Public expenditure Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

This paper uses data from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) to empirically test Wagner's Law in explaining public expenditure growth in association with economic growth; and if this growth enhanced the public welfare. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA) has witnessed a marked increase in government expenditure. We use the Engle and Granger (E-G) two-step cointegration method to examine the relationship between government expenditure and economic growth. Out of the four model specifications that we have tested, two models indicate that a positive long run relationship exists between government expenditure and economic growth. However, the income elasticities are not large enough to suggest that the growth in government expenditure exceeds the growth in national income; only that upward pressure is exerted. Looking at available data it is clear that governmental expenditures from GDP expansions increased public welfare for Saudis over the test period.

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- Economics, Econometrics, Economic Growth, Applied Economics
- by Gabriella Legrenzi
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- Public Finance, Public expenditure, Government expenditure, Public spending
- by Emanuele Baldacci
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- Health Care, Income Distribution, Public expenditure, Household Consumption
- by Monica Violeta Achim
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- Finance, Economics, Development Economics, Macroeconomics
- by Dennis Coates
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- Public expenditure, Sport, Sports, Sports economics

This paper assesses farming eco-efficiency using Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) techniques. Eco-efficiency scores at both farm and environmental pressure-specific levels are computed for a sample of Spanish farmers operating in the rain-fed agricultural system of Campos County. The determinants of eco-efficiency are then studied using truncated regression and bootstrapping techniques. We contribute to previous literature in this field of research

- by Guadalupe Nieves
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- Social Security, Public expenditure, Working, Hacienda Pública

In this paper, we provide first evidence of the impact of public and private expenditures in health and education on economic growth, via their influence on people's health, skills and knowledge. We consider a growth accounting framework in order to test whether countries that devote a larger amount of resources to the consumption of health and educational services experience higher growth rates. We also test whether the effects on economic growth of public expenditure in health and education differ from those of private expenditure. Our empirical analysis is based on a panel of 19 OECD countries observed between 1971 and 1998. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that health and education expenditure affects positively growth. The estimated impact is stronger for health than for education. More importantly, we find some evidence that public expenditure influences GDP growth more than private expenditure.

- by Sergio Beraldo
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- Economic Growth, Health Education, Health, Applied Economics
- by Johannes Fedderke
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- Development Economics, Economic Growth, Emerging Economies, Economic policy
- by Zaidi Sattar
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- Human Geography, Development, Applied Economics, Public expenditure
- by Benjamin Aryee
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- Technology transfer, Public expenditure, Economy, Resource Curse
- by Mukaramah Harun
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- Economic Growth, Economic Development, Fiscal policy, Income Distribution
- by Lars Feld
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- Political Culture, Economic policy, Direct Democracy, Applied Economics
- by B. Ravikumar
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- Economic Theory, Applied Economics, Public expenditure, Public Capital

Page 1. Keeping Public Institutions Invested in Tobacco Nathaniel Wander Ruth E. Malone ABSTRACT. Increasingly through the 1990s, tobacco control advocates questioned the practice of public insti-tutions investing in tobacco company... more

- by Nathaniel Wander and +1
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- Marketing, Business Ethics, Applied Ethics, Social Policy

Based on a cross-country comparative analysis, the efficiency of public education in Kuwait has been examined. The analysis indicates that compared to countries with comparable incomes, the overall level of public expenditure on education in Kuwait is not excessive. While the returns to investment in education are reasonably high and are comparable to those in other countries, internal inefficiencies exist within the public education system. Some of the specific inefficiencies are low spending on textbooks and teaching materials, short length of the school year, a low student–teacher ratio, and a high repetition rate.

- by Othman Mohammed
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- Multidisciplinary, Public expenditure, Teaching Material, Public Education
- by Marian Cristescu
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- Public Management, Sustainable Development, Public sector, Public expenditure
- by Pratap Ranjan Jena
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- Public expenditure
- by Agbolade Otuyemi
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- Public expenditure, Developing Country, Legislation

This article presents a profile of school drop-out in Cameroon at the level of General Secondary Education. It rests on an expanded production function version to estimate a logistic model of the determinants of school drop-out, taking into account the marginal effects of explaining variables. The analysis of descriptive statistics and econometric estimations on data obtained from the Ministry of the Economy and Finance in 2004, in order to track public expenditure (the public expenditure tracking survey, PETS), led to the following findings : i) The drop-out rate from government schools is higher than that from private schools ; ii) the drop-out rate is higher in rural areas than in urban areas ; iii) there is not a significant difference between boys and girls as concerns dropping out of school ; iv) the family background and individual characteristics of the learner (namely, age) appear to be the main significant determinants of school drop-out.

- by NOUMBA ISSIDOR
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- Public expenditure, Production Function, Private Schools, Logistic Model

Urbanization phenomenon has been widely discussed recently with the regard to the rapid growth of world population. The relative importance of fiscal variables among the others, affected by urbanization has come into prominence as a consequence of expanding government sizes in world economies. In this context, we aim to examine the impact of urbanization on the government expenditure indicating the government size by the means of static and dynamic panel data analysis over the 1990-2012 period for 44 developing countries. Keywords: urbanization, government expenditure, panel data analysis An Empirical Overview on the Urbanization and Government Expenditure Policies in Developing Countries Kentleşme olgusu dünya nüfusundaki hızlı artışa bağlı olarak son yıllarda sıklıkla tartışılan bir konudur. Kentleşmenin etkilediği çok sayıda değişken içerisinde mali değişkenlerin göreli önemi dünya ekonomilerinde kamu hacmindeki artışa bağlı olarak ön plana çıkmaktadır. Bu çerçevede çalışmamızın amacı, kentleşmenin kamu büyüklüğünün bir göstergesi olarak kamu harcamaları üzerindeki etkisinin statik ve dinamik panel veri analizi yöntemleriyle 44 gelişmekte olan ülke açısından 1990-2012 dönem aralığı için ampirik olarak incelenmesidir. Anahtar Kelimeler: kentleşme, kamu harcamaları, panel veri analizi

- by Çağrı Esener
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- Local Government, Fiscal policy, Urbanization, Panel Data
- by A.K.M. Mamunur Rashid
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- Climate Change, Local Government, Public expenditure, Policy Review
- by Dawit Tesega
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- Monetary Economics, Health Care, Time Series, Economic Growth
- by Mihaela Iacob
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- Higher Education, Public expenditure, Tertiary Education, Point of View

The study has been carried out to measure the incidence of government spending on education in Pakistan at the provincial (both rural and urban) level, using the primary data of the Pakistan Social Standard Living Measures Survey (PSLM), 2004-2005, and by employing the three-step Benefit Incidence Approach methodology. The paper reviews the national policies emphasising provision of education in Pakistan,

- by Faheem Khan
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- Public sector, Public expenditure, Service provision, Rural Area

The paper documents how Nigeria’s public financial system stacks up against international standards, the better to see current institutions and their capacities in a wider perspective. It uses Public Expenditure and Financial Accountability (PEFA) framework for analysing the Nigeria's systems and processes. The purpose is not to demonstrate that Nigeria falls short of international best practice, but rather to show

- by Lev Freinkman
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- Financial management, Public expenditure, Financial System, Best practice
- by Cristian Ioan
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- Public Finance, Arsenic, Economic Development, Public expenditure
- by Zahid Bhatti
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- Development Economics, Economic Growth, Emerging Economies, Economic policy

Foreign aid represents an important source of finance in most countries in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), where it supplements low savings, narrow export earnings and thin tax bases. In recent years the donor community has become more stringent about fiscal discipline and good policies, which has led to freezing of donor funds to governments that do not conform with aid conditionalities. The Kenyan government has experienced such aid cuts in the past and this paper uses a welfare utility maximization function to explore how government expenditure responds to fluctuations in aid flows. The empirical results indicate that the flow of foreign aid does influence government spending patterns. There is a positive and statistically significant relationship between the share of government expenditure in gross domestic product (GDP) and the share of net disbursement of overseas development assistance (ODA). While the study finds relatively little evidence that aid leads to tax relief, there are s...

- by james njeru
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- Finance, Economics, Foreign Aid, Public expenditure
- by Guido Pellegrini
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- Regional policy, Economic policy, Economic Development, Regional development

América Latina se ha caracterizado históricamente por el sesgo procíclico de su política fiscal en su conjunto y también del gasto público y el gasto social, con excepciones puntuales. Este sesgo procíclico ha sido más marcado en las fases recesivas del ciclo económico, lo que representa un llamado de atención en el contexto actual de menor dinamismo del crecimiento económico mundial y regional. Pese al progresivo esfuerzo, principalmente desde mediados de la década pasada, por proteger el gasto social frente al ciclo económico, es importante que los países potencien el sesgo contracíclico de su política fiscal. Para ello se debe reforzar la institucionalidad fiscal (mediante marcos fiscales plurianuales, planificación y presupuestación con enfoque de resultados) e incorporar los indicadores cíclicamente ajustados en la gestión pública. Pero también, se hace imperiosa la necesidad de proteger, bajo la forma de políticas y programas prioritarios, el núcleo duro del gasto social.

- by Varinia Tromben
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- Public expenditure, Social Expenditures
- by Elena Bajan
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- Public expenditure, Economic Crisis, Growth rate
- by Bruce Johnstone
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- Education, Higher Education, East Africa, Public sector

In the scientific literature, there are two opposing views on the relationship between public expenditure and economic growth. The Keynesian view states that public expenditure is an exogenous factor that influences economic growth and can be used as a policy instrument. This point of view is in contrast to the Wagner view that the public expenditure is seen as an endogenous factor or an outcome, not a cause, of economic growth. The primary objective of this study is to test the views of Keynes's versus Wagner's in the case of Kosovo by using Public Expenditure (G), Gross Domestic Product and three other components of GDP: Foreign Direct Investment (FDi), Export (eXP) and Total Budget Revenue (Trtax); the variables used in this analysis are quarterly time series data spanning from 2004–2016. To accomplish the set objectives, the Johansen co-integrated technique is used to investigate the long-run relationship between public expenditure and economic growth, while the Granger cau-sality test is used to know the direction of flow between variables. This study discovers that there is a unidirectional causality between government expenditures and economic growth in Kosovo. It is also found that there is a bidi-rectional causality between total budget revenue and public expenditure. On the other hand, results also provide evidence that there is a bidirectional causality between export and economic growth. Moreover, the results for Kosovo indicate that data for the period considered support the Keynesian view.

- by Alban Elshani
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- Public Finance, Economic Growth, Public expenditure, Public Expenditures
- by Lev Freinkman
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- Applied Research, Policy Analysis, Food Security, Public expenditure

Las siguientes reflexiones y propuestas formuladas desde la academia concluyen que el gasto del Estado colombiano no sólo debe hacerse más eficiente, sino que debe aumentar para financiar los bienes públicos necesarios para el desarrollo del país. El gasto fiscal en Colombia es mucho menor que el de otros países con políticas de gasto responsables, como los de la OCDE, y el crecimiento de la deuda no es alarmante. Esto implica una reforma tributaria estructural, una mayor transparencia por parte del Estado en sus decisiones y en el gasto público, la elaboración de un presupuesto plurianual y por programas, la mejora de la gestión fiscal territorial, y una mayor decisión en el combate a la corrupción.
The following reflections and proposals from the Academy concludes that the Colombian fiscal expenditure should not only be more efficient but should increase to finance public goods necessary for the development of the country. The fiscal expenditure in Colombia is much lower than in other countries with responsible spending policies, such as the other members of the OECD, and the growth of the debt is not alarming. This implies a structural tax reform, greater transparency in government decisions and in public expenditure, the elaboration of a multi-year budget organized by programs, the improvement of the territorial fiscal management, and a major decision in the combat against corruption.

- by Carlo Tassara
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- Public Finance, Public Administration, Social Policy, Colombia

Downloadable! La calidad de la educación es uno de los principales determinantes del crecimiento económico y el desarrollo. El principal objetivo del presente documento es evaluar si la doble jornada escolar tiene efectos negativos sobre... more

- by Leonardo Bonilla
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- Economic Growth, Public expenditure, Academic Performance, Quality of Education
- by George Tridimas
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- Econometrics, Applied Economics, Public expenditure, Instrumental Variable

The aim of this paper is to analyze the determinants of public health expenditure in developing countries. This is done through an econometric analysis of panel data for 61 countries. A special interest is devoted to the role of external financial constraints, on corruption and on two aspects of the socio-politic situation : socio-politic unrest and ethnic structure. By highlighting

- by Martine Audibert
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- Population Health, Resource Allocation, Public Health, Panel Data

General government activity in the field of education has recently assumed new interest due to the importance of two analytical objectives: a) the existence of substitution or complementary processes between public and private expenditure in education; b) the importance of public expenditure in the fields of education, health etc. in economic development. Between 1861 and 1913, statistical information regarding Italian expenditure in education at local (provincial and municipal) level is particularly scarce and there is none at all on expenditure at local level for a number of periods. The reconstruction of missing data for regressors has been carried out by NIPALS algorithm (Non-linear estimation by Iterative PArtial Least Square) which calculates Principal Component Analysis (PCA) even when there are missing data. The reconstructed data have allowed improvement of the informative set and the lines of interpretation of General Government action in education. Our data confirm the id...

- by Luca Sessa
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- Public Economics, Fiscal policy, Applied Economics, Bayesian estimation

An important method of managing resources to finance consistent and balanced human development lies in the reprioritisation of current expenditure in accordance with the urgent needs and shortfalls in particular areas. Such reprioritisation should also lead the states to a better macroeconomic future, through improvements in key areas. The key issue then is: what scope is there for reallocating public expenditures at the state level to finance increased attention to human development? To provide some empirical content to this discussion, the authors try to develop an objective method for reprioritisation of public expenditure in this paper. The suggested framework may be taken to yield a benchmark for any prescription for expenditure reallocation. [NIPFP WP]

- by Krishanu Karmakar
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- Economics, Public Finance, Human Development, Public expenditure

This paper is studying the degree of financial independence and decision of local authorities, in a number of transition countries in South-Eastern Europe. Our research identified the strengths and weaknesses of public finance reform, for... more

- by Duca Ioana
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- Public Finance, Comparative Study, Public expenditure, South Eastern Europe
- by Cosimo Magazzino
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- Time Series, Economic Growth, Public sector, Panel Data