography, Economics, Economic Inequality, Urban And Regional Planning

Global issues have emphasized the importance of training effectiveness as the essence of developing and managing quality human resources. Hence, to reinforce the management and implementation of national public policy for Malaysia, an easier way of measuring training effectiveness should be determined. Unfortunately, the information of psychometric properties for general instrument to measure training effectiveness was limited. Therefore, the objective of this article is to discuss research findings on constructing a valid and reliable instrument to measure training effectiveness or the development of General Training Effectiveness Scale (GTES). Research was done through three studies including jury validation, pilot study, and actual study*. The development of GTES’s psychometric properties have included face validity, content validity, and constructs validity (including convergent, discriminant and nomological validity), as well as reliability and construct reliability. Data was a...

- by Siti Fardaniah Abdul Aziz
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- by Daniela Marotta
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- Economics, Poverty, Rural Poverty, Panel Data
- by Mario Diani
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- Social Movements, Psychology, Collective Action, Personal networks
- by Domingo Martin Martin
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- Economics, Poverty, Human Capital, Panel Data

SummaryMany employees in modern, knowledge‐based organizations are concurrently involved in more than one team at the same time. This study investigated whether a within‐person change in such individual multiple team membership (MTM) may precede and may be predicted by changes in an employee's overall job performance. We examined this reciprocal relationship using longitudinal archival data from a large knowledge‐intensive organization, comprising 1,875 employees and spanning 5 consecutive years. A latent change score model demonstrated that an increase in an employee's MTM was associated with a subsequent decrease in his or her overall job performance evaluations. By contrast, an increase in job performance was associated with a subsequent increase in an employee's MTM. Moreover, our results indicated that although an increase in an individual employee's MTM initially decreases his or her job performance, in the long run, this increase in MTM was associated with hig...

- by Gerben van der Vegt
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- Organizational Behavior, Psychology, Social Networks, Conservation
- by Patrício Costa
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- Cognition, Aging, Vitamin D, Medicine
- by Mendez Olivia
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- Child Development, Biology, Developing Countries, Health

Though many congregations structure youth ministry programs to foster desired religious and social outcomes, questions remain regarding whether participation in religious‐based youth programs is beneficial for the youth involved. Studies show that religion typically results in positive life outcomes for youth, but less is known about the causal mechanisms through which religion makes a difference in their lives. Data analyzed are from two waves of the National Study of Youth and Religion (NSYR). This article examines the effect of youth participation on adult support, church connections, and moral values. A multivariate analysis with lagged dependent variables indicates some effects of youth group participation as well as self‐selection processes.

- by Patricia Snell Herzog
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- Religion, Sociology, Sociology of Religion, Social Psychology

Background: Overweight and obesity in children and adolescents are pressing global public health concerns, including in Pakistan, where prevalence rates are rising. The long-term health implications of these conditions underscore the need for targeted interventions during childhood and adolescence and periods when health behaviors are strongly influenced by external factors such as school, neighborhood, peers, and family. Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between physical activity (PA), physical education (PE), and overweight/ obesity in school-aged children and adolescents (ages 9-17) in Pakistan and to investigate their impact on obesity within this population. Methods: A population-based cross-sectional study was conducted with a multistage random cluster sample of 4108 school-aged children and adolescents from seven districts in Punjab, Pakistan. Overweight and obesity were assessed using World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Statistical analyses, including χ 2 tests, Pearson correlation, linear regression, and logistic regression, were performed to examine the predictive characteristics and the impact of covariates on dichotomous outcomes. Statistical significance was set at p<0:05, with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: The study included 4108 students (mean age = 13.92 years, 59.3% boys). The prevalence of obesity was 10.7% and overweight was 19.4%. A significant portion of students-83.8% of girls and 70.0% of boys-did not engage in at least 60 min of moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) on more than 2 days per week. Urban students (79.2%) and those in private schools (79.3%) were particularly inactive. PA two times a week or less was strongly associated with higher obesity risk (OR: 3.47, 95% CI: 2.28-5.30, p<0:001). Conclusion: This study underscores the critical need to enhance PA opportunities in schools and communities in Pakistan, particularly for girls, to address the rising rates of overweight and obesity.

- by Moazzam Tanveer and +1
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- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Childhood Obesity and Overweight

The benefits of physical activity are immense and indisputable; however, the inclusion of Physical Education Activity Programs (PEAP) within the college setting, specifically the University Undergraduate Core Curriculum, is largely disregarded and viewed as unnecessary. Increased physical activity has shown to have a positive relationship throughout the human development process. Health promotion programs should target people of all ages, since the risk of chronic disease starts in childhood and increases with age. In addition to the physical activity benefits associated with human development, decrease disease rate, and extended lifespan, physical activity has also been thoroughly researched and documented to have positive effects on academic achievement. Despite the evidence identified through the results of the research, PEAP at the college level are consistently being ignored and removed from university undergraduate core curriculum. The purpose for university exclusion of PEAP is unknown; however, addressing the gap within the literature may provide justification for re-installment; research has not yet identified the impact of PEAP on the academic achievement of undergraduate students. A positive outcome could be gained by increasing the curricular value of compulsory PK-12 health and physical education requirements.

- by Colin G . Pennington
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- Physical Activity, Physical Education, Academic achievement
- by Denisa Mendonça
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- Demography, Adolescent, Medicine, Linear models
- by Todd Ellenbecker
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- Strength & Conditioning, Medicine, Longitudinal Analysis, Range of Motion
- by Leo Heyndrickx
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- Engineering, Chemistry, Biology, Medicine
- by Frans Coenen
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- Public Management, Environmental policy, Political Science, Sustainable Development

Background Research indicates that cachexia is common among persons with chronic illnesses and is associated with increased morbidity and mortality. However, there continues to be an absence of a uniformed disease-specific definition for cachexia in chronic kidney disease (CKD) patient populations. Objective The primary objective was to identify cachexia in patients receiving haemodialysis (HD) using a generic definition and then follow up on these patients for 12 months. Method This was a longitudinal study of adult chronic HD patients attending two hospital HD units in the UK. Multiple measures relevant to cachexia, including body mass index (BMI), muscle mass [mid-upper arm muscle circumference (MUAMC)], handgrip strength (HGS), fatigue [Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy (FACIT)], appetite [Functional Assessment of Anorexia/Cachexia Therapy (FAACT)] and biomarkers [C-reactive protein (CRP), serum albumin, haemoglobin and erythropoietin resistance index (ERI)] were ...

- by John Mallett
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- Medicine, Internal Medicine, Longitudinal Analysis, Haemodialysis
- by Marios Michaelides
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- Economics, Unemployment, Population, Demographic economics

Trotz fehlender empirischer Befundlage wird pädagogischen Vorerfahrungen vor Studienbeginn erhebliche Relevanz für die Studienwahl u.a. in Lehramtsstudiengängen zugesprochen, die häufig mit entsprechenden Vergünstigungen einhergeht. Ebenso lässt sich kaum eine Aussage darüber treffen, ob sich solche Vorerfahrungen in der Motivstruktur angehender Lehrkräfte widerspiegeln. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie weisen darauf hin, dass kein direkter Einfluss pädagogischer Vorerfahrungen, erfasst durch den Erfolg und die darin empfundene Freude, auf die Berufswahlmotivation und -intention vorliegt. Die Rechtfertigung der hohen Gewichtung pädagogischer Vorerfahrungen in universitären Auswahlverfahren sollte daher kritisch überprüft werden. (DIPF/Orig.)

- by Ewald Kiel
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- Education, Germany, Joy, Longitudinal Analysis
- by Brian Williams
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- Biology, Population, Quantitative Method, Viral Load
- by John Chalmers
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- Economics, Global Health, Business Economics, Medicine
- by Henk Volberda
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- Business, Social Science Research Network, Exploratory Research

The Yale Journal on Regulation Vol. 9: 1, 1992 II. Union Organizing and Collective Bargaining for Hospital Employees 12 A. Unionization of Hospital Employees: Potential and Reality ... 13 B. Employment Characteristics of Pre-Designated... more

- by Winda Deskaprina
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- Economics, Collective Bargaining

A total of 108 raisers were randomly sampled and interviewed using a structured questionnaire to determine the management practices in the production of native chickens in Palawan. Correlation analysis showed that the number of chickens raised was not influenced by the respondent’s socio-demographic profile. However, the number of chickens raised were positively correlated (P<0.05) with duration of raising, feed cost and number of chickens consumed. Results showed that most raised native chickens traditionally in the range and do not provide housing but feed them twice a day with farm products and by-products by broadcasting on the ground. Drinking water is provided once a day in improvised water trough without supplementation. Selection of breeder/replacement stocks and chickens for slaughter/sale is based on body size. Majority provided adequate nests and practice random mating, natural incubation and brooding. While record keeping and vaccination were never done, few responden...

- by Rogelio V Lopez Jr
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- Animal Science, Biology, Artificial insemination
- by Janet Ransley
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- Business, Engineering, Criminology, Law
- by Alberto Felice De Toni
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- Applied Psychology, Computer Science, Economics, Technology

Although there is a robust positive association between cyber dating abuse victimization and depression, the direction of effects between them is unknown. Thus, we conducted two studies to investigate their temporal relationship. Study 1 ( n = 198) examined whether cyber dating abuse victimization predicted depressive symptoms 6 weeks later, after controlling for the initial level of depressive symptoms. Study 2 ( n = 264) used a two-wave, cross-lagged design to investigate possible bidirectional relations between cyber dating abuse victimization and depression. Participants in both studies were emerging adults in romantic relationships. They completed the Partner Cyber Abuse Questionnaire and depression subscale of the Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. Many individuals (42.40% in Study 1 and 36.4% in Study 2) reported experiencing cyber abuse from their partners. Study 1 replicated the cross-sectional association previously found between cyber dating abuse victimization and depr...

- by Frank Fincham
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- Criminology, Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Depression
- by Godwill Vegah
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- Business, Economics, Reference, The Internet
- by Julie Welkowitz
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- Psychology, Mental Health, Linguistics, Medicine
- by Wilbur Scott
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- Geography

We assessed the association between intimate partner violence (IPV) and union disruption (divorce or separation) in the rural Ugandan setting of Rakai District. We analyzed longitudinal data collected from April 1999 to June 2006, from 6834 women (15-49 years) living in 50 communities in Rakai. Participants were either officially married, traditionally married or in a consensual union during one or more surveys and completed at least one follow-up survey. The primary outcome was union disruption through divorce or separation from the primary sexual partner. Past year IPV ranged from 6.49 % (severe physical abuse) to 31.99 % (emotional abuse). Severe physical IPV was significantly associated with divorce/separation, after adjusting for other covariates (aOR = 1.80, 95 % CI 1.01-3.22). Another predictor of union disruption was a woman having two or more sexual partners in the past year (aOR = 8.42, 95 % CI 5.97-11.89). Factors protecting against divorce/separation included an increasi...

- by JENNIFER WAGMAN
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- Psychology, Demography, Domestic Violence, Global Health

- by Joanne Reid
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- Medicine, Internal Medicine, Longitudinal Analysis, Haemodialysis
- by Boo Johansson
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- Immunology, Aging, Biology, Immunology of the Gut
- by Barbara Neis
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- Business, Information Systems, Law, Political Science
- by Stefan Schaeren
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- Treatment Outcome, Medicine, Osteoarthritis, Humans

How do teachers handle unexpected situations in music lessons, and what do pupils notice about their teachers’ planning? These questions were examined in qualitative interviews with teachers and pupils as part of a research project focusing on the adaptiveness of learning situations in the subject of music. This article outlines the main finding that teachers take into consideration learning goals, planning, their perception of the situation and the adaptation of planning. They constantly focus on their pupils’ learning process; their planning takes place in the situation. Based on their many observations, teachers try to create lessons as optimally as possible to achieve their learning goals. Often students hardly notice this cyclical process. In the course of the interviews, it became clear that flexible planning is part of adaptive teaching. (DIPF/Orig.

- by Anne Niessen
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- Education, Teacher Education, Germany, Longitudinal Analysis