Zero Hunger Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- International Relations, International organizations, Political Science, Politics

One of the most important and crucial debates in the world today is how to provide sufficient food for over seven billion people in the world. In 2019, 690 million people were suffering from hunger globally while about 135 million people in 55 countries and territories were suffering from acute food insecurity with Africa accounting for 73 million of this figure. Food insecurity is one of the major challenges of most African governments occasioned by an increasing number of people living in extreme poverty, high-level corruption, incidences of conflicts/terrorism, low level of human capital and unfavorable climate change in the region. Nigeria has the highest number of people living in extreme poverty globally. The Global Food Security Index (GFSI) rank of Nigeria has been on the increase since 2013 while it was ranked 94th among 113 countries in 2019. Nigeria is facing the challenge of food insecurity, especially in the northeastern and north-central states where conflicts/insurgen...

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- Business, Development Economics, Poverty, Food Security
- by Samson ORUMA
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- Agriculture, Sustainable Supply Chain, IEEE, Agricultural Mechanization

Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) is hinged on achieving zero hunger target globally by 2030. Many developing countries, especially African countries, are challenged with extreme hunger that are often caused or compounded by bad governance, conflicts and climate change. In this paper, we assess Africa’s readiness towards attaining the zero hunger target by 2030 in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of Global Hunger Index (GHI) and each of its indicators across Africa are compared before the pandemic (2000-2019). The effect of the pandemic on the hunger situation in Africa is discussed by highlighting the mitigating measures put in place by selected African governments. We have found that most African countries have recorded steady reduction in their child mortality rates but high prevalence of undernourishment, stunting and child wasting indicates significant challenges hampering the achievement of the zero hunger target. The study recommends that African governments shoul...

- by Folorunso Fasina
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- Poverty, Sustainable agriculture, Food Security and Insecurity, Conflict

In recent time, the prevalence of hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity have increased in most African countries as the continentc ontinued to experience rising number of people that are undernourished. This paper reveals the progress of African region in pursuit of SDG 2 target by 2030 considering both the global and Africa SDG threshold (rating) in 2019. The SDG2 target achievement in Africa is facing serious obstacles such as high level of poverty, unemployment, social exclusion, corruption, banditry, kidnapping, conflicts, and terrorism. With enormous challenges confronting Africa, can SDG 2 target be achieved in the continent by 2030?

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- African Studies, Malnutrition, Stunting, Zero Hunger

In a World where conflicts are increasing and hunger is used as a weapon, how is it possible to deal with this issue? In this paper the analysis starts from the situation defined in the MENA region after the Arab Spring and how it is developed during the time. After that, the comparison between the Syrian Arab Republic, Yemen and the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan is necessary to understand how concretely the situation in that specific place is. At the end, the solution proposed is that for eliminating hunger, we should stop doing conflicts but, as soon as the latest events in Middle East told us, this seems impossible.

- by Sarah Penge
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- Peace and Conflict Studies, Food Security and Insecurity, MENA region, Zero Hunger
- by Oluwaseun Ariyo
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- Dietary Diversity, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, CHEMICAL SCIENCES

- by sakiru Akinbode
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- Business, Development Economics, Poverty, Food Security
- by Asma Ben Othmen
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- Political Science, United Nations, Rural Development, Food Security

In recent time, the prevalence of hunger, malnutrition and food insecurity have increased in most African countries as the continent continued to experience rising number of people that are undernourished. This paper reveals the progress of African region in pursuit of SDG 2 target by 2030 considering both the global and Africa SDG threshold (rating) in 2019. The SDG2 target achievement in Africa is facing serious obstacles such as high level of poverty, unemployment, social exclusion, corruption, banditry, kidnapping, conflicts, and terrorism. With enormous challenges confronting Africa, can SDG 2 target be achieved in the continent by 2030?

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- African Studies, Food Science, Food Security, Sub-Saharan Africa

Tackling hunger is a challenge for many African governments because of its endemic nature on the continent. Many African countries have found it difficult to achieve significant reductions in hunger and malnutrition since 1990. In this paper, we review the progress of African countries in the fight against hunger over the past three decades, using the Global Hunger Index (GHI) scores. Ghana had the best GHI improvement (-53.1%) while Zimbabwe and Central African Republic had slightly increased GHI scores (+1.6%). Within this time period, few countries had significant reductions in their GHI scores, while some suffered increases. Furthermore, in assessing the three indicators of GHI: (i) prevalence of undernourishment (percent population), (ii) prevalence of stunting in children (%) and (iii) prevalence of wasting in children (%), we found that no country in Africa was able to achieve all three targets. Six countries (Tunisia, Ghana, South Africa, Morocco, Mauritius and Algeria) were...

- by Oluwaseun A otekunrin
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- Geography, Africa, Malnutrition, Zero Hunger
- by Oluwaseun A otekunrin
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- Healthy Lifestyles, Malnutrition, Sustainable Diets, Sustainability

Sustainable Development Goal 2 is hinged on achieving zero hunger, worldwide, by the year 2030. Many developing countries, especially African countries, are faced with extreme hunger often caused or compounded by bad governance, conflicts and climate change. In this paper, we review patterns of Global Hunger Index scores across Africa from 2000 to 2018 noting advances and setbacks in the fight against hunger in relation to the underlying causes of hunger in these nations, using Nigeria, the poverty capital of the world, as a case study. We also review selected policies of the Nigerian government and development partners aimed at reducing hunger in Nigeria and proffer solutions that can help actualise the target of zero hunger by 2030.

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +1
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- Conflict, Food and Nutrition, Food Security, Sub-Saharan Africa

Hunger and food insecurity take center stage in most debates in Africa, and in recent times with serious concerns about Nigeria. This study assessed food insecurity among farming households in rural Oyo State, Nigeria, using cross-sectional datasets from 211 farming households through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) module was employed in assessing food insecurity status of farming households, and the ordered logit model (OLM) was used to analyze factors influencing food insecurity among farming households. The results revealed that 12.8% of the farming households were food secure while 87.2% had varying levels of food insecurity. The OLM results indicated that age, household head’s years of schooling, gender, farm size, farm experience, non-farm income, food expenditure, and access to extension service significantly influenced food insecurity among farming households. Based on the findings, efforts should be geared towards promot...

- by Oluwaseun A otekunrin
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- Food Security and Insecurity, Agriculture, Zero Hunger, Farm Households

- by Oluwaseun A otekunrin
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- Poverty, Sustainable agriculture, Food Security and Insecurity, Conflict

The challenge of Nigeria's food insecurity in the era of the Covid-19 pandemic, insecurity, climate change, population growth, food wastage, etc., is a demanding task. This study addresses Nigeria's food insecurity challenges by adopting agriculture 4.0 and commercial farming. Using data from six digital libraries, the Nigerian Bureau of Statistics, and other internet sources, we conducted a Systematic Literature Review (SLR using PRISMA) on Nigeria's agriculture, food security, and agriculture 4.0. Our results show Nigeria's current agricultural state, threats to food security, and modern digital agriculture technologies. We adapted our SLR findings to develop an implementation framework for agriculture 4.0 in solving Nigeria's food insecurity challenge in the post-Covid-19 era. Our proposed framework integrates precision agriculture in Nigeria's food production and the necessary enabling digital technologies in the agri-food supply chain. We analyzed the critical implementation considerations during each agri-food supply chain stage of farming inputs, farming scale, farming approach, farming operation, food processing, food preservation/storage, distribution/logistics, and the final consumers. This study will help researchers, investors, and the government address food security in Nigeria. The implementation of agriculture 4.0 will substantially contribute to SDG 2 (zero hunger), SDG 3 (good health and well-being), and SDG 8 (decent work and economic growth) of #Envision 2030 of the United Nations, for the benefit of Nigeria, Africa, and the entire world.

- by Samson ORUMA and +1
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- Sustainable Supply Chain, Supply Chain Management & Logistics, Agricultural Mechanization, Agrifood

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +2
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- Development Economics, Poverty, Food Security, Sub-Saharan Africa

N°79 : FILETS SOCIAUX, DES OUTILS DE RÉSILIENCE PERTINENTS ? paru le 9 septembre 2020 ---- Dans un contexte global de nouvelle hausse de la faim et de vulnérabilité accrue des populations pauvres, la thématique de la protection sociale a toute sa place dans les débats. La crise de Covid-19 est venue confirmer l’importance pour les états de disposer d’outils d’aide réactifs en cas de choc (économique, climatique, sanitaire) pour appuyer leur population. Garantir la sécurité alimentaire des ménages, réduire la pauvreté et la vulnérabilité et soutenir le développement agricole demande de mettre en place des mécanismes souples et mutualisables. En répondant à ces caractéristiques, les filets sociaux, en tant qu’outil d’assistance multiformes et multisectoriels, ont rencontré un franc succès dans les domaines humanitaires et de développement. Ils sont néanmoins source de débats et de critiques quant à leur impact sur les formes de solidarités endogènes, les méthodes de ciblage des populations ou encore le fait qu’ils soient empruntés, dans leur conception, aux modèles de protection sociale occidentaux. ______________________________________________________________________ La trajectoire internationale de la stratégie Faim Zéro -- La stratégie Faim Zéro est l’une des initiatives les plus reconnues du Brésil dans les arènes internationales et a fait l’objet d’échanges en matière de sécurité alimentaire avec les pays d’Amérique latine et d’Afrique. Son influence a été plus importante sur les normes des organisations internationales que sur les politiques des pays partenaires.

- by Carolina Milhorance
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- Social Protection, Mozambique, Brazilian Politics, South-south cooperation
- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +1
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- Sustainable Development, Malnutrition, Sustainable Food Systems, Sustainable Diets

Sustainable Development Goal 2 (SDG 2) is hinged on achieving zero hunger target globally by 2030. Many developing countries, especially African countries, are challenged with extreme hunger that are often caused or compounded by bad governance, conflicts and climate change. In this paper, we assess Africa's readiness towards attaining the zero hunger target by 2030 in the face of COVID-19 pandemic. Patterns of Global Hunger Index (GHI) and each of its indicators across Africa are compared before the pandemic (2000-2019). The effect of the pandemic on the hunger situation in Africa is discussed by highlighting the mitigating measures put in place by selected African governments. We have found that most African countries have recorded steady reduction in their child mortality rates but high prevalence of undernourishment, stunting and child wasting indicates significant challenges hampering the achievement of the zero hunger target. The study recommends that African governments should prioritize sustainable agricultural practices and give serious attention to the formulation and implementation of policies that reduce hunger against the COVID-19 pandemic.

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +2
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- Hunger, Zero Hunger, Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), SARS-CoV2/COVID-19:
- by Nima Nejadrezaei and +1
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- United Nations, Rural Development, Food Security, Zero Hunger

Road infrastructure and the associated provision of safe, reliable, and affordable transport services in rural areas have the potential to bring about social and economic development, thereby reducing poverty, increasing food security and productivity and lessening the experience of hunger 1-7. Yet nearly one billion rural residents, approximately 68% of the world's rural population, still do not have all season access to road networks 3. Rural economies in developing countries are predominantly agrarian with supply chains and supporting infrastructure to enable access to markets. However, approximately 45% of the land area in low income countries and 51% in lower middle-income countries are located more than five hours away from the main market, severely constraining the potential of agriculture to help to meet local food needs 6. Improved all-season road infrastructure and the availability of transport services are effective ways to increase food security and curb hunger as it allows farmers to sell their produce to a larger market, more frequently during the year, at competitive prices. It furthermore enables the goods and services which support farming to reach farms more efficiently and at less cost. Good all-season access improves the efficiency of food distribution, by providing better connectivity throughout the year and lower transport costs via shorter journey times, lower fuel consumption rates and less vehicle wear and tear 12. In turn, these enable reductions in costs, wastage and damage of produce during transportation (i.e. post-harvest loss) 5. For example, poor road links were shown to increase transport costs greatly in parts of rural Tanzania 6 while improved road condition reduced the transport costs of bananas in Kenya by 14% 1 .

- by Manu Sasidharan
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- Rural Development, Sustainable Rural Development, Food Security, Rural Roads

- by IDRIS AYINDE
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- Geography, Africa, Malnutrition, Zero Hunger
- by IDRIS AYINDE
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- Dietary Diversity, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, CHEMICAL SCIENCES

Hunger and food insecurity take center stage in most debates in Africa, and in recent times with serious concerns about Nigeria. This study assessed food insecurity among farming households in rural Oyo State, Nigeria, using cross-sectional datasets from 211 farming households through a multi-stage sampling procedure. The Household Food Insecurity Access Scale (HFIAS) module was employed in assessing food insecurity status of farming households, and the ordered logit model (OLM) was used to analyze factors influencing food insecurity among farming households. The
results revealed that 12.8% of the farming households were food secure while 87.2% had varying levels of food insecurity. The OLM results indicated that age, household head’s years of schooling, gender, farm size, farm experience, non-farm income, food expenditure, and access to extension service significantly influenced food insecurity among farming households. Based on the findings, efforts should be geared towards promoting households’ education-related intervention programs in order to improve their nutrition-related knowledge that can enhance their food security status. Additionally, there should be provision of rural infrastructural facilities such as piped water, rural electrification, and healthcare service that promote healthy living and enhance households’ agricultural productivity

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +2
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- Food Security and Insecurity, Zero Hunger, Farm Households, HFIAS

The Zero Hunger Strategy is one of Brazil’s most internationally recognized experiences and is not only regarded as a relevant model in the fight against hunger and poverty, but also as a tool to promote family farming. Both international and domestic forces have led to the intent of sharing instruments of this framework, especially the Food Acquisition Programme (PAA) and School Feeding Programme (PNAE), with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). This article aims to discuss the potential and challenges of sharing public policy instruments for family farming between Brazil and SSA countries, with a particular focus on Mozambique. Analyzing with data collected firsthand, the article aims to address questions on the concrete impacts of Brazil’s cooperation initiatives in SSA.

- by Carolina Milhorance
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- International Relations, International Development, Brazil, Mozambique

Climate change is a serious issue and has garnered much attention and utmost priority especially in agriculture connected to food and nutritional security for ensuring zero hunger. Perhaps, agriculture in India is affected to a larger extent owing to its geographical position and dependency on monsoon which made the sector sensitive to the climate change. India is a home to undernourishment for around 21% of the population and as per the Sustainable Development Goal 2, there should be no hunger across countries by 2030. Indian population is expected to reach 1.7 billion by 2050 and by 2030 it will be the most populous country and hence the food and nutritional security to the burgeoning population has to be addressed with additional food production. The theme of the World Food Day – ‘Our actions are our future: a zero hunger world by 2030 is possible’ – obviously was framed taking into the current scenario. Evidently, the challenge is a daunting task in the present scenario wherein climate change impacts are getting worse coupled with declining productive resources. In the absence of appropriate adaptation and mitigation efforts against climate change, the challenge to feed the burgeoning population will remain a big puzzle.

- by Sendhil Ramadas
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- Poverty, Wheat, Zero Tillage, Climate smart agriculture

Clientelist systems vary, and this variation influences the adoption and evolution of conditional cash transfer (CCT) programmes. We find that vertically integrated, corporatist clientelism in Mexico and more locally oriented, bossist clientelism in Brazil differentially shape the choices of
governments to turn piecemeal, discretionary CCTs into more expansive and secure benefits.

- by Aaron Ansell
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- Latin American Studies, Brazil, Mexico, Clientelismo
- by Nima Nejadrezaei
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- Political Science, United Nations, Rural Development, Food Security

Global food production and consumption have witnessed significant changes in the past five decades. Paying attention to rising crop yields and enhancing cultivation practices have brought about enhanced life expectancy, reduced rates of infant and child mortality, and reduced world poverty (Whitmee et al. 2015; Steffen et al. 2015; Willett et al. 2019). However, these health-related advantages are being jeopardized by global shifts toward unhealthy diets mostly in the developed countries and carbohydrate dense foods in the developing countries (Global Panel 2016; IFPRI 2017). These dietary shifts are partly caused by increasing urbanization, rise in incomes, and inadequate or lack of access to nutritious and healthy foods. Movement toward unhealthy diets increases the burden of obesity and diet-related NCDs coupled with imparting the environment negatively (Tilman and Clark 2014; Springmann et al. 2016;Willett et al. 2019). With increased growth and progress in food industry, food systems are becoming more complex with possible adverse effects on human health and nutrition especially in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) already faced with chronic hunger and multiple forms of malnutrition (Global Panel 2016; HLPE 2017; Otekunrin et al. 2019a, b, c; Otekunrin et al. 2020c; Global Nutrition Report 2020).

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +1
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- Healthy Lifestyles, Malnutrition, Sustainable Diets, Sustainability

Tackling hunger is a challenge for many African governments because of its endemic nature on the continent. Many African countries have found it difficult to achieve significant reductions in hunger and malnutrition since 1990. In this paper, we review the progress of African countries in the fight against hunger over the past three decades, using the Global Hunger Index (GHI) scores. Ghana had the best GHI improvement (-53.1%) while Zimbabwe and Central African Republic
had slightly increased GHI scores (+1.6%). Within this time period, few countries had significant reductions in their GHI scores, while some suffered increases. Furthermore, in assessing the three indicators of GHI: (i) prevalence of undernourishment (percent population), (ii) prevalence of stunting in children (%) and (iii) prevalence of wasting in children (%), we found that no country in Africa was able to achieve all three targets. Six countries (Tunisia, Ghana, South Africa,
Morocco, Mauritius and Algeria) were able to achieve targets for two of these while the majority achieved only one. We present country-level evidence of clear links between GHI scores with score for human development, social protection and terrorism. Some challenges that made the zero hunger target a difficult task in Africa are reviewed while opportunities for moving the continent towards the zero-hunger target by 2030 are also explored.

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin and +2
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- Africa, Malnutrition, Zero Hunger, Conflict Event Theory

- by Oluwaseun A otekunrin
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- Business, Development Economics, Poverty, Food Security

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- Poverty, Africa, Food Security, Malnutrition
- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- Healthy Lifestyles, Malnutrition, Sustainable Diets, Sustainability

According to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), up to one
third of all food is lost or wasted worldwide throughout the supply chain. It must be investigated
how much food waste is generated in the whole food chain in reality, are consumers really
responsible for the majority of food lavish, what are the main reasons for food waste and how
can we minimize spoilage. In this review article a wide outlook of papers is given, published
about food waste in last two years. It has been concluded, that additional data are needed to get
a clear picture about the real quantities of wasted foods, because the available data are
inconsistent.
In the reviewed papers, a lot of action have been published about how to reduce food wastage,
starting from innovation in the industry, logistics, through creation by-product exchanges,
development of demand forecast and product packaging, etc. up to substantial improvement of
food literacy of the population. It is evident, that these actions will have some effect. In this
case, the quantity and proportion of food waste will change, thus, the generation of waste is
dynamic. If it is dynamic, it can be modelled and forecasted on the basis of models created in
future. In this way the research question can be answered.

- by Janos Zachar
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- Food Waste, Zero Hunger

- by IDRIS AYINDE
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- Business, Development Economics, Poverty, Food Security

Land use policies directly plays impact in the right, restriction, and responsibilities of the people living in the Nepal. According to land use policy 2015 the entire land of Nepal is divided into 11 zones. In this paper land use policies of Nepal is reviewed from different perspective like need, disaster management, urban management, food security, conservation of heritage, valuation and taxation. Overall land use policy of Nepal 2015 is best on the sustainable development goal. It supports the goal like life on land, zero hunger, no poverty, clean water and sanitation, sustainable cities and communities, good health and well-beings.

- by Narayan Thapa
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- Disaster Management, Land-use planning, Needs Assessment, Land Use

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- Geography, Africa, Malnutrition, Zero Hunger
- by Nima Nejadrezaei
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- Political Science, United Nations, Rural Development, Food Security

Diverse and quality diets are crucial to sustainable growth and development of under-five children, especially those of rural farming households. This study investigated the dietary diversity, environment and health-related factors of young children. The study employed the use of crosssectional survey data from 140 under-five children of cassava farming households in Ogun and Oyo states, SouthWest Nigeria. The study estimated factors influencing dietary diversity of underfive children and assessed children dietary diversity, and the availability of some environment and health-related factors of the farming households. The findings indicated that 98.7% and 97.5% of children consumed grains, with roots and tubers while 36.7% and 36.3% consumed legumes in Ogun and Oyo states respectively. The results also found that 48.6% of children sampled met the minimum cutoff point of 4 food groups with dietary diversity mean score of 3.28. The logit regression analysis indicated that child's age, mothers' age, distance to farm and food expenditure were among the significant determinants of children dietary diversity. Therefore, this study seeks the collaborative efforts of stakeholders in providing nutrition-sensitive intervention programs for household members especially mothers and young children in order to promote consumption of diversified diets and enhance healthy living of rural farming households.

- by ken mitchell
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- Latin American Studies, Anthropology, Political Science, Brazil
- by Nima Nejadrezaei and +1
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- Rural Development, Food Security, Zero Hunger, UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development

- by Olutosin A Otekunrin
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- Poverty, Sustainable agriculture, Food Security and Insecurity, Conflict

- by IDRIS AYINDE
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- Geography, Africa, Malnutrition, Zero Hunger
- by IDRIS AYINDE
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- Terrorism, Poverty, Conflict, Africa

Abstract Brazil became a prominent player for policy dialogue on food security and social protection in the 2000s and started to share its policy instruments with developing countries. However, the consequences as well as the mechanisms of such political effort have been little analysed. This paper draws on the case of Mozambique to examine the adoption process of Brazil’s instruments of public food procurement from family farmers and home-grown school feeding. It shows that despite political and institutional constraints at the national level to adopting the initiatives in Mozambique, local actors managed to adapt them to their contexts. It aims to contribute to recent policy transfer literature, which is particularly interested in the role of ‘translation’ mechanisms in the circulation of policy ideas and practices across nations. Keywords South–South cooperation . Policy translation . Policy transfer . Brazil . Mozambique . Food security

- by Eric Sabourin
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- International Relations, International organizations, Rural Development, Brazil