Taiwanese indigenous peoples (original) (raw)
Els aborígens de Taiwan, indígenes de Taiwan (en xinès: 原住民, pinyin: yuánzhùmín, taiwanès: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitants originaris") o gaoshan (xinès: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú) és el nom genèric que reben els habitants originals de les zones muntanyenques de Taiwan.
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| dbo:abstract | Els aborígens de Taiwan, indígenes de Taiwan (en xinès: 原住民, pinyin: yuánzhùmín, taiwanès: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitants originaris") o gaoshan (xinès: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú) és el nom genèric que reben els habitants originals de les zones muntanyenques de Taiwan. (ca) التايوانيون الأصليون (ويُدعون: التايوانيون البلديون، والفورموسانيون، والتايوانيون الأسترونيزيون) هم سكان تايوان الأصليون، البالغ عددهم حاليًّا نحو 569,008 أو 2.38% من سكان الجزيرة؛ أو أكثر من 800,000 إذا احتسبنا احتمالية الاعتراف الرسمي بسكان السهل التايواني الأصليين. أشار بحث متأخر إلى أن تاريخ سلفهم قد يصل إلى 5,500 سنة، وأنهم عاشوا في عزلة نسبية قبل أن تبدأ هجرة كبيرة لِلهان (الصينيين) من البر الصيني الرئيس في القرن السابع عشر. التايوانيون البلديون الأسترونيزيون، متصلون لغويًا وجينيًا بغيرهم من الأسترونيزيين. وبمجموعات عِرقية منها: البولينيزيون، ومعظم سكان الفلبين وإندونيسيا وماليزيا وبروناي، وغيرهم. شهد التايوانيون البلديون قرونًا من المنافسة والصراع العسكري ضد سلسلة من الاستعماريين. فُرضت عليهم سياسات حكومية مركزية محفزة للتحول اللغوي والاستيعاب الثقافي، واستمر اتصالهم بالمستعمِرين من خلال التجارة والتزاوج وغيرهما من عمليات التثاقُف، فأدى كل هذا إلى درجات متفاوتة من الموت اللغوي وضياع الهوية الثقافية الأصلية. على سبيل المثال: كان بين التايوانيين البلديين 26 لغة تقريبًا (يُشار إليها معًا بـ «لغات الفورموسان»)، انقرض منها حتى الآن 10 على الأقل، و5 على وشك الانقراض، وبعضها مهدَّد إلى حد. لتلك اللغات أهمية تاريخية فريدة، فمعظم اللغويين التاريخيين يعدون تايوان الموطن الأصلي لعائلة اللغات الأسترونيزية. كان متحدثو الأسترونيزية التايوانيون منتشرين في جزء كبير من «السلسلة الجبلية الوسطى» الوعرة، وكانوا متركزين في قرى على طول السهول الرسوبية. يعيش أغلب المعاصرين منهم في الجبال والمدن. يعاني التايوانيون الأصليون من عيوب اقتصادية واجتماعية، منها ارتفاع معدل البطالة وسوء التعليم. منذ أوائل ثمانينيات القرن الماضي نَشطت عدة جماعات بلدية إلى دفع عجلة نموها الاقتصادي وزيادة مشاركتها السياسية. يدعو البلديون إلى إحياء الفخر العِرقي بعدة طرائق، منها: إدماج بعض عناصرهم الثقافية في موسيقا البوب الرائجة. تُبذل جهود في المجتمعات الأصلية لإحياء العادات الثقافية وحفظ اللغة التقليدية. ويُعد «المهرجان الثقافي الأسترونيزي» في مدينة تايتونج من الوسائل التي يَدعم بها أفراد مجتمعيون الثقافة البلدية. فوق ذلك، صارت عدة مجتمعات بلدية تشارك بفعالية في مجالَيِ السياحة والسياحة البيئية، لحفظ ثقافتها وزيادة استقلالها الاقتصادي. (ar) Indigene Völker Taiwans (chinesisch 原住民, Pinyin yuánzhùmín, W.-G. yüan2chu4min2 – „Ureinwohner, Urbevölkerung“) ist ein Sammelbegriff für die verschiedenen austronesischen Ureinwohnerstämme in Taiwan. Von der taiwanischen Regierung werden heute 16 Ureinwohnervölker offiziell anerkannt. Die anerkannten indigenen Völker haben heute einen Anteil von etwa 2,36 % an der Gesamtbevölkerung Taiwans (Stand Mai 2017: 555.438 Menschen). (de) La tajvanaj indiĝenoj (ĉine 原住民, pinjine: yuánzhùmín, Wade-Giles: yüan2-chu4-min2; hokle: Pe̍h-oē-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, laŭvorte originaj loĝantoj) estas la indiĝenaj aŭ indiĝenaj popoloj de Tajvano. Kvankam la tajvanaj indiĝenaroj havas diversajn rakontojn kaj mitojn pri la temo, laŭ nuntempaj esploroj ŝajnas ke iliaj prauloj eble vivis en la insuloj ĉirkaŭ 8000 jarojn antaŭ ol la vasta han-ĉina enmigrado komenciĝis en la 17-a jarcento. La formozaj lingvoj estas la lingvoj de la indiĝenaj popoloj de Tajvano. Tajvanaj indiĝenoj (tiuj rekonataj de la registaro) hodiaŭ konsistigas ĉirkaŭ 2.3 elcenton da la loĝantaro de la insulo. Tamen, multe malpli ankoraŭ povas paroli sian praan lingvon post jarcentoj da lingvoanstataŭado. (eo) Los aborígenes de Taiwán, denominados yuanzhumin en la República de China (en chino, 原住民; pinyin, yuánzhùmín, taiwanés: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitantes originarios"), o gaoshan en la República Popular China (chino: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú), es el nombre genérico que reciben los aborígenes de las zonas montañosas de la isla de Taiwán. (es) Les aborigènes de Taïwan (chinois : 原住民; pinyin: Yuan2 Zhu4 Min2, littéralement « les habitants originels ») sont les descendants des plus anciens occupants de l'île de Taïwan, cette population autochtone est estimée à environ 510 000 personnes en 2011, c'est-à-dire 2 % de la population de Taïwan. Ils seraient venus du sud-est de la Chine vers 3 000 avant notre ère. Leurs langues, dites formosanes, appartiennent à la famille austronésienne, qui comprend par ailleurs les langues des Philippines, de Malaisie, d'Indonésie, de Madagascar et d'Océanie. La génétique a par ailleurs démontré une origine taiwanaise des populations de l'Asie du Sud-Est insulaire. La différence entre leur identité ethnique et celle des Han est un sujet souvent abordé dans le débat sur le statut politique de Taïwan. Pendant plusieurs siècles, les autochtones se sont opposés aux puissances coloniales dans les domaines économiques et militaires. Les gouvernements centralisés encouragent une conversion linguistique et, plus généralement, une assimilation culturelle grâce au métissage. Ces processus sont responsables, à différents degrés, d'une extinction des langues et d'une perte d'identité ethnique. Ainsi, sur approximativement 26 langues originelles (généralement désignées sous le nom de langues formosanes), au moins dix ont disparu, cinq sont en danger, et plusieurs autres sont vulnérables. Jadis, les autochtones habitaient des régions géographiquement accidentées, le long de l'épine dorsale Nord-Sud de Taïwan, et autour des plaines alluviales. L'essentiel de ces peuples se trouve désormais à la fois dans les villes et les montagnes. Les autochtones de Taïwan font face à des difficultés économiques et sociales, notamment en raison d'un fort taux de chômage et d'un niveau d'éducation inférieur à la moyenne. Depuis les années 1980 pourtant, un certain nombre de groupes autochtones œuvrent activement en faveur d'une plus grande autonomie politique et d'un développement économique plus important. Différentes manières d'encourager la survie et l'extension de la culture indigène sont employées : une utilisation commercialement efficace de rythmes et d'instruments austronésiens dans la pop taïwanaise, la résurrection de rites traditionnels, la participation accentuée au marché du tourisme et de l'écotourisme afin de favoriser une meilleure indépendance économique vis-à-vis de l’État, ou encore la tenue du Festival de la Culture Austronésienne chaque année à Taitung, où se produisent des artistes d'Asie-Pacifique. (fr) Is grúpa eitneach Áiseach iad na Bundúchasaigh Fhormósacha. Is iad a bpríomhtheangacha. (ga) Penduduk asli Taiwan (Hanzi: 臺灣原住民; Pinyin: Táiwān yuánzhùmín; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn) adalah istilah yang umumnya ditujukan kepada suku bangsa pribumi di Taiwan, yang berjumlah lebih dari 530.000 jiwa dan meliputi sekitar 2,3% dari populasi di . Penelitian terkini menyatakan bahwa leluhur mereka tinggal di Taiwan pada sekitar 8.000 tahun yang lalu sebelum imigrasi besar Han yang dimulai pada abad ke-17. Penduduk asli Taiwan adalah suku bangsa Austronesia, dengan hubungan linguistik dan genetik dengan kelompok etnis Austronesia lainnya yang meliputi orang-orang dari Filipina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagaskar, dan Oseania. Masalah identitas etnis yang tak terhubung dengan Asia daratan telah menjadi salah satu salah satu bahan pembicaraan dalam permasalahan terkait status politik Taiwan. Selama berabad-abad, penduduk asli Taiwan mengalami persaingan ekonomi dan konflik militer dengan serangkaian para pendatang baru yang membuat koloni. Kebijakan-kebijakan pemerintah yang disentralisasi dirancang untuk diadakannya perubahan bahasa dan , serta kontak berkelanjutan dengan para anggota koloni melalui perdagangan, pernikahan silang dan proses silang budaya lainnya, yang mengakibatkan berbagai kematian bahasa dan hilangnya . Contohnya, dari sekitar 26 bahasa yang pernah dipakai penduduk asli Taiwan (secara kolektif disebut sebagai rumpun bahasa Formosa), sekitar sepuluh bahasa sekarang menjadi punah, lima bahasa hampir mati, dan beberapa bahasa meraih status bahasa terancam. Bahasa-bahasa tersebut merupakan signifikansi sejarah yang unik, sejak sebagian besar linguis sejarah menganggap Taiwan sebagai tempat asal dari keluarga bahasa Austronesia. Para pemakai bahasa Austronesia di Taiwan awalnya tersebar di sebagian besar wilayah pegunungan di tengah pulau tersebut dan terkonsentradi di desa-desa di sepanjang . Sejumlah besar penduduk asli Taiwan saat ini tinggal di pegunungan dan perkotaan. Penduduk asli Taiwan menghadapi masalah ekonomi dan sosial, yang meliputi angka pengangguran yang tinggi dan pendidikan yang masih di bawah standar. Sejak awal 1980-an, beberapa kelompok penduduk asli aktif memperjuangkan peningkatan politik penentuan nasib sendiri dan . Kebangkitan kesadaran etnis dikeluarkan dalam beberapa cara oleh penduduk asli, termasuk memasukkan unsur-unsur budaya mereka dalam musik pop yang sukses secara komerial. Upaya yang dilakukan oleh penduduk asli tersebut dilakukan untuk membangkitkan praktik kebudayaan tradisional dan menyajikan bahasa-bahasa tradisional mereka. Festival Kebudayaan Austronesia di Kota Taitung adalah salah satu acara dimana para anggota suku mempromosikan budaya penduduk asli. Selain itu, beberapa suku-suku pribumi secara khusus terlibat dalam industri pariwisata dan dengan tujuan meningkatkan ekonomi berdikari dan menyajikan budaya mereka. (in) Taiwanese indigenous peoples (formerly Taiwanese aborigines), also known as Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese, Yuanzhumin or Gaoshan people, are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, with the nationally recognized subgroups numbering about 569,000 or 2.38% of the island's population. This total is increased to more than 800,000 if the indigenous peoples of the plains in Taiwan are included, pending future official recognition. When including those of mixed ancestry, such a number is possibly more than a million. Academic research suggests that their ancestors have been living on Taiwan for approximately 6,500 years. A wide body of evidence suggests Taiwan's indigenous peoples maintained regular trade networks with regional cultures before the Han Chinese colonists began settling on the island from the 17th century. Taiwanese indigenous peoples are Austronesians, with linguistic and cultural ties to other Austronesian peoples in the region. Taiwan is also the origin and linguistic homeland of the oceanic Austronesian expansion whose descendant groups today include the majority of the ethnic groups throughout many parts of East and Southeast Asia as well as Oceania such as Brunei, East Timor, Indonesia, Malaysia, Madagascar, Philippines, Micronesia, and Polynesia. The Chams and Utsul of contemporary central and southern Vietnam and Hainan respectively are also a part of the Austronesian family. For centuries, Taiwan's indigenous inhabitants experienced economic competition and military conflict with a series of colonizing newcomers. Centralized government policies designed to foster language shift and cultural assimilation, as well as continued contact with the colonizers through trade, inter-marriage and other intercultural processes, have resulted in varying degrees of language death and loss of original cultural identity. For example, of the approximately 26 known languages of the Taiwanese indigenous peoples (collectively referred to as the Formosan languages), at least ten are now extinct, five are moribund and several are to some degree endangered. These languages are of unique historical significance since most historical linguists consider Taiwan to be the original homeland of the Austronesian language family. Due to discrimination or repression throughout the centuries, the indigenous peoples of Taiwan have statistically experienced economic and social inequality, including a high unemployment rate and substandard education. Some indigenous groups today continue to be unrecognized by the government. Since the early 1980s, many indigenous groups have been actively seeking a higher degree of political self-determination and economic development. The revival of ethnic pride is expressed in many ways by the indigenous peoples, including the incorporation of elements of their culture into cultural commodities such as cultural tourism, pop music and sports. Taiwan's Austronesian speakers were formerly distributed over much of the Taiwan archipelago, including the Central Mountain Range villages along the alluvial plains, as well as Orchid Island, Green Island, and Liuqiu Island. The bulk of contemporary Taiwanese indigenous peoples currently reside both in their traditional mountain villages as well as Taiwan's urban areas. Ever since the end of the White Terror, efforts have been under way in indigenous communities to revive traditional cultural practices and preserve their traditional languages on the now Han Chinese majority island and for the latter to better understand more about them. The Austronesian Cultural Festival in Taitung City is one means by which community members promote indigenous culture. In addition, several indigenous communities have become extensively involved in the tourism and ecotourism industries with the goal of achieving increased economic self-reliance and maintaining cultural integration. (en) 台湾原住民（たいわんげんじゅうみん）は、中国大陸からの移民が盛んになる17世紀以前から居住していた、台湾の先住民に対しての呼称。 (ja) 타이완 원주민(臺灣原住民, 영어: Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Taiwanese aborigines, Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese, Gāoshān people)은 한족(漢族)의 이주 이전부터 타이완섬과 그 주변 섬에 살고 있던 말레이계의 원주민족을 말하며, 이들은 여러 부족으로 나뉜다. 부족별로 언어가 다르나, 모두 오스트로네시아어족에 기인한다. (ko) Con Aborigeni di Taiwan o Aborigeni Taiwanesi (o Gaoshan; pinyin: Yuánzhùmínzú 原住民族; Taiwanese Pėh-ōe-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, letteralmente "abitanti nativi") si designano le popolazioni autoctone di Taiwan, dirette discendenti degli abitanti dell'isola precedentemente alla colonizzazione cinese nel XVII secolo. Il loro idioma appartiene al ceppo delle lingue austronesiane, il che ne indica le origini comuni con i popoli malesi delle Filippine, dell'Indonesia, della Malaysia e del Madagascar. (it) De inheemse volken van Taiwan zijn de oorspronkelijke bewoners van het eiland Taiwan, de volkeren die er al woonden voor de Han-Chinezen naar het eiland kwamen. Zij zijn niet verwant aan de Han, maar aan andere Austronesische volkeren. Er wordt aangenomen dat de inheemse volken van Taiwan oorspronkelijk uit Zuid-China kwamen, en vervolgens vanuit Taiwan zich over de andere eilanden in Zuidoost-Azië hebben verspreid. De inheemse volken worden gezien als een van de 56 officiële etnische groepen van de Volksrepubliek China, omdat de Volksrepubliek het eiland Taiwan als hun provincie ziet. De inheemse volken woonden aanvankelijk aan de kust, waar het land goed bewoonbaar is, maar toen er steeds meer Chinezen naar Taiwan kwamen, trokken de inheemse volken steeds meer het binnenland in, om in de meer onherbergzame bergen te gaan wonen. Er zijn tien door de regering van Taiwan erkende inheemse stammen: * ('Amis, Amis, Pangcah) (阿美) * (Tayal, Tayan) (泰雅) * (Truku) (太魯閣) * (布農) * (噶瑪蘭) * (排灣) * (卑南) * Rukai (魯凱) * (Saisiat) (賽夏) * Tsou (Cou) (鄒) * (邵) * (Tao) (雅美/達悟) De Taiwanese inheemse volken spreken Austronesische talen. Dit zijn de enige talen van deze groep die niet tot de Malayo-Polynesische talen behoren. Dat komt erop neer dat ze twintig van de 1268 Austronesische talen spreken, maar deze twintig talen vormen wel elf van de twaalf takken van deze familie. Vroeger werden deze talen samen Formosaanse talen genoemd, doch thans bevat deze tak nog maar twee talen. Het Yami is hierop een uitzondering, het is namelijk de enige Malayo-Polynesische taal in Taiwan en met deze taal spreken de Taiwanese inheemse volken dus 21 talen. Dit is een aanwijzing dat Formosa de bakermat van de Austronesische talen was en dat de grote expansie van deze talen in waarschijnlijk vanaf Formosa is begonnen. Dit is te vergelijken met het feit dat Engels een wereldtaal is maar de meeste aan het Engels gerelateerde talen in een relatief klein gebied in Noordwest-Europa gesproken worden, of het feit dat de meeste aan de Bantoetalen verwante talen in een relatief klein gebied in West-Afrika gesproken worden. (nl) Aborygeni tajwańscy (chiń. 原住民; pinyin yuánzhùmín) – autochtoniczna ludność Tajwanu. Republika Chińska oficjalnie uznaje 16 grup aborygeńskich: Ami, Atayal, Bunun, , , , Paiwan, Puyuma, , Saisiyat, , , , , Tsou, Yami. Posługują się językami tajwańskimi, należącymi do rodziny języków austronezyjskich. (pl) Абориге́ны Тайва́ня (кит. 原住民, пиньинь yuánzhùmín, палл. юаньчжуминь; тайв. goân-chū-bîn — «аборигены»; ранее хуань-а — «варвары») — группа народов на Тайване, составляющих коренное австронезийское население. Аборигены восточного Тайваня широко известны под названием гаоша́нь (кит. упр. 高山族, пиньинь gāoshānzú, палл. гаошаньцзу — «горный народ»), они составляют большинство аборигенного населения. Общая численность — 543 661 человек (2015), 576 792 человека (2020). Коренные народы Тайваня, имеющие австронезийские корни, живут на острове тысячелетиями. Согласно новейшим статистическим данным (2019), общая численность 16 официально признаваемых правительством аборигенных этнических групп составляет около 560 000, то есть их доля во всём населении страны, насчитывающем приблизительно 23,5 миллиона, составляет 2,3 %. (ru) Os Aborígenes de Taiwan (chinês: 原住民, pinyin: yuánzhùmín, taiwanés: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitantes iniciais"), Gaoshan (chino: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú) ou gaoxãs é o nome genérico aos moradores das zonas montanhosas de Taiwan. Os idiomas que os gaoshan falam pertencem a um ramo dos idiomas formosianos da familia das línguas austronésias. (pt) 臺灣原住民族是指原居於臺灣的民族，由17世紀漢族移民移入前，即已定居在此的數十個語言及生活方式不同之族群所構成，屬於南島民族；其中臺灣島的族群為南島語系臺灣南島語群，蘭嶼上的達悟族則屬於南島語系馬來-玻里尼西亞語族的巴丹語群。由於西方早期以「福爾摩沙」一詞稱呼臺灣，在部份文獻中又被稱為「福爾摩沙人」，意即「福爾摩沙島上的居民」。目前有16個民族被中華民國原住民族委員會官方承認，根據《原住民身份法》登記之戶口統計至少約58萬多人口（2022年9月），約佔臺灣人口的2.47%，是台灣的少數民族。 臺灣原住民族各族是臺灣的族群，但17世紀後受外來移民數量的擴張以致居住領域逐漸縮小；這些區域現今主要位於臺灣島東部、西部山區以及達悟族人居住的蘭嶼，並由官方劃定為山地鄉或直轄市山地原住民區，俗稱原鄉，享有一定程度的自治權。此外，原住民族長期以來因都市化而流入各大都會區，現今已有四成六人口設籍於都會區，部分區域之族人甚至認同其現居地為原鄉而形成部落。 (zh) Аборигени Тайваню (кит. 原住民, yuánzhùmín, юаньчжумінь; тайв. goân-chū-bîn — «аборигени»; раніше хуань-а- «варвари») — група народів на Тайвані, складових корінного австронезійського населення. Аборигени східного Тайваню широко відомі під назвою гаошань (кит. 高山族, gāoshānzú — «гірський народ»), вони становлять більшість аборигенного населення. Загальна чисельність — близько 407 тис. чол. (2005, оцінка). (uk) |
| dbo:language | dbr:Chinese_languages dbr:Bunun_language dbr:Amis_language dbr:Formosan_languages dbr:Paiwan_language dbr:Atayal_language dbr:Taiwanese_Hokkien |
| dbo:populationPlace | dbr:Taiwan dbr:Orchid_Island |
| dbo:religion | dbr:Christianity dbr:Animism |
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| dbp:bpmf | ㄊㄞˊㄨㄢ ㄩㄢˊㄓㄨˋ ㄇㄧㄣˊ (en) |
| dbp:caption | Paiwan and Rukai in Pingtung County (en) |
| dbp:group | Taiwanese indigenous peoples (en) |
| dbp:id | CIP-2004 (en) CPA-2010 (en) DGBAS-2000 (en) Ho Hi Yan-2005 (en) Legislative-2004 (en) Premier apologizes-2002 (en) Tao demand-2003 (en) Yeh-2003 (en) |
| dbp:l | High Mountain peoples (en) Plains peoples (en) Taiwanese original inhabitants (en) |
| dbp:labels | no (en) |
| dbp:languages | Chinese languages (en) Atayal, Bunun, Amis, Paiwan, other Formosan languages. (en) |
| dbp:p | Gāoshānzú (en) Dongfan (en) Píngpǔzú (en) Tái wān yuán zhù mín (en) |
| dbp:phfs | Thòi-vân Ngièn-chhu-mìn (en) |
| dbp:poj | Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn (en) |
| dbp:popplace | Taiwan and Orchid Island (en) |
| dbp:population | (en) ~569,000 or 2.38% of the population of Taiwan (en) |
| dbp:reference | Premier apologizes to Tao tribe. . Taipei Times. Pg. 3 (en) Council of Indigenous Peoples. . Table 1. Statistics of Indigenous Population in Taiwan and Fukien Areas for Townships, Cities and Districts (en) Yeh, Yu-ting . Atayal Narratives and Folktales, in the Formosan Language Archive. Taipei: The Institute of Linguistics, Academia Sinica (en) Council Of Labor Affairs, Executive Yuan. . Aboriginal Labor Statistics. Original version; Machine translated English version (en) Tao demand relocation of waste". . CNA, Taipei. Page 3 (en) Ho Hi Yan Hits the Airwaves. . Taipei City Government (en) The Legislative Yuan Republic of China. . Members of the Legislative Yuan (en) Directorate General of Budget, Accounting and Statistics, Executive Yuan, R.O.C. . . National Statistics, Republic of China . Preliminary statistical analysis report of 2000 Population and Housing Census. Excerpted from Table 29: The characteristics of indigenous population in Taiwan-Fukien Area (en) |
| dbp:relatedGroups | Taiwanese people, other Austronesians (en) |
| dbp:religions | Majority Christianity, minority Animism (en) |
| dbp:t | 東番 (en) |
| dbp:tl | Tâi-uân guân-tsū-bîn (en) |
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| dcterms:subject | dbc:Taiwanese_culture dbc:Ethnic_groups_in_Taiwan dbc:Headhunting dbc:Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples dbc:Indigenous_peoples_of_East_Asia dbc:Austronesian_culture dbc:Ancient_peoples_of_Asia |
| rdf:type | owl:Thing wikidata:Q41710 dbo:EthnicGroup |
| rdfs:comment | Els aborígens de Taiwan, indígenes de Taiwan (en xinès: 原住民, pinyin: yuánzhùmín, taiwanès: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitants originaris") o gaoshan (xinès: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú) és el nom genèric que reben els habitants originals de les zones muntanyenques de Taiwan. (ca) Indigene Völker Taiwans (chinesisch 原住民, Pinyin yuánzhùmín, W.-G. yüan2chu4min2 – „Ureinwohner, Urbevölkerung“) ist ein Sammelbegriff für die verschiedenen austronesischen Ureinwohnerstämme in Taiwan. Von der taiwanischen Regierung werden heute 16 Ureinwohnervölker offiziell anerkannt. Die anerkannten indigenen Völker haben heute einen Anteil von etwa 2,36 % an der Gesamtbevölkerung Taiwans (Stand Mai 2017: 555.438 Menschen). (de) Los aborígenes de Taiwán, denominados yuanzhumin en la República de China (en chino, 原住民; pinyin, yuánzhùmín, taiwanés: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitantes originarios"), o gaoshan en la República Popular China (chino: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú), es el nombre genérico que reciben los aborígenes de las zonas montañosas de la isla de Taiwán. (es) Is grúpa eitneach Áiseach iad na Bundúchasaigh Fhormósacha. Is iad a bpríomhtheangacha. (ga) 台湾原住民（たいわんげんじゅうみん）は、中国大陸からの移民が盛んになる17世紀以前から居住していた、台湾の先住民に対しての呼称。 (ja) 타이완 원주민(臺灣原住民, 영어: Taiwanese indigenous peoples, Taiwanese aborigines, Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese, Gāoshān people)은 한족(漢族)의 이주 이전부터 타이완섬과 그 주변 섬에 살고 있던 말레이계의 원주민족을 말하며, 이들은 여러 부족으로 나뉜다. 부족별로 언어가 다르나, 모두 오스트로네시아어족에 기인한다. (ko) Con Aborigeni di Taiwan o Aborigeni Taiwanesi (o Gaoshan; pinyin: Yuánzhùmínzú 原住民族; Taiwanese Pėh-ōe-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, letteralmente "abitanti nativi") si designano le popolazioni autoctone di Taiwan, dirette discendenti degli abitanti dell'isola precedentemente alla colonizzazione cinese nel XVII secolo. Il loro idioma appartiene al ceppo delle lingue austronesiane, il che ne indica le origini comuni con i popoli malesi delle Filippine, dell'Indonesia, della Malaysia e del Madagascar. (it) Aborygeni tajwańscy (chiń. 原住民; pinyin yuánzhùmín) – autochtoniczna ludność Tajwanu. Republika Chińska oficjalnie uznaje 16 grup aborygeńskich: Ami, Atayal, Bunun, , , , Paiwan, Puyuma, , Saisiyat, , , , , Tsou, Yami. Posługują się językami tajwańskimi, należącymi do rodziny języków austronezyjskich. (pl) Os Aborígenes de Taiwan (chinês: 原住民, pinyin: yuánzhùmín, taiwanés: gôan-chū-bîn, "habitantes iniciais"), Gaoshan (chino: 高山族; pinyin: Gāoshān zú) ou gaoxãs é o nome genérico aos moradores das zonas montanhosas de Taiwan. Os idiomas que os gaoshan falam pertencem a um ramo dos idiomas formosianos da familia das línguas austronésias. (pt) 臺灣原住民族是指原居於臺灣的民族，由17世紀漢族移民移入前，即已定居在此的數十個語言及生活方式不同之族群所構成，屬於南島民族；其中臺灣島的族群為南島語系臺灣南島語群，蘭嶼上的達悟族則屬於南島語系馬來-玻里尼西亞語族的巴丹語群。由於西方早期以「福爾摩沙」一詞稱呼臺灣，在部份文獻中又被稱為「福爾摩沙人」，意即「福爾摩沙島上的居民」。目前有16個民族被中華民國原住民族委員會官方承認，根據《原住民身份法》登記之戶口統計至少約58萬多人口（2022年9月），約佔臺灣人口的2.47%，是台灣的少數民族。 臺灣原住民族各族是臺灣的族群，但17世紀後受外來移民數量的擴張以致居住領域逐漸縮小；這些區域現今主要位於臺灣島東部、西部山區以及達悟族人居住的蘭嶼，並由官方劃定為山地鄉或直轄市山地原住民區，俗稱原鄉，享有一定程度的自治權。此外，原住民族長期以來因都市化而流入各大都會區，現今已有四成六人口設籍於都會區，部分區域之族人甚至認同其現居地為原鄉而形成部落。 (zh) Аборигени Тайваню (кит. 原住民, yuánzhùmín, юаньчжумінь; тайв. goân-chū-bîn — «аборигени»; раніше хуань-а- «варвари») — група народів на Тайвані, складових корінного австронезійського населення. Аборигени східного Тайваню широко відомі під назвою гаошань (кит. 高山族, gāoshānzú — «гірський народ»), вони становлять більшість аборигенного населення. Загальна чисельність — близько 407 тис. чол. (2005, оцінка). (uk) التايوانيون الأصليون (ويُدعون: التايوانيون البلديون، والفورموسانيون، والتايوانيون الأسترونيزيون) هم سكان تايوان الأصليون، البالغ عددهم حاليًّا نحو 569,008 أو 2.38% من سكان الجزيرة؛ أو أكثر من 800,000 إذا احتسبنا احتمالية الاعتراف الرسمي بسكان السهل التايواني الأصليين. أشار بحث متأخر إلى أن تاريخ سلفهم قد يصل إلى 5,500 سنة، وأنهم عاشوا في عزلة نسبية قبل أن تبدأ هجرة كبيرة لِلهان (الصينيين) من البر الصيني الرئيس في القرن السابع عشر. التايوانيون البلديون الأسترونيزيون، متصلون لغويًا وجينيًا بغيرهم من الأسترونيزيين. وبمجموعات عِرقية منها: البولينيزيون، ومعظم سكان الفلبين وإندونيسيا وماليزيا وبروناي، وغيرهم. (ar) La tajvanaj indiĝenoj (ĉine 原住民, pinjine: yuánzhùmín, Wade-Giles: yüan2-chu4-min2; hokle: Pe̍h-oē-jī: gôan-chū-bîn, laŭvorte originaj loĝantoj) estas la indiĝenaj aŭ indiĝenaj popoloj de Tajvano. Kvankam la tajvanaj indiĝenaroj havas diversajn rakontojn kaj mitojn pri la temo, laŭ nuntempaj esploroj ŝajnas ke iliaj prauloj eble vivis en la insuloj ĉirkaŭ 8000 jarojn antaŭ ol la vasta han-ĉina enmigrado komenciĝis en la 17-a jarcento. (eo) Les aborigènes de Taïwan (chinois : 原住民; pinyin: Yuan2 Zhu4 Min2, littéralement « les habitants originels ») sont les descendants des plus anciens occupants de l'île de Taïwan, cette population autochtone est estimée à environ 510 000 personnes en 2011, c'est-à-dire 2 % de la population de Taïwan. Ils seraient venus du sud-est de la Chine vers 3 000 avant notre ère. Leurs langues, dites formosanes, appartiennent à la famille austronésienne, qui comprend par ailleurs les langues des Philippines, de Malaisie, d'Indonésie, de Madagascar et d'Océanie. La génétique a par ailleurs démontré une origine taiwanaise des populations de l'Asie du Sud-Est insulaire. La différence entre leur identité ethnique et celle des Han est un sujet souvent abordé dans le débat sur le statut politique de Taïwan. (fr) Penduduk asli Taiwan (Hanzi: 臺灣原住民; Pinyin: Táiwān yuánzhùmín; Pe̍h-ōe-jī: Tâi-ôan gôan-chū-bîn) adalah istilah yang umumnya ditujukan kepada suku bangsa pribumi di Taiwan, yang berjumlah lebih dari 530.000 jiwa dan meliputi sekitar 2,3% dari populasi di . Penelitian terkini menyatakan bahwa leluhur mereka tinggal di Taiwan pada sekitar 8.000 tahun yang lalu sebelum imigrasi besar Han yang dimulai pada abad ke-17. Penduduk asli Taiwan adalah suku bangsa Austronesia, dengan hubungan linguistik dan genetik dengan kelompok etnis Austronesia lainnya yang meliputi orang-orang dari Filipina, Malaysia, Indonesia, Madagaskar, dan Oseania. Masalah identitas etnis yang tak terhubung dengan Asia daratan telah menjadi salah satu salah satu bahan pembicaraan dalam permasalahan terkait status politik Ta (in) Taiwanese indigenous peoples (formerly Taiwanese aborigines), also known as Formosan people, Austronesian Taiwanese, Yuanzhumin or Gaoshan people, are the indigenous peoples of Taiwan, with the nationally recognized subgroups numbering about 569,000 or 2.38% of the island's population. This total is increased to more than 800,000 if the indigenous peoples of the plains in Taiwan are included, pending future official recognition. When including those of mixed ancestry, such a number is possibly more than a million. Academic research suggests that their ancestors have been living on Taiwan for approximately 6,500 years. A wide body of evidence suggests Taiwan's indigenous peoples maintained regular trade networks with regional cultures before the Han Chinese colonists began settling on the i (en) De inheemse volken van Taiwan zijn de oorspronkelijke bewoners van het eiland Taiwan, de volkeren die er al woonden voor de Han-Chinezen naar het eiland kwamen. Zij zijn niet verwant aan de Han, maar aan andere Austronesische volkeren. Er wordt aangenomen dat de inheemse volken van Taiwan oorspronkelijk uit Zuid-China kwamen, en vervolgens vanuit Taiwan zich over de andere eilanden in Zuidoost-Azië hebben verspreid. De inheemse volken worden gezien als een van de 56 officiële etnische groepen van de Volksrepubliek China, omdat de Volksrepubliek het eiland Taiwan als hun provincie ziet. (nl) Абориге́ны Тайва́ня (кит. 原住民, пиньинь yuánzhùmín, палл. юаньчжуминь; тайв. goân-chū-bîn — «аборигены»; ранее хуань-а — «варвары») — группа народов на Тайване, составляющих коренное австронезийское население. Аборигены восточного Тайваня широко известны под названием гаоша́нь (кит. упр. 高山族, пиньинь gāoshānzú, палл. гаошаньцзу — «горный народ»), они составляют большинство аборигенного населения. Общая численность — 543 661 человек (2015), 576 792 человека (2020). (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Taiwanese indigenous peoples (en) تايوانيون أصليون (ar) Indígenes taiwanesos (ca) Indigene Völker Taiwans (de) Indiĝenoj de Tajvano (eo) Aborígenes de Taiwán (es) Bundúchasaigh Fhormósacha (ga) Penduduk asli Taiwan (in) Aborigènes de Taïwan (fr) Aborigeni di Taiwan (it) 타이완 원주민 (ko) 台湾原住民 (ja) Inheemse volken van Taiwan (nl) Aborygeni tajwańscy (pl) Aborígenes de Taiwan (pt) Аборигены Тайваня (ru) Гаошань (uk) 臺灣原住民族 (zh) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Demographics_of_Taiwan dbr:International_Day_of_the_World's_Indigenous_Peoples dbr:Rover_incident dbr:Prehistory_of_Taiwan dbr:China dbr:Taiwan dbr:Taiwanese_pop dbr:List_of_ethnic_groups dbr:Wu_Feng_Legend |
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dbr:Tapayan dbr:Writing_systems_of_Formosan_languages dbr:Taimali dbr:Taiwan_bamboo_partridge dbr:Taiwanese_folk_beliefs dbr:Gaoshan dbr:Gaoshanren dbr:Taiwan_aboriginal dbr:Taiwan_aborigine dbr:Taiwanese_Aboriginal dbr:Taiwanese_Aboriginal_people dbr:Taiwanese_Native dbr:Taiwanese_Native_people dbr:Taiwanese_Natives dbr:Taiwanese_aboriginal dbr:Taiwanese_aboriginals dbr:Taiwanese_aborigine dbr:Taiwanese_austronesians dbr:Taiwanese_indigenous dbr:Indigenous_Taiwanese_people dbr:Indigenous_Taiwanese_peoples dbr:Indigenous_people_in_Taiwan dbr:Indigenous_people_of_Taiwan dbr:Indigenous_peoples_in_Taiwan dbr:Indigenous_peoples_of_Taiwan dbr:Austronesian_Taiwanese dbr:Formosan_Aboriginals dbr:Formosan_indigenous_peoples dbr:Formosan_people dbr:Formosans dbr:Native_Taiwanese_people dbr:高山族 dbr:Aboriginal_Taiwanese dbr:Aboriginal_Taiwanese_people dbr:Aboriginal_people_in_Taiwan dbr:Aboriginal_people_of_Taiwan dbr:Aboriginal_peoples_in_Taiwan dbr:Aboriginal_peoples_of_Taiwan dbr:Aborigines_of_Taiwan dbr:Pepobohan dbr:Pepohoan dbr:Yuánzhùmín |
| is dbp:nationality of | dbr:Lo_Fu-chu |
| is dbp:related of | dbr:Saisiyat_people dbr:Tsou_people dbr:Kanakanavu_people dbr:Taivoan_people dbr:Taiwanese_people |
| is dbp:relatedGroups of | dbr:Taiwanese_Australians |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Multinational_state |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Taiwanese_indigenous_peoples |
