Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (original) (raw)

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Horatio Herbert Kitchener Mariscal de Camp, 1r Comte Kitchener, (24 de juny de 1850 – 5 de juny de 1916) va ser un militar britànic d'origen irlandès i procònsol que adquirí fama per les seves campanyes imperials i que, posteriorment té un paper principal als primers estadis de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Va obtenir el honors següents: orde de la Lligacama (KG), Orde de Sant Patrici (KP), Orde del Bany (CCB), Orde del Mèrit (OM), Orde de l'Estrella de l'Índia (GCSI), Orde de Sant Miquel i Sant Jordi (GCMG), Orde de l'Imperi Indi (GCIE), Ajudant de Camp (ADC) i Consell Privat de Sa Majestat (PC).

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dbo:abstract Horatio Herbert Kitchener Mariscal de Camp, 1r Comte Kitchener, (24 de juny de 1850 – 5 de juny de 1916) va ser un militar britànic d'origen irlandès i procònsol que adquirí fama per les seves campanyes imperials i que, posteriorment té un paper principal als primers estadis de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Va obtenir el honors següents: orde de la Lligacama (KG), Orde de Sant Patrici (KP), Orde del Bany (CCB), Orde del Mèrit (OM), Orde de l'Estrella de l'Índia (GCSI), Orde de Sant Miquel i Sant Jordi (GCMG), Orde de l'Imperi Indi (GCIE), Ajudant de Camp (ADC) i Consell Privat de Sa Majestat (PC). (ca) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1. hrabě Kitchener (24. června 1850 – 5. června 1916) byl britský maršál a politik. (cs) المشير الميداني هوراشيو هربرت كتشنر، الإيرل الأول كتشنر، الحائز على وسام فرسان الرباط (كيه جي)، ووسام القديس باتريك (كيه بّي)، ووسام آمر الطريق برتبة فارس أعظم (جي سي بس)، ووسام الاستحقاق (أو إم)، ووسام نجمة الهند (جي سي إس آي)، ووسام القديس ميخائيل والقديس جرجس (جي سي إم جي)، ووسام إمبراطورية الهند برتبة فارس أعظم (جي سي آي إي)، وعضو المجلس الخاص للمملكة المتحدة (بّي سي) (المولود 24 يونيو 1850 – المتوفى 5 يونيو 1916) هو ضابط كبير في الجيش البريطاني من أصل أيرلندي، ومسؤول استعماري اكتسب سمعة سيئة لحملاته الإمبراطورية، لا سيما سياسته الأرض المحروقة ضد البوير وإنشائه معسكرات الاعتقال خلال حرب البوير الثانية التي مات فيها 18000 إلى 28000 رجل وامرأة وطفل، بشكل رئيسي من أوبئة الأمراض، ولعب لاحقًا دورًا مركزيًا في الجزء الأول من الحرب العالمية الأولى. نُسِب فضل الفوز بمعركة كرري في أم درمان وتأمين السيطرة على السودان عام 1898 لكتشنر الذي أصبح من أجل ذلك البارون كتشنر حاكم الخرطوم. بصفته رئيسًا للأركان (1900-1902) في حرب البوير الثانية، لعب دورًا رئيسيًا في غزو اللورد روبرتس لجمهوريات البوير، ثم خلف روبرتس قائدًا عامًا في الوقت الذي كانت قوات البوير قد اتخذت أسلوب حرب العصابات والقوات البريطانية احتجزت مدنيين من البوير في معسكرات الاعتقال. شهدت فترة توليه منصب القائد العام للجيش (1902–09) في الهند خلافه مع حاكم وقنصل بارز آخر، وهو نائب الملك اللورد جورج كرزون، الذي استقال في النهاية. عاد كتشنر بعد ذلك إلى مصر ليكون وكيلًا بريطانيًا وقنصلًا عامًا (المسؤول الفعلي). في عام 1914، مع بداية الحرب العالمية الأولى، أصبح كتشنر وزير الدولة لشؤون الحرب، عضوًا في مجلس الوزراء. بكونه أحد القلائل الذين توقعوا حربًا طويلة، تستمر على الأقل لمدة ثلاث سنوات، وبالسلطة المخوَّلة إليه للعمل بشكل فعال على هذا التصور، نظَّم أكبر جيش تطوعي شهدته بريطانيا، وأشرف على توسع كبير في إنتاج المواد للقتال على الجبهة الغربية. رغم أنه حذر من صعوبة توفير الإمدادات لحرب طويلة، أُلقيّت عليه مسئولية نقص القذائف في ربيع عام 1915 – وهي إحدى الأحداث التي أدت إلى تشكيل حكومة ائتلافية - وجُرِّد من سيطرته على العتاد والاستراتيجية. في 5 يونيو 1916، كان كتشنر يشق طريقه إلى روسيا على متن السفينة إتش إم إس هامبشاير لحضور مفاوضات مع القيصر نيقولا الثاني إمبراطور روسيا عندما صدمت السفينة لغم بحرى ألماني على بعد 1.5 ميل (2.4 كم) غرب جزر أوركني، اسكتلندا، وغرقت. كان كتشنر من بين الـ 737 الذين توفوا. (ar) Ο Οράτιος Χέρμπερτ Κίτσενερ, 1ος κόμης Κίτσενερ (Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 24 Ιουνίου 1850 – 5 Ιουνίου 1916) ήταν Βρετανός στρατάρχης και ανθύπατος, ο οποίος απέκτησε φήμη για τις αποικιακές εκστρατείες τις οποίες διηύθυνε, και αργότερα για το σημαντικό ρόλο που έπαιξε κατά τις πρώιμες φάσεις του Πρώτου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, αν και πέθανε στα μισά αυτού. Ο Κίτσενερ έγινε διάσημος το 1898 για τη νίκη του στη και την εξασφάλιση του ελέγχου του Σουδάν, μετά από την οποία τού απονεμήθηκε ο τίτλος «Λόρδος Κίτσενερ του Χαρτούμ»· ως Αρχηγός του Επιτελείου (1900–02) στον Β΄ Πόλεμο των Μπόερς έπαιξε σημαντικό ρόλο στην κατάκτηση της Δημοκρατίας των Μπόερς από τον Λόρδο Ρόμπερτς, και στη συνέχεια διαδέχθηκε τον Ρόμπερτς ως Διοικητής - όταν ο αγώνας των Μπόερ είχε μεταπέσει σε ανταρτοπόλεμο και οι βρετανικές δυνάμεις περιόρισαν τους άμαχους Μπόερς σε στρατόπεδα συγκέντρωσης. Η θητεία του ως Διοικητή (1902–09) του Στρατού της Ινδίας στιγματίστηκε από τη διαφωνία του με έναν άλλο διάσημο ανθύπατο, τον Αντιβασιλέα Λόρδο Κώρζον, ο οποίος τελικά παραιτήθηκε. Ο Κίτσενερ στη συνέχεια επέστρεψε στην Αίγυπτο ως Γενικός Πρόξενος ('de facto Κυβερνήτης). Το 1914, με την έκρηξη του Α΄ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, ο Λόρδος Κίτσενερ διορίσθηκε και μέλος του Υπουργικού Συμβουλίου. Ήταν ένας από τους λίγους που προέβλεψαν ότι θα ήταν ένας μακροχρόνιος πόλεμος με κάθε άλλο παρά ασφαλή πιθανότητα νίκης για τη Βρετανία, οργάνωσε τον μεγαλύτερο εθελοντικό στρατό που είχε δει ποτέ η Βρετανική Αυτοκρατορία και επέβλεψε τη σημαντική αύξηση της παραγωγής υλικών για τον πόλεμο με τη Γερμανία στο Δυτικό Μέτωπο. Η επιβλητική του εικόνα, η οποία αποτυπώθηκε στις αφίσες στρατολόγησης που απαιτούσαν Ο Λόρδος Κίτσενερ θέλει εσάς, παραμένει ακόμα αναγνωρίσιμη αλλά και διακωμωδήθηκε πολλές φορές μέχρι σήμερα. Κατηγορήθηκε για την Κρίση των Οβίδων την άνοιξη του 1915 – ένα από τα γεγονότα που οδήγησαν στο σχηματισμό κυβέρνησης συνασπισμού – και λόγω αυτού έχασε τον έλεγχο που είχε στο πολεμικό υλικό και τη στρατηγική του πολέμου. Πέθανε το 1916, όταν το πολεμικό σκάφος που τον μετέφερε για διαπραγματεύσεις στη Ρωσία βυθίστηκε από γερμανική νάρκη. Μετά το θάνατο του, ο Κίτσενερ κατηγορήθηκε ότι ήταν ένας καλός υφιστάμενος αλλά ένας κακός διοικητής. Ο Λόιντ Τζορτζ – ο οποίος μπορεί να έλαβε τα εύσημα για μερικά από τα επιτεύγματα του Κίτσενερ στον τομέα του πολεμικού υλικού – του άσκησε κριτική στο βιβλίο του Πολεμικά Απομνημονεύματα. Μετά από την πολυετή του εμπειρία διοίκησης σχετικά μικρών δυνάμεων κατά τις αποικιακές εκστρατείες, ο Κίτσενερ δυσφημίστηκε λόγω της μυστικοπάθειας του, της άρνησης του να εξηγεί τις ενέργειές του στους συνεργάτες του και της απροθυμίας του να οργανώνει και να κατανέμει αρμοδιότητες. Ωστόσο, μετά το 1970, το άνοιγμα νέων αρχείων επέτρεψε στους ιστορικούς να αποκαταστήσουν ως ένα βαθμό το κύρος του Κίτσενερ, με τουλάχιστον έναν ν΄ αναφέρει ότι οι ικανότητες του αύξαναν σταθερά με κάθε προαγωγή του. Μερικοί ιστορικοί εξυμνούν σήμερα τη στρατηγική του σκέψη κατά τον Α΄ Παγκόσμιο Πόλεμο, ιδιαίτερα την οργάνωση του δικτύου επέκτασης της παραγωγής πυρομαχικών και το σημαντικό του ρόλο στη δημιουργία του Βρετανικού Στρατού του 1914-1915, ο οποίος κατάφερε να αποδώσει έναν στρατό ικανό να καλύψει τις υποχρεώσεις της Βρετανίας στο Ευρωπαϊκό Μέτωπο. (el) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1. Earl Kitchener KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (* 24. Juni 1850 bei Listowel, im County Kerry in Irland; † 5. Juni 1916 im Nordatlantik westlich der Orkney-Inseln) war britischer Feldmarschall und Politiker. Er befehligte die britischen Truppen bei der Niederschlagung des Mahdi-Aufstandes in Sudan und im Burenkrieg. Er reorganisierte, als deren Oberbefehlshaber, die British Indian Army und war Hochkommissar für Ägypten. Zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges wurde er Kriegsminister und stellte mit dem berühmten Slogan Lord Kitchener Wants You die so genannte Kitcheners Armee auf. (de) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, geroago Kitchenerreko 1. kondea (Ballylongford, Irlanda, 1850eko ekainaren 24a - itsasoan, Orkada uharteetan, 1916ko ekainaren 5a) ingeles militar eta politikaria izan zen. (eu) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (/ˈkɪtʃɪnər/; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his scorched earth policy against the Boers, his expansion of Lord Roberts' concentration camps during the Second Boer War and his central role in the early part of the First World War. Kitchener was credited in 1898 for having won the Battle of Omdurman and securing control of the Sudan for which he was made Baron Kitchener of Khartoum. As Chief of Staff (1900–1902) in the Second Boer War he played a key role in Roberts' conquest of the Boer Republics, then succeeded Roberts as commander-in-chief – by which time Boer forces had taken to guerrilla fighting and British forces imprisoned Boer civilians in concentration camps. His term as Commander-in-Chief (1902–1909) of the Army in India saw him quarrel with another eminent proconsul, the Viceroy Lord Curzon, who eventually resigned. Kitchener then returned to Egypt as British Agent and Consul-General (de facto administrator). In 1914, at the start of the First World War, Kitchener became Secretary of State for War, a Cabinet Minister. One of the few to foresee a long war, lasting for at least three years, and also having the authority to act effectively on that perception, he organised the largest volunteer army that Britain had seen, and oversaw a significant expansion of materiel production to fight on the Western Front. Despite having warned of the difficulty of provisioning for a long war, he was blamed for the shortage of shells in the spring of 1915 – one of the events leading to the formation of a coalition government – and stripped of his control over munitions and strategy. On 5 June 1916, Kitchener was making his way to Russia on HMS Hampshire to attend negotiations with Tsar Nicholas II when in bad weather the ship struck a German mine 1.5 miles (2.4 km) west of Orkney, Scotland, and sank. Kitchener was among 737 who died. (en) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, I conde de Kitchener (Ballylongford, Irlanda, 24 de junio de 1850 - Islas Orcadas, 5 de junio de 1916) fue un importante militar y político británico de origen irlandés. (es) Marascal machaire Briotanach, státaire, agus taidhleoir ab ea Horatio Herbert Kitchener, an Chéad Iarla Kitchener (24 Meitheamh 1850 – 5 Meitheamh 1916). Rugadh Kitchener sa bhliain 1850 i mBéal Átha Longfoirt, i gContae Chiarraí, mac leis an Lt. Col. Henry Horatio Kitchener (1805-1894) agus le Frances Anne Chevallier-Cole. Sasanaigh ab ea iad a cheannaigh talamh in Éirinn tamall beag roimhe sin. Bhí Kitchener i dtuaisceart na Súdáine sa bhliain 1884 nuair a chuir arm an Mahdí Cartúm faoi léigear. Bhí , oifigeach Sasanach, i gceannas ar fhórsaí na cathrach. Bhí ar Kitchener cumarsáid a choimeád oscailte le Cartúm go dtí go sroicheadh arm Briotanach an chathair chun deireadh a chur leis an léigear. Níor éirigh leo an chathair a shroicheadh in am, áfach. Ar deireadh, ar an 26ú lá d'Eanáir 1885, d'éirigh le harm an Mahdí an lámh in uachtar a bhaint amach. Maraíodh Gordon i dteach an ghobharnóra, agus baineadh a chloigeann dá chorp le taispeáint don Mhahdí go raibh sé marbh. Blianta ina dhiaidh sin cuireadh Kitchener i gceannas ar arm Briotánach-Éigipteach a rinneadh ionsaí ar an tSúdáin. D'éirigh leis deireadh a chur le rialtas an Mahdí i gCath Omdurman ar an dara lá de Mheán Fómhair 1898. Bhí sé ina ghobharnóir ar an tSúdáin go dtí mí na Nollag 1899, nuair a chuaigh sé go dtí an Afraic Theas. Bhí Kitchener ina ghinearál i nDara Cogadh na mBórach (1899–1902). (ga) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, dit lord Kitchener, né à Ballylongford (comté de Kerry, Irlande) le 24 juin 1850 et mort au large des Orcades le 5 juin 1916, est un maréchal et homme politique britannique. Son portrait figure sur l'affiche de propagande pour le recrutement de l'armée britannique durant la Première Guerre mondiale. (fr) Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (lahir 24 Juni 1850 – meninggal 5 Juni 1916) adalah seorang opsir tentara Inggris kawakan dan pengurus kolonial yang meperoleh ketenaran karena kampanye imperialisnya dan selanjutnya berperan penting dalam Perang Dunia pertama meskipun Ia meninggal di pertengahan periode perang tersebut.Kitchener meraih popularitas pada tahun 1898 karena memenangkan peperangan Orndurman dan memperoleh kontrol atas Sudan, yang setelah itu dia mendapatkan gelar “Lord Kitchener of Khartoum”;menjadi staf kepala (1900–02) pada perang Boer kedua di mana Ia memegan peran kunci penaklukan Raja Robert dari Republik Boer dan menggantikan Boer sebagai Kepala Komandan setelah berhasil menundukan tentara Boer dalam pertarungan gerilya dan tentara Inggris memenjarakan tentara Boer di kamp konsentrasi.Dia merupakan pencipta dari sebuah poster terkenal berjudul “Your country needs you!”; merupakan poster yang mengajak masyarakat untuk ikut berperang, tetapi saat ini malah menjadi bahan olok-olokan pada zaman modern.Kitchener meninggal pada tahun 1916 ketika perahu yang ditumpanginya untuk bernegosiasi dengan Rusia ditenggalamkan oleh bom jebakan Jerman. (in) 제1대 키치너 백작 허레이쇼 허버트 키치너(Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC, 1850년 6월 24일 ~ 1916년 6월 5일)는 1차 세계 대전 초기에 중요 역할을 수행한 이며, 식민지 총독이다. 키치너는 1898년 아프리카 수단의 에서 승리하여, 명성을 얻었다. 제1차 세계 대전 모병 포스터로 유명하며, 초기에 큰 역할을 했지만, 도중에 사망을 한다. 수단을 안정시킨후, "하르툼의 키치너 경"이라는 칭호가 주어졌다. 2차 보어 전쟁에서 참모 총장(1900-1902)으로 "로버츠 경"의 보어 공화국 정복에 중요한 역할을 하였으며, "로버츠 경"을 대신하여, 총사령관이 되었다. 그때는 보어 군대가 게릴라전을 수행하고 있었으며, 영국군은 보어 민간인을 캠프에 수감하던 때였다. 인도에 있는 영국군의 총사령관(1902-1909년)으로서 임기동안, 그는 총독 과 다툼이 있었으며, 커존 경은 마침내 사임하였다. 키치너는 그 후 이집트 총영사로 복귀하였다. 1914년 1차 세계 대전 초기에 내각의 이 되었다. 긴 전쟁을 예견한 사람들중의 한명인 그는, 대규모의 의용군을 조직했다. 키치너 모병 포스터에서의 그의 명령적인 이미지 " 조국은 당신을 필요로 한다"(BRITONS WANTS YOU)는 오늘날까지 유명하다. 1916년 협상을 하기 위해 장갑순양함 HMS 햄프셔를 몰고 러시아로 가던 중, 그가 승선한 전함이 독일 잠수함 U-75의 기뢰 공격을 받고 오크니 제도 서쪽 해역에서 침몰, 사망하였다. (ko) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, sinds 1914 graaf Kitchener, (County Kerry, Ierland, 24 juni 1850 - 5 juni 1916) was een Britse staatsman en veldmaarschalk. (nl) 初代キッチナー伯爵ホレイショ・ハーバート・キッチナー(英語: The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener,KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCMG GCIE PC、1850年6月24日 - 1916年6月5日)は、イギリスの陸軍軍人。最終階級は元帥。初代キッチナー伯、ガーター勲爵士、聖パトリック勲爵士、バス最上級勲爵士、メリット勲爵士、インドの星最上級勲爵士、聖ミカエルおよび聖ゲオルギウス最上級勲爵士、インド帝国最上級勲爵士、ヴィクトリア女王付き副官、枢密顧問官の称号を持つ。第一次世界大戦が開戦すると陸軍大臣に任命され、1916年の死までその職を務めた。 (ja) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (ur. 24 czerwca 1850 w , hrabstwo Kerry, zm. 5 czerwca 1916 na zachód od Orkadów) – brytyjski wojskowy, marszałek polny i polityk. Podczas powstania Mahdiego w Sudanie, po śmierci generała Gordona, dowodził wysłaną z Egiptu ekspedycją, która miała pokonać rebeliantów. 2 września 1898 r. rozbił ich pod Omdurmanem. Potem dowodził siłami brytyjskimi w czasie II wojny burskiej. Powszechnie szanowany i popularny, po wybuchu I wojny światowej wrócił do kraju i został ministrem wojny w liberalnym rządzie Asquitha. Zorganizował szybką rozbudowę armii. Jako jeden z nielicznych polityków i wojskowych przewidywał, że wojna może potrwać kilka lat. Jego wizerunek z „wycelowanym” w widzów palcem wskazującym umieszczono na plakatach Lord Kitchener Wants You, zachęcających Brytyjczyków do wstępowania do wojska. Zginął wskutek zatopienia krążownika pancernego HMS „Hampshire” przez niemieckiego U-Boota. Wyspę na Nilu w egipskim Asuanie, na której istnieje ogród botaniczny, nazwano „Wyspą Kitchenera”. (pl) Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, I conte Kitchener (Ballylongford, 24 giugno 1850 – mare delle isole Orcadi, 5 giugno 1916) è stato un generale britannico, vincitore della guerra boera, grande organizzatore militare in patria e nei domini britannici. (it) O Marechal-de-campo Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1º Conde Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 de junho de 1850 — 5 de junho de 1916) foi um militar graduado do Exército Britânico e administrador colonial que ganhou notoriedade por suas campanhas imperiais, incluindo ordens dadas de "terra arrasada" contra os bôeres e estabelecimento de campos de concentração na África do Sul durante a Segunda Guerra dos Bôeres. Ele mais tarde se envolveu no comando de operações militares no começo da Primeira Grande Guerra, na posição de Secretário de Estado para assuntos de guerra. (pt) Гора́цио Ге́рберт Ки́тченер (или Гора́ций), 1-й граф Китченер (англ. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener; 24 июня 1850, Баллилонгфорд, Ирландия — 5 июня 1916, около Оркнейских островов) — британский военный деятель. Титулы: фельдмаршал (10 сентября 1909 года), барон (1898 год), виконт (1902 год), граф (1914 год). (ru) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1:e earl Kitchener, född 24 juni 1850 i Ballylongford i grevskapet Kerry på Irland, död 5 juni 1916 till havs utanför Orkneyöarna, var en brittisk militär, fältmarskalk 1909 och krigsminister från 1914. (sv) Герберт Кітченер (англ. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener) — британський військовий діяч. Титули: фельдмаршал (10 вересня 1909 року), барон (1898 рік), віконт (1902 рік), граф (1914 рік). (uk) 第一代基奇纳伯爵霍雷肖·赫伯特·基奇纳,KG,KP,GCB,OM,,GCMG,GCIE,ADC,PC(英語:Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener;1850年6月24日-1916年6月5日),生于英國爱尔兰,英国陆军元帅,参与多场英国殖民战争,第一次世界大战初期中心人物,1916年6月5日因船觸雷溺亡。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment Horatio Herbert Kitchener Mariscal de Camp, 1r Comte Kitchener, (24 de juny de 1850 – 5 de juny de 1916) va ser un militar britànic d'origen irlandès i procònsol que adquirí fama per les seves campanyes imperials i que, posteriorment té un paper principal als primers estadis de la Primera Guerra Mundial. Va obtenir el honors següents: orde de la Lligacama (KG), Orde de Sant Patrici (KP), Orde del Bany (CCB), Orde del Mèrit (OM), Orde de l'Estrella de l'Índia (GCSI), Orde de Sant Miquel i Sant Jordi (GCMG), Orde de l'Imperi Indi (GCIE), Ajudant de Camp (ADC) i Consell Privat de Sa Majestat (PC). (ca) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1. hrabě Kitchener (24. června 1850 – 5. června 1916) byl britský maršál a politik. (cs) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1. Earl Kitchener KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (* 24. Juni 1850 bei Listowel, im County Kerry in Irland; † 5. Juni 1916 im Nordatlantik westlich der Orkney-Inseln) war britischer Feldmarschall und Politiker. Er befehligte die britischen Truppen bei der Niederschlagung des Mahdi-Aufstandes in Sudan und im Burenkrieg. Er reorganisierte, als deren Oberbefehlshaber, die British Indian Army und war Hochkommissar für Ägypten. Zu Beginn des Ersten Weltkrieges wurde er Kriegsminister und stellte mit dem berühmten Slogan Lord Kitchener Wants You die so genannte Kitcheners Armee auf. (de) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, geroago Kitchenerreko 1. kondea (Ballylongford, Irlanda, 1850eko ekainaren 24a - itsasoan, Orkada uharteetan, 1916ko ekainaren 5a) ingeles militar eta politikaria izan zen. (eu) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, I conde de Kitchener (Ballylongford, Irlanda, 24 de junio de 1850 - Islas Orcadas, 5 de junio de 1916) fue un importante militar y político británico de origen irlandés. (es) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, dit lord Kitchener, né à Ballylongford (comté de Kerry, Irlande) le 24 juin 1850 et mort au large des Orcades le 5 juin 1916, est un maréchal et homme politique britannique. Son portrait figure sur l'affiche de propagande pour le recrutement de l'armée britannique durant la Première Guerre mondiale. (fr) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, sinds 1914 graaf Kitchener, (County Kerry, Ierland, 24 juni 1850 - 5 juni 1916) was een Britse staatsman en veldmaarschalk. (nl) 初代キッチナー伯爵ホレイショ・ハーバート・キッチナー(英語: The Right Honourable Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener,KG KP GCB OM GCSI GCMG GCIE PC、1850年6月24日 - 1916年6月5日)は、イギリスの陸軍軍人。最終階級は元帥。初代キッチナー伯、ガーター勲爵士、聖パトリック勲爵士、バス最上級勲爵士、メリット勲爵士、インドの星最上級勲爵士、聖ミカエルおよび聖ゲオルギウス最上級勲爵士、インド帝国最上級勲爵士、ヴィクトリア女王付き副官、枢密顧問官の称号を持つ。第一次世界大戦が開戦すると陸軍大臣に任命され、1916年の死までその職を務めた。 (ja) Lord Horatio Herbert Kitchener, I conte Kitchener (Ballylongford, 24 giugno 1850 – mare delle isole Orcadi, 5 giugno 1916) è stato un generale britannico, vincitore della guerra boera, grande organizzatore militare in patria e nei domini britannici. (it) O Marechal-de-campo Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1º Conde Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, ADC, PC (24 de junho de 1850 — 5 de junho de 1916) foi um militar graduado do Exército Britânico e administrador colonial que ganhou notoriedade por suas campanhas imperiais, incluindo ordens dadas de "terra arrasada" contra os bôeres e estabelecimento de campos de concentração na África do Sul durante a Segunda Guerra dos Bôeres. Ele mais tarde se envolveu no comando de operações militares no começo da Primeira Grande Guerra, na posição de Secretário de Estado para assuntos de guerra. (pt) Гора́цио Ге́рберт Ки́тченер (или Гора́ций), 1-й граф Китченер (англ. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener; 24 июня 1850, Баллилонгфорд, Ирландия — 5 июня 1916, около Оркнейских островов) — британский военный деятель. Титулы: фельдмаршал (10 сентября 1909 года), барон (1898 год), виконт (1902 год), граф (1914 год). (ru) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1:e earl Kitchener, född 24 juni 1850 i Ballylongford i grevskapet Kerry på Irland, död 5 juni 1916 till havs utanför Orkneyöarna, var en brittisk militär, fältmarskalk 1909 och krigsminister från 1914. (sv) Герберт Кітченер (англ. Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener) — британський військовий діяч. Титули: фельдмаршал (10 вересня 1909 року), барон (1898 рік), віконт (1902 рік), граф (1914 рік). (uk) 第一代基奇纳伯爵霍雷肖·赫伯特·基奇纳,KG,KP,GCB,OM,,GCMG,GCIE,ADC,PC(英語:Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener;1850年6月24日-1916年6月5日),生于英國爱尔兰,英国陆军元帅,参与多场英国殖民战争,第一次世界大战初期中心人物,1916年6月5日因船觸雷溺亡。 (zh) المشير الميداني هوراشيو هربرت كتشنر، الإيرل الأول كتشنر، الحائز على وسام فرسان الرباط (كيه جي)، ووسام القديس باتريك (كيه بّي)، ووسام آمر الطريق برتبة فارس أعظم (جي سي بس)، ووسام الاستحقاق (أو إم)، ووسام نجمة الهند (جي سي إس آي)، ووسام القديس ميخائيل والقديس جرجس (جي سي إم جي)، ووسام إمبراطورية الهند برتبة فارس أعظم (جي سي آي إي)، وعضو المجلس الخاص للمملكة المتحدة (بّي سي) (المولود 24 يونيو 1850 – المتوفى 5 يونيو 1916) هو ضابط كبير في الجيش البريطاني من أصل أيرلندي، ومسؤول استعماري اكتسب سمعة سيئة لحملاته الإمبراطورية، لا سيما سياسته الأرض المحروقة ضد البوير وإنشائه معسكرات الاعتقال خلال حرب البوير الثانية التي مات فيها 18000 إلى 28000 رجل وامرأة وطفل، بشكل رئيسي من أوبئة الأمراض، ولعب لاحقًا دورًا مركزيًا في الجزء الأول من الحرب العالمية الأولى. (ar) Ο Οράτιος Χέρμπερτ Κίτσενερ, 1ος κόμης Κίτσενερ (Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 24 Ιουνίου 1850 – 5 Ιουνίου 1916) ήταν Βρετανός στρατάρχης και ανθύπατος, ο οποίος απέκτησε φήμη για τις αποικιακές εκστρατείες τις οποίες διηύθυνε, και αργότερα για το σημαντικό ρόλο που έπαιξε κατά τις πρώιμες φάσεις του Πρώτου Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου, αν και πέθανε στα μισά αυτού. Πέθανε το 1916, όταν το πολεμικό σκάφος που τον μετέφερε για διαπραγματεύσεις στη Ρωσία βυθίστηκε από γερμανική νάρκη. (el) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC (/ˈkɪtʃɪnər/; 24 June 1850 – 5 June 1916) was a senior British Army officer and colonial administrator. Kitchener came to prominence for his imperial campaigns, his scorched earth policy against the Boers, his expansion of Lord Roberts' concentration camps during the Second Boer War and his central role in the early part of the First World War. (en) Marascal machaire Briotanach, státaire, agus taidhleoir ab ea Horatio Herbert Kitchener, an Chéad Iarla Kitchener (24 Meitheamh 1850 – 5 Meitheamh 1916). Rugadh Kitchener sa bhliain 1850 i mBéal Átha Longfoirt, i gContae Chiarraí, mac leis an Lt. Col. Henry Horatio Kitchener (1805-1894) agus le Frances Anne Chevallier-Cole. Sasanaigh ab ea iad a cheannaigh talamh in Éirinn tamall beag roimhe sin. (ga) Field Marshal Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (lahir 24 Juni 1850 – meninggal 5 Juni 1916) adalah seorang opsir tentara Inggris kawakan dan pengurus kolonial yang meperoleh ketenaran karena kampanye imperialisnya dan selanjutnya berperan penting dalam Perang Dunia pertama meskipun Ia meninggal di pertengahan periode perang tersebut.Kitchener meraih popularitas pada tahun 1898 karena memenangkan peperangan Orndurman dan memperoleh kontrol atas Sudan, yang setelah itu dia mendapatkan gelar “Lord Kitchener of Khartoum”;menjadi staf kepala (1900–02) pada perang Boer kedua di mana Ia memegan peran kunci penaklukan Raja Robert dari Republik Boer dan menggantikan Boer sebagai Kepala Komandan setelah berhasil menundukan tentara Boer dalam pertarungan gerilya dan tentara Inggris memen (in) 제1대 키치너 백작 허레이쇼 허버트 키치너(Horatio Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener, KG, KP, GCB, OM, GCSI, GCMG, GCIE, PC, 1850년 6월 24일 ~ 1916년 6월 5일)는 1차 세계 대전 초기에 중요 역할을 수행한 이며, 식민지 총독이다. 키치너는 1898년 아프리카 수단의 에서 승리하여, 명성을 얻었다. 제1차 세계 대전 모병 포스터로 유명하며, 초기에 큰 역할을 했지만, 도중에 사망을 한다. 1916년 협상을 하기 위해 장갑순양함 HMS 햄프셔를 몰고 러시아로 가던 중, 그가 승선한 전함이 독일 잠수함 U-75의 기뢰 공격을 받고 오크니 제도 서쪽 해역에서 침몰, 사망하였다. (ko) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (ur. 24 czerwca 1850 w , hrabstwo Kerry, zm. 5 czerwca 1916 na zachód od Orkadów) – brytyjski wojskowy, marszałek polny i polityk. Podczas powstania Mahdiego w Sudanie, po śmierci generała Gordona, dowodził wysłaną z Egiptu ekspedycją, która miała pokonać rebeliantów. 2 września 1898 r. rozbił ich pod Omdurmanem. Potem dowodził siłami brytyjskimi w czasie II wojny burskiej. Powszechnie szanowany i popularny, po wybuchu I wojny światowej wrócił do kraju i został ministrem wojny w liberalnym rządzie Asquitha. Zorganizował szybką rozbudowę armii. Jako jeden z nielicznych polityków i wojskowych przewidywał, że wojna może potrwać kilka lat. Jego wizerunek z „wycelowanym” w widzów palcem wskazującym umieszczono na plakatach Lord Kitchener Wants You, zachęcających Brytyj (pl)
rdfs:label هربرت كتشنر (ar) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (ca) Horatio Kitchener (cs) Herbert Kitchener, 1. Earl Kitchener (de) Χέρμπερτ Κίτσενερ, 1ος κόμης Κίτσενερ (el) Herbert Kitchener (es) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (eu) Herbert Kitchener, an Chéad Iarla Kitchener (ga) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (in) Herbert Kitchener, 1st Earl Kitchener (en) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (fr) Horatio Herbert Kitchener, I conte Kitchener (it) 제1대 키치너 백작 허버트 키치너 (ko) ホレイショ・ハーバート・キッチナー (ja) Herbert Kitchener (nl) Horatio Kitchener (pl) Китченер, Герберт (ru) Horatio Herbert Kitchener (pt) Herbert Kitchener, 1:e earl Kitchener (sv) Герберт Кітченер (uk) 第一代基奇纳伯爵赫伯特·基奇纳 (zh)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Anglo-Egyptian_invasion_of_Sudan
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foaf:name The Earl Kitchener (en)
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