Wisconsin History Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The Middle Mississippian component at Aztalan was a mixed, Late Woodland / Mississippian occupation sited within a heavily fortified habitation and mound center that is located on a tributary of the Rock River in Wisconsin. It represents the northernmost large Cahokian-related village recorded. The Oneota Lake Koshkonong Locality of the Rock River drainage is located approximately 20 km south of Aztalan, and it consists of a 25 km2 area along the northwest shore with a small cluster of habitation settlements. Sixty-eight radiocarbon measurements have been obtained from Aztalan, and 52 from Oneota settlements in the Lake Koshkonong Locality. We discuss how to best interpret this dataset, and we use Bayesian chronological modeling to analyze these dates. The results suggest that (1) Aztalan's Late Woodland (Kekoskee phase) occupation began in the AD 900s or early AD 1000s, (2) Aztalan's Mississippian occupation ceased in the AD 1200s, (3) Oneota occupations at Lake Koshkonong ...

- by and +1
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Anthropology, Environmental Archaeology

This document contains a copy of the original 1877 genealogical roll for the Red Cliff band of Chippewa Indians in Wisconsin. This roll was created by Isaac L. Mahan of the La Pointe Indian Agency. An index of names is included at the end... more

- by Genevieve G. McBride
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- Gender Studies, Women's Studies, Women's History, Gender History
- by Mila Rechcigl
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- Czech & Slovak Studies, Immigration History, Wisconsin, Wisconsin History

Annual C.C. Grafton Commemoration
Episcopal Cathedral of St. Paul, Fond du Lac, Wisconsin, August 25, 2012

A list of Winnebago Mixed-bloods entitled to payment under the treaty of November 1, 1837.

After the US Civil War, James D. Williams, a former slave, took refuge with the 11th Wisconsin Infantry and migrated north with a Welsh immigrant veteran, settling in the Welsh Settlement near Rewey, Wisconsin. This article discusses both how the antislavery cause made the Welsh receptive to Williams's presence, and also recognizes the racism he likely experienced. Also considered is Williams's place in the wider context of Black history in Southwestern Wisconsin and the relationship between Wales, Welsh Americans and the African diaspora.

- by Robert Humphries
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- Slavery, Race and Ethnicity, Black History, Wisconsin History

In 1873 George Ott committed his wife Dr. Anna B. Ott, a physician with a nearly twenty-year practice, to the Wisconsin State Hospital for the Insane. She remained there until her death in 1893. By diagnosing Ott with mania, state hospital physicians created and reinforced geographical boundaries on her daily activities, lessened her already limited legal rights, restricted her future, and rewrote her past. Despite wealth, whiteness, and a professional career, a diagnosis of mania and its resulting institutionalization reduced Ott to an easily dismissed and ultimately ridiculed madwoman. Ableism profoundly and variously shaped her life and the lives of others institutionalized alongside her, but it is only a part of a complicated tangle of marital violence, patriarchy, disreputable womanhood, and money and the state-building efforts of settler colonialism of Wisconsin in the last half of the nineteenth century. This essay uses the example of Ott to urge that scholars reckon seriously with the theoretical and practical messiness of human lives and the historical forces in which they live.

Brewing has been an important part of Wisconsin’s culture and economy since the first settlers arrived in the early 1800s. Like much of the country, Wisconsin brewers experienced a spatial shift in accordance with the industry’s technology. Starting with many brewers each serving local markets, developments in beer preservation, packaging and transport allowed certain Wisconsin brewers to seize opportunities for expanded market areas. The enlarged economies of scale achieved by these larger brewers provided a competitive advantage that slowly put smaller operations out of business. By the mid-20th Century, brewing had largely become a national enterprise with fewer local or regional players. Though its market share remained limited, the craft brewing movement represented a reversal of this trend, both nationally and in Wisconsin. Like the early brewers who had settled the state, these new Wisconsin breweries were focused on achieving an economy of scale by developing a local market of consumers.

- by Andrew Shears
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- Cultural Studies, Cultural Geography, Alcohol Studies, Beer (Alcohol Studies)

Article 4 of the treaty of October 18, 1848, with the Menominee Indians, provided for the payment of forty thousand dollars to the mixed-blood members of that tribe. A commissioner was sent to Green Bay in 1849 to complete a roll of eligible members. This roll is transcribed along with the commissioner's reports. A copy of the original roll is also included. Article 4 of the treaty of October 18, 1848, with the Menominee Indians, provided for the payment of forty thousand dollars to the mixed-blood members of that tribe. Thomas Wistar was appointed a special commissioner to make this payment. He, along with Alfred Cope, travelled to Green Bay, Wisconsin to assist the Menominee chiefs in determining who was eligible to receive a share of this payment and to create a roll all eligible members. This document contains a transcription of the roll created by Wistar along with his instructions from the Commissioner of Indian Affairs; and his two reports on his proceedings. A copy of the original roll is included.

Of the more than 3,000 photographers active in New Jersey in the nineteenth century, a number of them were itinerant camera workers at some point during their careers, operating with a horse-drawn wagon. Some photographers, especially those taking views, circulated locally even when they had a gallery where they did portraits and sold other kinds of photographs. Like many other American photographers who did not always wait for customers, John P. Doremus began working in the medium during the Civil War, when there was a strong market for portraits. Doremus is distinguished in that, for much of the latter 1870s and 1880s, he lived and worked on a floating gallery on the Mississippi River while his business back home in Paterson, Passaic County, was managed by his family. For this remarkable episode in his career, he was inducted into the National Rivers Hall of Fame in 1991. He is also exceptional in that he kept a journal in which he recorded fascinating details about his experience...

- by Gary D . Saretzky
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- Portraits, Photography, History of photography, Iowa history

Today’s traditional plant uses of the Anishinaabek (A’-nish-enaa-beck’)
American Indian culture of the Northern Great Lakes region were documented and
interpreted through botanical and cultural frameworks. The Ojibway, Odawa, and
Potawatomi tribes all consider themselves Anishinaabek, “the good people,” in their own
language dialects and were known as the “People of the Three Fires”. Here I examined a
broad range of plant usage, including medicinal plants, utility plants, ceremonial plants,
and food plants. I assessed the current status (post WWII) of traditional plant use within
seven communities and compared that to the most recent research (1910-1933). The
sample population consisted of 31 male and female elders and middle aged ceremonial
leaders of both reservation and non-reservation communities of Anishinaabek living in
Michigan, Wisconsin, and southern Ontario. Using ethnographic methods, I compared the
retention of knowledge among the seven American Indian communities, and assessed the
overall status of traditional plant knowledge of the Anishinaabek Indians through the
historical periods. The botanical and cultural data was interpreted through the framework
of traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) and ethnoecology.
ii
I identified modifications of plant use, as well as retained practices in one of the
largest North American Indian cultures. The plant families that were most utilized
according to folk species: Rosaceae (10%), Ericaceae (6.7%), Asteraceae (5.6%),
Pinaceae (5.6%), Solanaceae (4.4%), and Salicaceae (4.4%). The largest use category for
the 90 species discussed by the 31 informants was medicinal plants (57.8%), followed by
utility plants (41.1%) and food plants (41.1%), and finally ceremonial plants (27.8%).
The use values of the medicine wheel plants: sweet grass (93.5%), cultivated tobacco
(90.3%), white cedar (83.9%), and prairie sage (61.3%). The medicine wheel plants were
used by the inhabitants of the Great Lakes region dating back at least into the Middle
Woodland period (200 B.C-400 A.D). The conclusions contributed to the discussions in
political ecology and symbolism in ethnoecology. The research has implications for the
environmental policy of the Northern Great Lakes region.

- by Scott Herron and +1
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- Botany, Prehistoric Archaeology, Ethnoarchaeology, Ethnobotany

In 1902 the Potawatomi of northern Wisconsin sent a memorial to Congress claiming payment for annuities and other provisions they never received under the 1833 treaty of Chicago. Under provisions of that treaty, they were supposed to remove west of the Mississippi River. They never removed; and the Indian Office claimed that by not doing so, they forfeited their rights to payments under any provisions of the September 26, 1833 Chicago treaty.
The Potawatomi then hired a Washington D.C. attorney by the name of R.V. Belt to prosecute their claims. This action generated more interest in Washington than just a memorial submitted by a group of Indians. The result was an act passed by Congress in 1906 directing the Secretary of the Interior to investigate the Potawatomi claims and to determine what number of Indians continued to reside in Wisconsin after the treaty of 1833. He was also directed to make out a census roll of those Potawatomi.
This document includes a transcription of the census roll and agent Wooster's report.

James Duane Doty was the first judge to preside over the Additional Court of Michigan Territory when it was created in 1823. While this court introduced an alien legal system into the region west of Lake Michigan that undermined the cultural practices of both the American Indian and French metis populations, the court also acted as check on the often arbitrary dictates of the United States Army.

- by Patrick Jung
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- American Indian History, Legal History, Metis Studies, Wisconsin History

In 1919 Andrew G. Chisholm, an attorney from Ontario, compiled a list of descendants of the Wisconsin Potawatomi living in Canada. These individuals were descendants of the Potawatomi who moved from Wisconsin to Canada following the 1833 treaty of Chicago to avoid forced removal to lands west of the Mississippi River. This list is part of the records relating to claims against the U.S. Government by the Canadian branch of Wisconsin Potawatomi for annuity money never paid to them under provisions of the 1833 treaty. Chisholm’s list contains the names of 3,293 descendants of the Wisconsin Potawatomi living in Canada (1227 adults and 2066 children) and where they lived. This list is transcribed in this report along with reports by Senator Daniel Inouye and Andrew Chisholm.

- by Larry Wyckoff
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- Native American Studies, Genealogy, Canadian History, American Indian History

Episcopal Bishop of Eau Clare Frank E. Wilson (1885-1944) undated memorandum on the status of Hungarian Catholic/Orthodox supposed Bishop John Torok (1890-1955) in the Protestant Episcopal Church. Torok died as rector of Emmanuel Church,... more

- by Richard Mammana
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- Anglicanism (Anglicanism), Roman Catholicism, Hungary, The Episcopal Church

Slide show to accompany discussion of Welsh immigration and settlement in the American Midwest. Topics include: Overview of Welsh immigration to North America, 1600s-1900; reasons for emigration in the 19th century; agricultural and industrial immigrants; migration to the Midwest; Welsh churches and religious organizations; the Welsh language and eisteddfodau; prominent Welsh-Americans from the region.

- by Robert Humphries
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- American History, Immigration, Welsh History, Cymraeg - the Welsh language

The 1836 Menominee Indian Treaty provided for a payment of $80,000 to be made to their mixed-blood relatives. A census register of who was entitled to share in this payment was created by Commissioner John Edmonds. His instructions for making the register; a transcription of the register; and an index of the names in the register are included in this document.

Transcription of the 1874 annuity payment roll for the Lake Superior Chippewa bands.

- by Marc Rodriguez
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- Social Movements, Ethnic Studies, Chicano Studies, Urban History

Excavations at the Dennis site (47MO667) in the Driftless Area of southwestern Wisconsin offer new information on the Initial Late Woodland period (A.D. 500–750) in the region. The Dennis site represents a small, upland habitation and lithic workshop site in a drainage-head setting. The discovery of a previously unrecognized pottery type, Rullands Creek Incised, indicates greater cultural diversity in the Driftless Area during the Initial Late Woodland period than offered by prior models. These unique ceramics and associated cultural materials were recovered from an upland drainage-head landform, capped by as much as 75 centimeters of post-settlement alluvium (PSA). We suggest that the Dennis site has the potential to alter our present understanding of the Late Woodland period chronology and ceramic sequence and may serve as a useful model for developing a more general survey strategy for comparable sites within the Driftless Area. We present the results of test excavations at the site and discuss its unusual landscape position, artifact content, and geomorphic setting.

- by Ryan Letterly and +1
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- Native American Studies, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geomorphology
- by Maramanee Olson
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- Latino/A Studies, Civil Rights, Texas History, Migrant labour

Transcribed in this document is the 1917 annuity payment roll for what were known as the “scattered bands of Potawatomie Indians, residing in the states of Wisconsin and Michigan”. This would include the Potawatomi of northern Wisconsin and the Hannahville community in Menominee County, Michigan. A copy of the original payment roll is included along with an index of names.

A transcription of the 1861 annuity payment rolls for the Lake Superior Chippewa bands.

This document contains a transcription of the 1857 annuity payment roll for the Chippewas of Lake Superior under the treaties of July 29, 1837, October 4, 1842, and September 30, 1854. The roll includes forty seven bands from Bois Forte, Fond du Lac, Grand Portage, La Pointe, Lac Court Oreilles, Lac du Flambeau, L'Anse, and Ontonagon in Minnesota, Wisconsin and Michigan.

Social and political conflict appear to be the rule rather than the exception in contemporary relations among American Indians, their non-Indian neighbors, and the governments of the states in which they reside. Conflicts between states and tribes occur over issues such as land claims, casino gaming, taxation, environmental pollution regulation, zoning, water rights, hazardous waste disposal, mining, the protection of sacred places, and onand off-reservation hunting and fishing treaty rights. Although the specific details of state-tribal relations vary from state to state and from tribe to tribe, a common thread underlies and structures the contours of these relations and conflicts. What ties these different conflicts together is that they center on the question of political control over geographical space. They revolve around the question of who has a legitimate claim to legal and political authority over reservation space and off-reservation spaces that are now situated as part of a state's territory. Such conflicts are fundamentally about differing constructions and interpretations of the spatial boundaries and spatial extent of state-tribal political relations. Understanding the political construction of the geographies of state-tribal relations requires an archaeology or excavation of the historically constituted assumptions about the spatial organization of political power as it emerged in Western societies and as it has been imposed by the Western colonial project.

- by Steven Silvern
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- Political Geography and Geopolitics, Wisconsin History

Two chapters extracted from a broader PhD project on political parties and the development of campaign finance policy. In the first chapter (Chapter 10), the Wisconsin Republican Party's responses to the Watergate Scandal, changing finances and pressure for campaign finance reform in the 1970s are explored. The second chapter (Chapter 12) delves into the Wisconsin Democratic Party's idealistic policy on campaign finance reform and its alliance with Common Cause. Contrary to expectations, the actions of party legislators, officials and activists when developing policy on political reform display a mix of complex motives, only one of which is self-interest.

- by Sarah John
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- Political Parties, Campaign Finance, Wisconsin History

This paper was written for a course at Beloit College entitled: " Anthropological Research in Museums " taught by Professor WilliamGreen. The essay examines the historical context and human connections of a Winnebago peyote drum in the Logan Museum of Anthropology at Beloit College in Wisconsin. It is not an object biography, but rather explores a wide variety of connections to people and topics, especially to the twentiethcentury American Indian activist Oliver LaMere. Sources include catalog records from the Logan, original works by LaMere and others, as well as biographical information. This is the first known examination of its kind for this object.

- by Glenne Tietzer
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- Religion, Native American Studies, Anthropology, Museum Studies
- by Marc Rodriguez
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- History, Chicano Studies, American Politics, History of Labor Migration

Following the French governmentâ€™s attempt to annihilate the Meskwaki people of Wisconsin in the early 18th-century, a strange co-habitation occurred between these two previously warring factions at the Meskwaki village of Prairie du Chien. This paper present a brief review of the historical events at the termination of the Second Fox War in Southwest Wisconsin and the limited evidence for the interactions that occurred between the French and Meskwaki peoples in the aftermath of this struggle. New archaeological evidence is presented to support the hypothesis that the Meskwaki continued to live with and have economic and social relations with the French traders and â€oeCoureurs de boisâ€• at Prairie du Chien, despite the then recent French military attempt to completely destroy their people.

A Brief Review of Milladore Chlorite Including PIMA Analysis and an Example of Prehistoric Use in North Central Wisconsin. Milladore Chlorite has largely fallen through the cracks in the archaeological record. Recent research suggests... more

Etymology of Wisconsin (Turkish)

- by Kamil Kartal
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- Wisconsin, Wisconsin Archaeology, Wisconsin History

This article focuses on the use of radio broadcasts as resources for those organizing and convening face-to-face discussion groups in rural communities across the United States in the 1930s and 1940s. Led by the United States Department of Agriculture, small group discussions took place with leadership coming from Cooperative Extension agents from land-grant universities. As public affairs shows were being carried on the major commercial radio channels, the USDA discussion project utilized radio broadcasts to introduce people to the methods of conducting group discussions. The article focuses on the national efforts of the USDA as well as localized attempts to utilize radio broadcasts in the service of democratic discussion, focusing on one of the most robust examples of a land-grant university—the University of Wisconsin-Madison—utilizing technology for democratic discussion in rural communities across the state. It notes shortcomings and challenges, as well as identifying the critical role that radio played in helping citizens and communities begin to think about complex public problems through the use of new technologies.

- by Timothy J Shaffer
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- Information Technology, Education, Technology, Educational Technology
- by Maramanee Olson
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- Socialism, Labor unions, Milwaukee, Wisconsin History

In the second half of the nineteenth century, Welsh immigrants comprised a small but significant ethnic minority in the Midwestern state of Wisconsin. Economically successful, the Wisconsin Welsh were active participants in the political life of their adopted country, and like their counterparts elsewhere in the United States, overwhelmingly supported the Republican Party. Their identification of the Republicans with the abolition of slavery and victory in the Civil War made the Welsh a loyal constituency, but also one with particular concerns that reflected Calvinistic conceptions of morality. Furthermore, having internalized the view that their native language was unsuitable for public life, the Welsh cultivated a public image of themselves as exceptionally patriotic and eager to assimilate, defining themselves negatively against other immigrant groups. Drawing from correspondence, public records and the local English-language press, as well as reports in Welsh-language publications such as Y Drych and Y Cenhadwr Americanaidd, this paper traces the development of political identity among Welsh immigrants in Wisconsin. It concludes that, as much as economic and demographic changes, Welsh-American political attitudes diminished the status and already-limited role of their native language in the ethnic community.

This morning, about 9 o'clock, we received a telegraphic dispatch from Racine, that a negro was kidnapped there . . . We then went to [Federal] Judge Miller's office and there learned that a warrant had been issued by him for the arrest of an alleged fugitive from slavery . . . [O]ur Jail and Jailor were pressed into the service of the Slave-catchers, and were made to hold a slave while the fetters were being rivetted [sic] on his limbs. The name of the prisoner is Asa Glover.

This article uses two examples from US history – competency hearings and asylum labor from Wisconsin in the late nineteenth- and early-twentieth century United States – to examine how ability, labor, and citizenship ideologies are enforced and created. Both are sites in which individuals are assumed to lack ability and labor is a tool of assessment and cure. I argue that central to both citizenship and ability were historically defined standards for the self-management of labor and its economic results. Criteria for the self-management of labor reflected and reinforced social hierarchies.

- by Kim E Nielsen
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- Disability History, Insanity, Insane Asylum, Wisconsin History

Book Review by Eric J. Schmaltz. A Time for Reflection: The First One Hundred Years (Reprint and Update of the Hundredth Anniversary of the Germans from Russia in Sheboygan, Wisconsin). Pp. 44. Sheboygan, WI: Sheboygan County Historical Research Center, 2016. In Yearbook of German American Studies, Vol. 52 (2017) (Society for German American Studies) (Lawrence, KS: University of Kansas, 2018): pp. 258-260.

This 1891 article from the Czech-American annual journal, Amerikán Národní Kalendář, is translated to English for the first time. This article is part of a continuing effort to conduct a survey, or census of sorts, of all the Czech immigrant communities across America, which 'Amerikán' began with their first edition in 1878. This article, from the 1891 edition provides us with first person accounts of Czech immigrants in four states and 10 unique communities. It is filled with details and surnames.

- by Scott W Phillips
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- Czech History, Genealogy, Immigration, Immigration History
- by Uwe Spiekermann
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- Entrepreneurship, Family Business, Business History, Beer (Alcohol Studies)
- by Marc Rodriguez
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- Chicano Studies, Latino/A Studies, Labor Migration, Texas History

Among the possibilities afforded by social networking platforms is the quick and easy formation of informal activist networks, as well as the efficient distribution of information within those networks. This functionality, particularly as it manifests on Twitter, has been cited as an important tool in several recent protest and revolutionary movements around the world, both for mobilizing general support, and actual participation in protests and other events. This study examines retweeting behavior during the 2011 Wisconsin labor protests, modeling it as a method for developing informational linkages within a protest network. A sample of 1,830 original tweets tagged with #wiunion and posted during the first three weeks of protests was coded, as well as all URLs included in the tweets. Results suggest that users were more interested in news and information than in partisan discussion, but that news from non-traditional sources was seen as most worthy of retweeting. Tweets from mobile phones – and thus, those more likely to originate from a protest site – were more frequently retweeted, as were tweets originally posted by an organization, as opposed to an individual. Local mobilization information was frequently retweeted, but tweets linking Wisconsin to other states with contemporaneous labor protests was not particularly favored.

- by Aaron S Veenstra and +2
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- Social Movements, Social Networking, Social Capital, Political communication

"Pat O’Dea (1872-1962), born in Kilmore, Victoria, Australia, played Australian Rules football briefly for the Melbourne Football Club, but made his fame in American football
where he was the star fullback for the University of Wisconsin Badgers between 1896 and 1899. O’Dea’s skills, particularly his massive punting, drop- and place-kicking abilities, were
legendary. He was widely recognised as one of the best players of his day and his record established him as one of the best kickers of all-time in American collegiate football. O’Dea’s story became more intriguing as time progressed, particularly as he disappeared between 1917 and 1934, only to be discovered living under an assumed name in California. O’Dea was brought back triumphantly to Wisconsin where his legend was relived,revived and retold in the early 1930s and at various times through to his death in 1962. Little is known about O’Dea in Australia and he does not appear as a significant figure in many recent discussions of football history in the United States. This article explores the career of Pat O’Dea at the University of Wisconsin and his subsequent ‘reappearance’ and examines press coverage of O’Dea in the late 1890s and again in 1934."

- by John Nauright
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- History, American History, Sociology of Sport, Media Studies