Areca nut (original) (raw)

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La noix d’arec, également appelée noix de bétel, est le fruit du palmier à bétel Areca catechu. Elle contient une graine qui est consommée dans de nombreux pays d’Asie, fraîche ou après traitement dans l'eau bouillante ou encore après séchage. Elle sert à fabriquer une « chique de bétel », une préparation à mâcher avec la feuille de bétel.

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dbo:abstract La nou d'areca és la llavor de la palmera d'areca (Areca catechu).La nou d'areca s'utilitza juntament amb la fulla de betel (Piper betle) a l'Àsia del sud i del sud-est per les seves propietats lleugerament estimulants. La nou és una drupa gran aproximadament com un ou de gallina amb el mesocarpi fibrós i un xic més gran que una oliva sense aquest. Recorda a la nou moscada per la forma i el color, però té un gust molt diferent, lleugerament amarg i intens. Les llavors es tornen dures després d'eixugarse i perdre aigua. Per mastegar les nous es tallen en llesques amb un instrument especial en forma de tisora. La palmera que produeix la nou d'areca és originària del sud-est asiàtic, on és molt valorada comercialment, tot i que en alguns llocs el costum tradicional de mastegar la nou d'areca i la fulla de betel hagi desaparegut. A més de la nou i la fulla, el costum de mastegar inclou altres ingredients, com hidròxid de calci, clavell d'espècia i, a partir del segle xvii, tabac, entre altres. Aquesta costum colora l'interior de la boca d'un roig intens. El nom de llocs com Guwahati a l'Índia, Penang a Malàisia, a Tailàndia i a les Maldives tenen llur origen en el nom local de l'areca. (ca) The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut, not to be confused with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (a preparation known as betel nut chewing). Consumption has many harmful and is carcinogenic to humans. Various compounds present in the nut, including arecoline (the primary psychoactive ingredient which is similar to nicotine), contribute to histologic changes in the oral mucosa. It is known to be a major risk factor for cancers (squamous cell carcinoma) of the mouth and esophagus. As with chewing tobacco, its use is discouraged by preventive efforts. Consumption by hundreds of millions of people worldwide – mainly of South Asian or Southeast Asian origins – has been described as a "neglected global public health emergency". (en) Betelaĵo estas preparaĵo el folioj de betelo surŝmirita per estingita kalko, ofte kombinita kun pecetigita arekofrukto. Betelaĵo estas tre ŝatata maĉaĵo en partoj de suda Azio kaj Oceanio, ĉar la estingita kalko transformas alkaloidon en la frukto al eŭforiiga substanco. Oni maĉas la betelaĵon dum 15 – 20 minutoj kaj poste elkraĉas la restaĵon, ruĝe kolorigitan de la fruktosuko. Bedaŭrinde la maĉado havas malbonan efikon al la gingivo. En Tajvano betelaĵoj estas vendataj en kioskoj, kiuj ofte prezentas malmulte vestitan junulinon por allogi virajn klientojn, ekz. kamionistojn, kiuj uzas betelaĵon por stimuli sin dum nokta veturado. Maĉado de betelaĵoj dependigas simile kiel fumado de tabako. Kvankam oni ne klasas betelaĵon inter kontraŭleĝajn drogojn, ili havas malbonan efikon al la sano; interalie la Internacia Esplor-Institucio pri Kancero (IARC) avertas, ke ĝi kaŭzas buŝan kanceron. Oni foje trovas la terminon "betel-nukso", kiu estas erariga, ĉar nur la folioj devenas de betelo, sed la frukto (nomata "nukso") de areko. (eo) La noix d’arec, également appelée noix de bétel, est le fruit du palmier à bétel Areca catechu. Elle contient une graine qui est consommée dans de nombreux pays d’Asie, fraîche ou après traitement dans l'eau bouillante ou encore après séchage. Elle sert à fabriquer une « chique de bétel », une préparation à mâcher avec la feuille de bétel. (fr) Il noce di Areca è il frutto della Areca catechu, che cresce in gran parte del Pacifico tropicale (Melanesia e Micronesia), sud-est asiatico, Asia meridionale, Asia orientale e parti dell'Africa orientale. Questo frutto è comunemente indicato come noce di betel, quindi è facilmente confuso con foglie di betel (Piper betle) che vengono spesso utilizzate per avvolgerlo (paan). Il termine areca originato dalla parola Malayalam adakka (അടക്ക) e risale al XVI secolo, quando i marinai olandesi e portoghesi portarono il noce dal Kerala all'Europa. Il consumo ha molti effetti nocivi sulla salute ed è cancerogeno per l'uomo. Vari composti presenti nella noce, in particolare l'arecolina (il principale ingrediente psicoattivo che è simile alla nicotina), contribuiscono a cambiamenti istologici nella . (it) Noz de areca ou pinangue, é a semente da palmeira de areca (areca catechu). Esta palmeira pode crescer até vinte metros e tem folhas com um metro de comprimento, estando especialmente difundida na Ásia e na África oriental. Mascar a semente desta espécie vegetal faz parte de muitas culturas asiáticas sendo que as técnicas de preparação variam de região para região. A ilha de Penang recebeu este nome por causa da pinang. Por vezes é designada incorretamente como noz de bétel devido a ser consumida quase sempre em combinação com as folhas provenientes da planta que produz a pimenta de bétel, a Piper betle, da família das piperáceas. (pt)
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dbp:quote Areca nut affects almost all organs of the human body, including the brain, heart, lungs, gastrointestinal tract and reproductive organs. It causes or aggravates pre-existing conditions such as neuronal injury, myocardial infarction, cardiac arrhythmias, hepatotoxicity, asthma, central obesity, type II diabetes, hyperlipidemia, metabolic syndrome, etc. Areca nut affects the endocrine system, leading to hypothyroidism, prostate hyperplasia and infertility. It affects the immune system leading to suppression of T-cell activity and decreased release of cytokines. It has harmful effects on the fetus when used during pregnancy. (en)
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dbp:source Garg et al. (en)
dbp:title Systemic effects of areca nut (en)
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rdfs:comment La noix d’arec, également appelée noix de bétel, est le fruit du palmier à bétel Areca catechu. Elle contient une graine qui est consommée dans de nombreux pays d’Asie, fraîche ou après traitement dans l'eau bouillante ou encore après séchage. Elle sert à fabriquer une « chique de bétel », une préparation à mâcher avec la feuille de bétel. (fr) Noz de areca ou pinangue, é a semente da palmeira de areca (areca catechu). Esta palmeira pode crescer até vinte metros e tem folhas com um metro de comprimento, estando especialmente difundida na Ásia e na África oriental. Mascar a semente desta espécie vegetal faz parte de muitas culturas asiáticas sendo que as técnicas de preparação variam de região para região. A ilha de Penang recebeu este nome por causa da pinang. Por vezes é designada incorretamente como noz de bétel devido a ser consumida quase sempre em combinação com as folhas provenientes da planta que produz a pimenta de bétel, a Piper betle, da família das piperáceas. (pt) La nou d'areca és la llavor de la palmera d'areca (Areca catechu).La nou d'areca s'utilitza juntament amb la fulla de betel (Piper betle) a l'Àsia del sud i del sud-est per les seves propietats lleugerament estimulants. El nom de llocs com Guwahati a l'Índia, Penang a Malàisia, a Tailàndia i a les Maldives tenen llur origen en el nom local de l'areca. (ca) The areca nut (/ˈærɪkə/ or /əˈriːkə/) is the fruit of the areca palm (Areca catechu), which grows in much of the tropical Pacific (Melanesia and Micronesia), South Asia, Southeast Asia, and parts of east Africa. It is commonly referred to as betel nut, not to be confused with betel (Piper betle) leaves that are often used to wrap it (a preparation known as betel nut chewing). Consumption has many harmful and is carcinogenic to humans. Various compounds present in the nut, including arecoline (the primary psychoactive ingredient which is similar to nicotine), contribute to histologic changes in the oral mucosa. It is known to be a major risk factor for cancers (squamous cell carcinoma) of the mouth and esophagus. As with chewing tobacco, its use is discouraged by preventive efforts. Consum (en) Betelaĵo estas preparaĵo el folioj de betelo surŝmirita per estingita kalko, ofte kombinita kun pecetigita arekofrukto. Betelaĵo estas tre ŝatata maĉaĵo en partoj de suda Azio kaj Oceanio, ĉar la estingita kalko transformas alkaloidon en la frukto al eŭforiiga substanco. Oni maĉas la betelaĵon dum 15 – 20 minutoj kaj poste elkraĉas la restaĵon, ruĝe kolorigitan de la fruktosuko. Bedaŭrinde la maĉado havas malbonan efikon al la gingivo. Oni foje trovas la terminon "betel-nukso", kiu estas erariga, ĉar nur la folioj devenas de betelo, sed la frukto (nomata "nukso") de areko. (eo) Il noce di Areca è il frutto della Areca catechu, che cresce in gran parte del Pacifico tropicale (Melanesia e Micronesia), sud-est asiatico, Asia meridionale, Asia orientale e parti dell'Africa orientale. Questo frutto è comunemente indicato come noce di betel, quindi è facilmente confuso con foglie di betel (Piper betle) che vengono spesso utilizzate per avvolgerlo (paan). Il termine areca originato dalla parola Malayalam adakka (അടക്ക) e risale al XVI secolo, quando i marinai olandesi e portoghesi portarono il noce dal Kerala all'Europa. (it)
rdfs:label Nou d'areca (ca) Arekanuss (de) Betelaĵo (eo) Areca nut (en) Noix d'arec (fr) Noce di areca (it) Noz de areca (pt)
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is foaf:primaryTopic of wikipedia-en:Areca_nut