Picturesque (original) (raw)
El pintoresc és una categoria estètica sorgida en el segle xviii al Regne Unit, íntimament relacionada amb el moviment romàntic. El terme prové del mot italià pittoresco, que significa ‘similar a la pintura’, ‘a la manera del pintor’, i vol expressar una propietat dels objectes, paisatges, o qualsevol altre element del món dels sentits, que per les seves característiques, qualitats, bellesa o singularitat és digne de ser pintat, de ser representat en una obra d'art. El pintoresc és aquell estímul visual que aporta una sensació tal de singularitat que pensem que hauria de ser immortalitzat en un quadre.
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| dbo:abstract | El pintoresc és una categoria estètica sorgida en el segle xviii al Regne Unit, íntimament relacionada amb el moviment romàntic. El terme prové del mot italià pittoresco, que significa ‘similar a la pintura’, ‘a la manera del pintor’, i vol expressar una propietat dels objectes, paisatges, o qualsevol altre element del món dels sentits, que per les seves característiques, qualitats, bellesa o singularitat és digne de ser pintat, de ser representat en una obra d'art. El pintoresc és aquell estímul visual que aporta una sensació tal de singularitat que pensem que hauria de ser immortalitzat en un quadre. (ca) Malebnost nebo malebno je ideál, který popisuje estetickou a výtvarnou kvalitu krajiny, krajinného či urbanistického celku půvabně působící svou barevnou či tvarovou rozmanitostí. (cs) Das Picturesque ist ein ästhetisches Ideal, das 1782 von William Gilpin in die englische Kulturdebatte eingeführt wurde. (de) Lo pintoresco es una categoría estética surgida en el siglo XVIII en el Reino Unido, íntimamente relacionada con el movimiento romántico. El término proviene del vocablo italiano pittoresco, que significa «similar a la pintura», «a la manera del pintor», queriendo expresar una propiedad de los objetos, paisajes o cualquier otro elemento del mundo de los sentidos que, por sus características, cualidades, belleza o singularidad, es digno de ser pintado, de ser representado en una obra de arte. Lo pintoresco es aquel estímulo visual que aporta una sensación tal de singularidad que pensamos que debería ser inmortalizado en un cuadro. (es) Le pittoresque est originellement la qualité d'une chose digne d'être représentée en peinture. Cette notion esthétique apparait au XVIIIe siècle, et traduit typiquement l'apparence exceptionnelle, colorée, originale, piquante, curieuse ou exotique d'un paysage qui mériterait d'être représenté par un tableau. Du sujet pictural, par extension, l'usage de pittoresque s'est étendu pour exprimer la qualité originale, insolite, étrange d'une chose non visuelle : le caractère pittoresque d'une personne, un langage pittoresque, une musique pittoresque, etc. (fr) Picturesque is an aesthetic ideal introduced into English cultural debate in 1782 by William Gilpin in Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, etc. Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; made in the Summer of the Year 1770, a practical book which instructed England's leisured travellers to examine "the face of a country by the rules of picturesque beauty". Picturesque, along with the aesthetic and cultural strands of Gothic and Celticism, was a part of the emerging Romantic sensibility of the 18th century. The term "picturesque" needs to be understood in relationship to two other aesthetic ideals: the beautiful and the sublime. By the last third of the 18th century, Enlightenment and rationalist ideas about aesthetics were being challenged by looking at the experiences of beauty and sublimity as non-rational. Aesthetic experience was not just a rational decision – one did not look at a pleasing curved form and decide it was beautiful; rather it came naturally as a matter of basic human instinct. Edmund Burke in his 1757 A Philosophical Enquiry into the Origin of Our Ideas of the Sublime and Beautiful argued that the soft gentle curves appealed to the male sexual desire, while the sublime horrors appealed to our desires for self-preservation. Picturesque arose as a mediator between these opposed ideals of beauty and the sublime, showing the possibilities that existed between these two rationally idealised states. As Thomas Gray wrote in 1765 of the Scottish Highlands: "The mountains are ecstatic […]. None but those monstrous creatures of God know how to join so much beauty with so much horror." (en) Con il termine pittoresco si intende tutto ciò che, prestandosi ad una rappresentazione pittorica, è dotato di determinate qualità: varietà e un gradevole disordine. (it) ピクチャレスク（英: Picturesque）は、の『主としてピクチャレスク美に関してワイ川および南ウェールズの幾つかの地形その他の1770年夏になされた観察』によって、1782年に初めてイギリスに文化的な議論として導入された審美上の理念である。この書は「ピクチャレスク美の規則に従ってある地方の表情」を吟味する、余暇旅行者を教化した実用本だった。ゴシックやといった審美的文化的陣営とともに、ピクチャレスクは、18世紀に新たに出現しつつあったロマン主義的感性の一部をなしていた。 ギルピンの書名が示唆するように、ピクチャレスクは、他の二つの審美理念との関係において説明を要するものである。その二つとは「美」と「崇高」である。既に18世紀も残り3分の1となる頃には、審美に関する啓蒙合理主義の理念は、美と崇高の経験を非・合理的（本能的）なものとして見ることで、疑問視されつつあった。審美経験は単純な合理判断ではなく - 人は魅力的な曲線形態を見て、それを美しいと判断するわけではない - むしろそれは人の基本本能の問題であり、自然とやってくるものなのである。 1757年の『美と崇高の理念の起源に関する哲学的考察』においてエドマンド・バークは、柔らかで穏やかな曲線は男性の性的欲望に訴え、一方で崇高な恐怖はわれわれの自己防御の欲望に訴えると考えられる、と述べた 。美と崇高という、合理的に理念化された状態のあいだの存在の可能性を示しつつ、なおかつこの美と崇高という対立理念の調停者として、ピクチャレスクは登場した。トーマス・グレイが1765年にスコットランド・ハイランド地方について書いたように、「この山々は恍惚とさせる…それ以外の何ものでもない…かくなる恐怖にかくなる美がいかに結合するかを、神は知りたまう」。 (ja) Pitoresco é um conceito da Estética que faz referência às impressões subjetivas desencadeadas pela contemplação de uma cena paisagística em relação à pintura. Surgiu como um intermediário entre as idéias do Sublime e do Belo, durante o desenvolvimento do Romantismo. A palavra deriva do italiano pittoresco, "semelhante ou feito como uma pintura". A expressão alla pittoresca no Maneirismo tinha uma acepção literal, e significava algo feito à maneira da pintura, como é usada por Vasari. No século seguinte a usou para descrever o estilo de pincelada da escola veneziana de pintura. Pitoresco só começou a ser usado como uma descrição de uma qualidade estética específica na Inglaterra do início do século XVIII, quando Joseph Addison em Pleasures of the Imagination, 1712, distinguiu três qualidades estéticas principais: beleza, grandeza (sublimidade) e singularidade (pitoresco). Edmund Burke descreveu a pintura de Claude Lorrain e Nicolas Poussin como pitoresca. Pouco mais tarde propôs a observação da paisagem natural através das regras da composição pictórica, e se tornou uma moda grupos de turistas viajarem pelo interior munidos de um aparato visual que enquadrava a paisagem à guisa de uma pintura. por fim definiu Pitoresco como uma qualidade intermediária entre o conceito de Sublime e o do Belo, e disse que essa qualidade era enfatizada quando na paisagem apareciam elementos como a rusticidade, a irregularidade e a variedade, com velhas casas, ruínas da antiguidade e árvores frondosas com aspecto secular. Logo o conceito repercutiu de volta sobre a pintura romântica, que buscou retratar paisagens com essas características, e se tornou importante na evolução da arte do paisagismo inglês, dando origem à criação de jardins que combinavam aspectos formais e outros informais e exóticos, com bosques, prados, pagodes, riachos e grutas artificiais ou simulações de ruínas antigas. No século XIX negou a existência do pitoresco, e disse que ele só existia na mente do observador, que via a paisagem através de sua educação cultural e transferia para ela conceitos artísticos. (pt) Пикчуреск, или живописный стиль (англ. picturesque, от итал. pittoresco — живописный, картинный) — термин употребляется во многих значениях. Буквально — эстетическое качество живописности, противопоставляемое графичности или скульптурности (осязательности, тактильности) формы в разных видах искусства. Со временем этим термином стали обозначать историко-региональное художественное течение и даже художественный стиль, развивавшийся параллельно с неоклассицизмом в английском, а затем и в западноевропейском, искусстве второй половины XVIII века. Стиль «пикчуреск» складывался в качестве романтической оппозиции рационализму, тенденции к соблюдению точности и ясности, которая наметилась в XVIII веке, в эпоху Просвещения. При этом акцентировались идеи и качества природной чувственности, сентиментальности, разнообразия и неупорядоченности форм. В редких случаях термином «живописная манера» (фр. genre pittoresque) в середине XVIII века обозначали необычные для того времени, причудливые орнаментальные композиции художников французского рококо: Николя Пино, Жюст-Ореля Мейссонье и Франсуа де Кювилье. (ru) Піторе́ск (англ. picturesque — мальовничий; лат. pictor — маляр (художник), лат. pictum — малювати; італ. pittore — маляр, італ. pittoresco — мальовничий) — стиль у мистецтві, який передував ампіру, та течія у філософії (естетиці). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | El pintoresc és una categoria estètica sorgida en el segle xviii al Regne Unit, íntimament relacionada amb el moviment romàntic. El terme prové del mot italià pittoresco, que significa ‘similar a la pintura’, ‘a la manera del pintor’, i vol expressar una propietat dels objectes, paisatges, o qualsevol altre element del món dels sentits, que per les seves característiques, qualitats, bellesa o singularitat és digne de ser pintat, de ser representat en una obra d'art. El pintoresc és aquell estímul visual que aporta una sensació tal de singularitat que pensem que hauria de ser immortalitzat en un quadre. (ca) Malebnost nebo malebno je ideál, který popisuje estetickou a výtvarnou kvalitu krajiny, krajinného či urbanistického celku půvabně působící svou barevnou či tvarovou rozmanitostí. (cs) Das Picturesque ist ein ästhetisches Ideal, das 1782 von William Gilpin in die englische Kulturdebatte eingeführt wurde. (de) Lo pintoresco es una categoría estética surgida en el siglo XVIII en el Reino Unido, íntimamente relacionada con el movimiento romántico. El término proviene del vocablo italiano pittoresco, que significa «similar a la pintura», «a la manera del pintor», queriendo expresar una propiedad de los objetos, paisajes o cualquier otro elemento del mundo de los sentidos que, por sus características, cualidades, belleza o singularidad, es digno de ser pintado, de ser representado en una obra de arte. Lo pintoresco es aquel estímulo visual que aporta una sensación tal de singularidad que pensamos que debería ser inmortalizado en un cuadro. (es) Le pittoresque est originellement la qualité d'une chose digne d'être représentée en peinture. Cette notion esthétique apparait au XVIIIe siècle, et traduit typiquement l'apparence exceptionnelle, colorée, originale, piquante, curieuse ou exotique d'un paysage qui mériterait d'être représenté par un tableau. Du sujet pictural, par extension, l'usage de pittoresque s'est étendu pour exprimer la qualité originale, insolite, étrange d'une chose non visuelle : le caractère pittoresque d'une personne, un langage pittoresque, une musique pittoresque, etc. (fr) Con il termine pittoresco si intende tutto ciò che, prestandosi ad una rappresentazione pittorica, è dotato di determinate qualità: varietà e un gradevole disordine. (it) Піторе́ск (англ. picturesque — мальовничий; лат. pictor — маляр (художник), лат. pictum — малювати; італ. pittore — маляр, італ. pittoresco — мальовничий) — стиль у мистецтві, який передував ампіру, та течія у філософії (естетиці). (uk) Picturesque is an aesthetic ideal introduced into English cultural debate in 1782 by William Gilpin in Observations on the River Wye, and Several Parts of South Wales, etc. Relative Chiefly to Picturesque Beauty; made in the Summer of the Year 1770, a practical book which instructed England's leisured travellers to examine "the face of a country by the rules of picturesque beauty". Picturesque, along with the aesthetic and cultural strands of Gothic and Celticism, was a part of the emerging Romantic sensibility of the 18th century. (en) ピクチャレスク（英: Picturesque）は、の『主としてピクチャレスク美に関してワイ川および南ウェールズの幾つかの地形その他の1770年夏になされた観察』によって、1782年に初めてイギリスに文化的な議論として導入された審美上の理念である。この書は「ピクチャレスク美の規則に従ってある地方の表情」を吟味する、余暇旅行者を教化した実用本だった。ゴシックやといった審美的文化的陣営とともに、ピクチャレスクは、18世紀に新たに出現しつつあったロマン主義的感性の一部をなしていた。 ギルピンの書名が示唆するように、ピクチャレスクは、他の二つの審美理念との関係において説明を要するものである。その二つとは「美」と「崇高」である。既に18世紀も残り3分の1となる頃には、審美に関する啓蒙合理主義の理念は、美と崇高の経験を非・合理的（本能的）なものとして見ることで、疑問視されつつあった。審美経験は単純な合理判断ではなく - 人は魅力的な曲線形態を見て、それを美しいと判断するわけではない - むしろそれは人の基本本能の問題であり、自然とやってくるものなのである。 (ja) Pitoresco é um conceito da Estética que faz referência às impressões subjetivas desencadeadas pela contemplação de uma cena paisagística em relação à pintura. Surgiu como um intermediário entre as idéias do Sublime e do Belo, durante o desenvolvimento do Romantismo. A palavra deriva do italiano pittoresco, "semelhante ou feito como uma pintura". (pt) Пикчуреск, или живописный стиль (англ. picturesque, от итал. pittoresco — живописный, картинный) — термин употребляется во многих значениях. Буквально — эстетическое качество живописности, противопоставляемое графичности или скульптурности (осязательности, тактильности) формы в разных видах искусства. В редких случаях термином «живописная манера» (фр. genre pittoresque) в середине XVIII века обозначали необычные для того времени, причудливые орнаментальные композиции художников французского рококо: Николя Пино, Жюст-Ореля Мейссонье и Франсуа де Кювилье. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Picturesque (en) Pintoresc (ca) Malebnost (cs) Picturesque (de) Pintoresco (es) Pittoresque (fr) Pittoresco (it) ピクチャレスク (ja) Pitoresco (pt) Пикчуреск (ru) Пітореск (uk) |
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| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:William_Gilpin_(priest) |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Picturesque |
