Metrology Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Metrology, Temperature

Much may be inferred about item S.8391, a folding cubit rod that belonged to Kha (TT 8, 18 Dyn.), by analyzing the results of the measurement survey conducted in 2011 from the perspective of woodwork.
When Schiaparelli discovered the rod, it was folded inside a leather bag with handles. The extremely rare folding cubit rod was loved by Kha, who was the overseer of works in Deir el-Medina and its related sites, where it was in practical use. This rod folds in half with a simple bronze hinge at the center; there are absolutely no inscriptions. The carved tally marks are only rough divisions into palms and the digits, and compared with other rods, the cubit measure is somewhat long, so the rod’s precision was in doubt. However, a metrological argument concerning the differences in the values of the palms and digits is proposed based on the presumed manner in which the wooden rod was created and actually used.
The rod’s total length is 527.6mm, not greatly different from that reported by Senigalliesi in 1961. The size of each measurement interval, which Senigalliesi did not report, suggests how the rod was made. The tally marks are fine white lines; the left-hand palm is 75mm long, which is the common measurement of one palm, subdivided into four digits that vary little in size. Taking this into account, it is unthinkable that the makers lacked the ability to make tally marks accurately. The variations of values were supposedly caused by the process of creating the hinge. The center interval, including the hinge, is especially small, at (36mm + 36mm =) 72mm. For example, if we assume a play of about 3mm, a commonly used value, the center interval would become (36mm + 36mm) + 3mm = 75mm. The inclination of the lines and the variations in size, shown by arrows in Figure 3, indicates that tally marks were etched in the closed position. S.8391 can also be used as a half-cubit measure in a closed position, and the first palm on the left side can measure digits.
Traces of trial and error in remaking the hinge were found. In this study, I discovered that the clever hinge that makes this cubit rod possible satisfies two contradictory requirements to realize this rare folding rod. The appearance of this folding cubit rod, with no inscriptions and purely functional design, shows that it took incalculable effort to make it a prized instrument for the owner.
( JSPS KAKENHI Grant Number 26580024)

- by naoko nishimoto
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- Egyptology, Deir el-Medina, Metrology, Ancient Woodworking
- by Aurimas Jakštas
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- Engineering, Metrology, Calibration

Computer Tomography – Metrology for complex purposes. NDT and Metrology: Two worlds meet. There is an increasing demand not only to ensure the geometrical quality on the part, but also looking inside hidden structures. The speaker will introduce how computer tomography system work in general, will show up with typical applications as well as intend to build the bridge from non-distructive-testing to metrology. It will answer to the question why Yxlon International is particularly capable to provide suitable solutions.

- by Christopher Zepp
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- Metrology, Computer Tomography

Poster presented at the GMPCA's archaeometry conference in Rennes, April 2017

- by Maryline Lambert and +2
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- Archaeometry, Iron Age, Metrology, Corsican archaeology
- by vincent boly
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- Marketing, Data Mining, Metrology, Business and Management
- by Joseph Heyman
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- Signal Processing, High Pressure, Low Frequency, Signal Analysis

Laser scanning, photogrammetry, and multi-beam sonar generate millions of points within a highly complex, XYZ co-ordinate system, but in doing so, create different types of datasets and errors depending on a wide range of operational and environmental factors. As the availability of these powerful recording techniques reach ubiquity due to cost depreciations from rapid developments in advanced computing and robotics, several questions emerge when it comes to their full efficacy of use in maritime archaeology. In October and November of 2016, a team of scientists from the University of Southampton, Biscayne National Park and the University of Miami, conducted diver deployed underwater laser scans and DSLR based photogrammetry of the bow section of an early 20th century, steel-hulled schooner, "Mandalay" in Biscayne National Park, Florida. The results of this paper are part of a third case study that investigates the use of these advanced technologies/methodologies in a relatively shallow (~3.65m), clear (>5m of visibility), saline, coral reef environment, under ambient and non-ambient light conditions. The team compared the use of a mid-range (.38 – 2.5m) ULS-200 triangulation scanner developed by 2G Robotics and a D90 Nikon camera for the multi-image photogrammetry. Timings of the recordings were tabulated, data quality outputs were compared and recording accuracies were measured using a series of metrologically certified reference objects, which were used in a Phase I controlled indoor lab test that took place in 2014. The results indicate that photogrammetric capture of shipwrecks like the "Mandalay" under variable lighting conditions can render severely degraded datasets and significant spatial distortions with as much as 6cm of deviation from laser scans over a 1.2m area. However, while laser scanning has an ambient light filtration mechanism as a means of resolving subject material with some amount of light present, imagery could not be resolved with light intensities reaching 1000 lumens. Under non-ambient, near zero turbidity conditions, laser scanning provides an unprecedented amount of spatial and geometric accuracy and can be used most effectively for micro-change analytics of a shipwreck site over time. However, photogrammetry renders visually attractive textures that can be of diagnostic value to the archaeologist in light conditions where underwater laser scanning cannot function. A combination of the two datasets with capture taken at different times of the day, provides a powerful means for the researcher to gather more information compared to traditional 3D capture techniques and to formulate the most effective shipwreck preservation strategy possible for shallow water sites.

- by Michael Murray
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- Maritime Archaeology, Marine Science, Metrology

The structure and operating principles of a solar compass conceived and realised at the ENEA Laboratories in Frascati are presented. The optical design, the underlying software and the calibration procedure make this instrument a reliable, stand-alone tool with an unprecedented combination of accuracy and cost-effectiveness. In-field operation gives evidence of azimuth determination capability with an accuracy of 0.01°. Exploitation of built-in sensors of smartphones (e.g. GPS, camera, accelerometer) allowed us to move this technology to popular level, providing everybody with a cheap tool of orienteering, far superior to any magnetic compass, despite a reduced accuracy with respect to the original instrument.

- by Joseph Guarnieri
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- Mechanical Engineering, Mathematics, Applied Mathematics, Geology

An exploration of the size of the Norse Giant Ymir's Eyeball in comparison to the size of the Earth.

- by Chris Johnsen
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- Mythology (Old Norse Literature), Norse mythology, Old Norse Religion, Metrology
- by catherine q
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- Metrology, Traceability, Trazabilidad, Analytical Validation

Publication of the fragments of a hieroglyphic papyrus from the so-called Bibliotheca of the Tebtynis temple, I-II cent. A.D. It looks like an 'open' votive cubit, with its typical texts, and maintaining their divisions in 28 digits. NB:... more

- by Gloria Rosati
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- Ancient Egyptian Religion, Egyptology, Egyptian Archaeology, Graeco-Roman Egypt
- by Andrew Longstaff
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- Engineering, Technology, Manufacturing, Coordinate Measuring Machine (CMM)
- by Antonio Yován Jiménez
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- Metrology, Metrologia
- by john sheridan
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- Algorithms, Optics, Signal Processing, Holographic Interferometry

No início do século XIX os padrões de medição em uso no Brasil foram herdados dos padrões eleitos e utilizados na Metrópole, Portugal, desde a emissão das Ordenações Manuelinas, no início do século XVI. Nesse documento o rei de Portugal, Dom Manuel, estabelece os processos de fundição, distribuição e utilização de padrões de massa e volume. Os padrões eleitos eram produzidos em fundições na Inglaterra e importados para a corte, de onde eram distribuídos para as principais cidades de Portugal, a exemplo de Lisboa e Porto. O uso de tais mecanismos de controle da troca e aquisição de bens de consumo seguia diferentes tradições em outras vilas, sendo as metrópoles as principais responsáveis pela economia interna do reino-e por esse motivo fora estabelecido o cargo de supervisor, mesmo fiscal de uso de tais padrões em estabelecimentos comerciais formais, sendo eles as antigas quitandas ou mesmo as feiras de rua. A tentativa de unificação dos pesos e medidas em Portugal datava do século XV: "Todas as medidas, varas e côvados do reino obedecem a Lisboa, mantidos pelo Almotacé-mor 1 ". (DIAS, 1998). 1Funcionário de confiança dos concelhos na Idade Média (equivalente a um oficial municipal) responsável pela fiscalização de pesos e medidas e da taxação dos preços dos alimentos; sendo encarregado também da regulação da distribuição dos mesmos em tempos de maior escassez. Ocupava o cargo da Almotaçaria mensalmente e estava dependente dos governadores do concelho (vereadores, juízes e procuradores).No Brasil, no período colonial, os almotacés exerciam duplamente as funções administrativas e judiciárias, não sendo possível, na prática, a distinção de uma e outra função. Cabiam-lhes "o julgamento das infrações de postura, aferição de pesos e medidas, questões concernentes a paredes de casas, quintais, portas, janelas e eirados". In: Sandra de Mello Carneiro Miranda. [www.tjrj.jus.br/documents/10136/1029722/sandra-miranda-dissertacao.pdf Inserção e consolidação da participação de advogados no colegiado dos tribunais].

- by PATRICIA M O U R A GALLI
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- Museology, Portugal, Historia, História do Brasil

Novel techniques for laser beam atmospheric extinction measurements, suitable for manned and unmanned
aerospace vehicle applications, are presented in this paper. Extinction measurements are essential to support the
engineering development and the operational employment of a variety of aerospace electro-optical sensor systems,
allowing calculation of the range performance attainable with such systems in current and likely future applications.
Such applications include ranging, weaponry, Earth remote sensing and possible planetary exploration missions
performed by satellites and unmanned flight vehicles. Unlike traditional LIDAR methods, the proposed techniques
are based on measurements of the laser energy (intensity and spatial distribution) incident on target surfaces of
known geometric and reflective characteristics, by means of infrared detectors and/or infrared cameras calibrated for
radiance. Various laser sources can be employed with wavelengths from the visible to the far infrared portions of
the spectrum, allowing for data correlation and extended sensitivity. Errors affecting measurements performed
using the proposed methods are discussed in the paper and algorithms are proposed that allow a direct determination
of the atmospheric transmittance and spatial characteristics of the laser spot. These algorithms take into account a
variety of linear and non-linear propagation effects. Finally, results are presented relative to some experimental
activities performed to validate the proposed techniques. Particularly, data are presented relative to both ground and
flight trials performed with laser systems operating in the near infrared (NIR) at λ = 1064 nm and λ = 1550 nm.
This includes ground tests performed with 10 Hz and 20 KHz PRF NIR laser systems in a large variety of atmospheric conditions, and flight trials performed with a 10 Hz airborne NIR laser system installed on a TORNADO aircraft, flying up to altitudes of 22,000 ft.

- by Roberto Sabatini
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- Aerospace Engineering, Laser, Atmospheric Aerosols, Aerospace

Данная работа является продолжением нескольких более ранних работ автора, посвященных оценке размеров русских путевых мер длины, вёрст. В работе рассматриваются данные «Выписи из Новгородских изгонных книг» о протяженности дорог на территории бывшей Новгородской республики. На основе сопоставления этих данных с оценками протяженностей современных дорог предпринята попытка выявления тех типоразмеров версты, которыми могли пользоваться в Новгороде и его окрестностях в XV…XVII вв.
15.09.2019: статья дополнена разделом о типовых расстояниях между населенными пунктами Новгородчины.

- by Michael Current
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- Process Optimization, Raman Spectroscopy, Metrology, Annealing
- by C. Simoncini and +2
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- Acoustics, Applied Physics, Metrology, Noise
- by axel rudzinski
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- Electron Beam Lithography, Metrology, Nanolithography, Three Dimensional
- by Asa Jamting
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- Manufacturing, Health Care, Nanoparticles, Transmission Electron Microscopy

The detection of concealed weapons at a distance is a critical security issue that has been a great challenge for different imaging approaches. In this paper we discuss the use of ultrasonics in a novel way to probe for metallic and... more

- by mark mckenna
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- Signal Processing, High Pressure, Low Frequency, Signal Analysis

Laser (profile) scanners (LS) have been widely used in industry for 3D shape measurement. However, commercially available scanners are costly. They are also less flexible as the components of the device are permanently fixed in a sealed housing, whereas altering setup geometry can improve the device’s height resolution. This paper describes the design and construction of a LS setup from generic off-the-shelf components; a digital camera, laser line module, optical bandpass filter and a machine vision library software for image to 3D point cloud conversion. The performance of the setup is assessed by measuring a set of step height samples ranging from 50 μm to 1 mm. LS measurement performance is determined by comparing measurements of the step heights with those taken from a Coordinate Measurement Machine (CMM). Average measurement difference between the setup and CMM is 20.29 μm with repeatability of 0.60 μm. The highest percentage error for the smallest tested step height suggests ...

- by suhufa alfarisa
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- Metrology
- by Gui Yun tian
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- Engineering, Plasticity, Heat Treatment, Nondestructive testing

The two Turkish baths in Elbasan have been object of a remarkable survey as part of a vast international research. The original system of the two public baths dates back to the mid-sixteenth century. In the Albanian typology of the hammam, the various environments of increasing temperatures are located along a longitudinal axis ending in the cistern area where the

- by Marco Giorgio bevilacqua
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- Applied Mathematics, Architecture, History of architecture, Metrology

MATUS, Dominik a Radek RYŠÁNEK. Nostitzův chebský kabinet ze zámku Jaroměřice. In Kateřina Cichrová. Nábytek s příběhy. Národní památkový ústav, územní památková správa v Českých Budějovicích, 2021. s. 8–55. ISBN 978-80-87890-34-9.
MATUS, Dominik, Radek RYŠÁNEK, Karolína DOBIÁŠKOVÁ a Klaudia MIKULOVÁ. Flámský kabinet z Rájce nad Svitavou. In Kateřina Cichrová. Nábytek s příběhy. Národní památkový ústav, územní památková správa v Českých Budějovicích, 2021. s. 128–169. ISBN 978-80-87890-34-9.

- by Dominik Matus and +1
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- Art Conservation, Metrology, Furniture History, 16th and 17th century Dutch and Flemish Art
- by Carolina Rodriguez
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- Metrology

In an industry where products, in this case gem materials, are traded and valued by their weight, it is critical to fully understand the multitude of units out there, especially if interpreting antique or foreign descriptions, and how... more

- by Rui Galopim de Carvalho
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- Gemology, Jewellery, Metrology, Ancient Weights

Αντικείµενο της εργασίας είναι η µελέτη της χωροταξικής κατανοµής των συνοικιών της Θεσσαλονίκης από τον 15 ο ως τις αρχές του 20 ου αιώνα. Στη µακραίωνη ιστορία της πόλης, ιδιαίτερα σηµαντικός ήταν ο ρόλος του εθνικού και θρησκευτικού παράγοντα, ως αποτέλεσµα της πολυπολιτισµικής σύνθεσης του αστικού χώρου (16 ος – 20 ος αιώνας). Ως εκ τούτου, η χωροθέτηση των συνοικιών της, όπως αυτή οριστικοποιήθηκε κατά τους τελευταίους αιώνες της οθωµανικής κυριαρχίας, αντανακλούσε σε σαφή όρια τα εθνοτικά και θρησκευτικά χαρακτηριστικά των κατοίκων της. Ο βυζαντινός χαρακτήρας των συνοικιών της Θεσσαλονίκης προ της άλωσης, διατηρήθηκε ως τα τέλη του 17 ου αι. οπότε και αρχίζει να καταγράφεται η σαφής χωροθέτηση των εβραϊκών συνοικιών στον ιστό της πόλης. Οι 11 αρχικές συνοικίες της Θεσσαλονίκης κατά τον 15 ο αι., σταδιακά αυξήθηκαν σε 71 συνοικίες κατά τα τέλη του 19 ου αι. Οι µουσουλµάνοι ήταν συγκεντρωµένοι στα βόρεια υψώµατα της πόλης, οι Εβραίοι στην περιοχή νότια της Εγνατίας, και οι Έλληνες καταλάµβαναν την ανατολική περιοχή του κέντρου, πλαισιώνοντας την Καµάρα και το Ιπποδρόµιο. Είχε ήδη διαµορφωθεί η περιοχή της Αγοράς, όπως και η περιοχή του Ιστιρά (Αγορά του λιµανιού) στη θέση των σηµερινών Λαδάδικων. Μέσω των εργαλείων του γεωπληροφοριακού συστήµατος, προκύπτει ότι από τον 16 ο αι. ως τις αρχές του 20 ου αι. η συνολική έκταση των ελληνικών συνοικιών συρρικνώθηκε δραµατικά, καταλαµβάνοντας µόλις το 18% της συνολικής έκτασης της πόλης. Αντίθετα, τόσο οι τουρκικές όσο και οι εβραϊκές συνοικίες αύξησαν εντυπωσιακά την έκτασή τους, καθώς οι µουσουλµάνοι καταλάµβαναν το σύνολο σχεδόν της Άνω πόλης και οι Εβραίοι επεκτάθηκαν στη θέση παλαιότερων κεντρικών χριστιανικών και µουσουλµανικών συνοικιών. Η µεγάλη πυρκαγιά του 1917 κατέστρεψε περίπου το 24% των τουρκικών και των ελληνικών συνοικιών, και το 89% των εβραϊκών συνοικιών. Η περιοχή της Αγοράς καταστράφηκε σε ποσοστό περίπου 81% ενώ η αγορά του Ιστιρά σε ποσοστό περίπου 12%. Μετά την ανοικοδόµηση της Θεσσαλονίκης, σταδιακά τα όρια των παλαιών συνοικιών καταργήθηκαν καθώς ατόνησαν οι χωροθετηµένοι εθνοτικοί διαχωρισµοί. Oι 16 σηµερινές ενορίες του κέντρου της Θεσσαλονίκης αποτελούν διοικητική µετεξέλιξη των συνοικιών των αρχών του 20 ου αι. Οι περισσότερες από αυτές έχουν διατηρήσει τα ονόµατα των παλαιών χριστιανικών συνοικιών, "δανεισµένα" από την κύρια εκκλησία της περιοχής. Το χαρακτηριστικό αυτό αποτελεί και το µόνο κοινό στοιχείο µε την πρότερη κατάσταση, καθώς τα όρια των σηµερινών ενοριών έχουν διαµορφωθεί αποκλειστικά σύµφωνα µε διοικητικές διαδικασίες.

- by Tomasz Wojciechowski
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- Engineering, Technology, Microstructure, Scanning Electron Microscopy
- by Vitali Bartash
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- Assyriology, Ancient Near East, Sumerology, Metrology, Weights and Measures
- by Maurizio Bettinelli
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- Metrology

This article deals with data inscribed on Ancient Egyptian cubit rods, and more specifically on the ceremonial cubit rods. Following a description of their technical and symbolic aspects, the paper reveals a property of the fine subdivisions engraved on the graduated part of these objects, and demonstrates that they could have allowed the cubits to be used as very accurate measuring rulers for architectural drawings and craft works.
See also animations available at http://www.egyptian-architecture.com/JAEA1/JAEA1_Monnier_Petit_Tardy

- by Franck Monnier
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- Egyptology, Egyptian Science, Ancient Science, Ancient Egyptian Architecture
- by Samir Lemeš
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- Metrology
- by Matias Rossi
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- Metrology
- by Frank Siewert
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- Synchrotron Radiation, Metrology, X-Ray Optics, LTP

Objectives • Understand and appreciate the importance of basic principles of traditional material removal processes. • Understand the application of those principles in practice. • To understand the principles of metrology and measurements, methods of measurement and its application in manufacturing industries. Module I (12 hours) Conventional Machining Processes Turning machines:-Types-method of holding work and tool, accessories, attachments-operations and types of tools for each operation-tool room lathe-duplicating lathe-Capstan and Turret lathe – knurling-Drilling:-types of drilling machines-types of drills-nomenclature of drill point-drill wear-types of chip breakers-cutting forces in drilling-Boring:-types of boring machines, tool geometry-counterboring, spot facing, countersinking, trepanning – Reaming:-types of reamers-tool nomenclature-cutting forces-tool materials and surface roughness obtainable in each operations. Shaping, planing and slotting machines:-Types and specifications-quick return motion-hydraulic feed and its advantages-automatic feed-speed, feed and depth of cut-work holding devices-types of operation and examples of work done-shaping of V-blocks, planing of guide gibs, slotting of keyways – Broaching:-basic process-different cutting elements – force required for broaching and strength of broach – tool materials and surface roughness obtainable in each operations.

- by Abdullah Baba
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- Metrology
- by Marcelo Trivi
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- Mechanical Engineering, Metrology, Interferometry, Applied Optics
- by ricardo zucchini
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- Analytical Chemistry, Physical Chemistry, Metrology

Эта книга посвящена традиционной русской метрологии, конкретно - мерам длины.
Вершки, локти, аршины и сажени... Каковы были их типоразмеры и имена собственные? Где и когда они применялись? Как попали на Русь?
"Система русских саженей": был ли такой феномен в действительности?
Отдельный разговор о верстах: сколько типоразмеров русской версты применялось на практике? Где и когда? Почему?
Ответы на эти и многие другие вопросы вы найдете в этой книге.