Yuan Shao (original) (raw)
يوان شاو (توفى في 28 يونيو,202) كان قائد عسكري خلال أواخر فترة حكم أسرة هان في التاريخ الصيني. في أواخر عهد أسرة هان أحتل يوان شاو أراضي الصين الشمالية مما أدى ذلك إلى بداية عصر الممالك الثلاث. يعتبر يوان شاو من أسرة يوان العريقة التي قادت التحالف ضد دونغ تشو.
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| dbo:abstract | Yuan Shao ( (?·pàg.) en Xinés: 袁绍, 154 － 28 de juny de 202), nom de cortesia Benchu (en xinés: 本初), va ser un senyor de la guerra que va viure durant la tardana Dinastia Han Oriental de la Xina. Va ocupar els territoris del nord de la Xina durant la guerra civil que es va produir cap al final de la Dinastia Han Oriental. També va ser un mig germà de Yuan Shu, un senyor de la guerra que controlava la regió del riu Huai, encara que ambdós no tenien una bona relació entre ells. Sent un dels senyors de la guerra més poderosos del seu temps, Yuan Shao va encapçalar una coalició contra el tirà Dong Zhuo, que havia retingut a l'Emperador Xian com a ostatge a la capital Luoyang; però aquesta va fracassar a causa de la desunió interna. El 200 va llançar una campanya contra el cabdill rival Cao Cao, però va ser derrotat a la Batalla de Guandu. Va morir d'una malaltia dos anys més tard en (en l'actualitat Handan, Hebei). El seu fracàs malgrat els seus antecedents familiars i les determinants avantatges geogràfiques s'ha culpat comunament a la seva indecisió i incapacitat per a tindre en compte els consells dels seus assessors. (ca) يوان شاو (توفى في 28 يونيو,202) كان قائد عسكري خلال أواخر فترة حكم أسرة هان في التاريخ الصيني. في أواخر عهد أسرة هان أحتل يوان شاو أراضي الصين الشمالية مما أدى ذلك إلى بداية عصر الممالك الثلاث. يعتبر يوان شاو من أسرة يوان العريقة التي قادت التحالف ضد دونغ تشو. (ar) Yuán Shào (chinesisch 袁紹 / 袁绍, IPA (hochchinesisch) [y̆ɛn35 ʂɑo̯51]; * 154 in Luoyang; † 28. Juni 202) war ein chinesischer Warlord während des Bürgerkrieges nach dem Untergang der Han-Dynastie. Er entstammte der Adelsfamilie Yuan, deren Mitglieder ab dem 1. Jahrhundert gehobene Posten in der kaiserlichen Bürokratie besetzt hatten. Sein Vater Yuan Feng war chinesischer Innenminister. Über seine Mutter, eine Konkubine Yuan Fengs, ist fast nichts bekannt. In den 180er Jahren wurde er zum Befehlshaber einer Einheit der kaiserlichen Garde, im Jahre 188 zu einem der acht wichtigsten Offiziere des Oberbefehlshabers der Armee He Jin. Nach dem Tod des Kaisers Ling im Jahre 189 wurde Yuan Shao im entbrannten Machtkampf zum Verbündeten des Generals He Jin. Nach der Ermordung von He Jin am 22. September 189 stürmte Yuan Shao den Kaiserlichen Palast und massakrierte ca. 2.000 der Gegenfraktion angehörigen Höflinge. Die Zentralgewalt musste er zuerst an Dong Zhuo abgeben. Im Jahre 191 errichtete Yuan Shao in der Provinz Ji einen unabhängigen Staat. Zuerst konnte er diesen Staat gegen die anderen Warlords erfolgreich verteidigen und sogar erweitern, doch im Jahre 200 verlor er eine Entscheidungsschlacht bei Guandu: Obwohl Cao Cao zunächst keine Chance gegen Yuan Shaos Türme hatte, von denen seine Bogenschützen Pfeilhagel über die Wei-Truppen ergehen ließen, konnte Cao Cao mit einer über Nacht zusammengestellten Artillerie die Befestigungen überwinden und Yuan Shao schlagen. 202 erfolgte eine erneute Niederlage in der Schlacht bei Cangting, in der er sein Leben verlor. Mitglieder der Familie Yuan Yuan Shu († 199) | († 202) | Yuan Tan († 205) | Yuan Xi († 207) | Yuan Shang († 207) (de) Yuan Shao (154 – 202,) fue un general señor de la guerra que ocupó el norte de China antigua durante la guerra civil masiva hacia el final de la Dinastía Han Oriental y el comienzo de la era de los Tres Reinos. También fue el sobrino mayor (o medio hermano, dependiendo de las fuentes) de Yuan Shu, un señor de la guerra que controló la región del Río Huai, aunque ambos no tenían una buena relación entre ellos. Yuan Shao es un personaje jugable en el juego de Koei:Dynasty Warriors. (es) Yuan Shao (chinois simplifié : 袁绍) (142 à Ruyang ou 154 - 28 juin 202 à Ye), ou Yuan Chao, prénom social Benshu (本初) (Enshō Honsho en japonais), originaire de la noble famille Yuan, était un puissant seigneur de guerre de la fin de la dynastie des Han orientaux au prélude de la période des Trois Royaumes de Chine. Il occupa les territoires du nord de la Chine antique pendant la rébellion des Turbans Jaunes. Il était également le demi-frère ou cousin aîné de Yuan Shu, un seigneur de la guerre qui commandait la région autour du fleuve Huai. En 190, Yuan Shao mena une coalition de seigneurs contre Dong Zhuo à la suite du coup d'État de ce dernier. Cependant cette campagne ne connut pas réellement de succès, et, grevée de dissensions internes, finit par se dissoudre en 191. En 200, il lança une campagne contre le seigneur rival Cao Cao mais malgré une supériorité numérique écrasante, perdit la bataille de manière décisive à Guandu, puis encore une fois en 201 à . Il mourut de maladie l'année d'après à Ye, laissant Cao Cao maître du nord de la Chine. Un des plus puissants seigneurs de guerre de son temps, Yuan Shao était réputé de son vivant comme étant un grand héros et respecté de nombre de ses ennemis. Il avait cependant un imposant ego et s'emportait rapidement. Ses échecs face à son rival Cao Cao en dépit de sa renommée, de ses avantages tant numériques que logistiques ainsi que de son abondance d'officiers de renom, donna à la postérité, notamment dans le Roman des Trois Royaumes une image de dirigeant indécis, coléreux et têtu, changeant d'avis facilement. (fr) Yuan Shao, (Hanzi:袁绍) bernama lengkap Yuan Benchu (袁本初),(154 – 202) adalah salah seorang paduka dan panglima perang utama yang menguasai daerah utara Tiongkok pada Zaman Tiga Negara. Ia juga kakak sepupu (sumber lain: saudara seayah) dari Yuan Shu, penguasa daerah sekitar sungai Huai, meski keduanya tidak begitu akur. Sebagai salah satu penguasa terkuat di zamannya, Yuan Shao merintis koalisi panglima perang melawan Dong Zhuo yang menguasai istana dan berkuasa atas kaisar Xian. Pada tahun 200, ia memimpin ekspedisi melawan Cao Cao tetapi kalah telak pada Pertempuran Guandu. Ia meninggal 2 tahun kemudian di kota . (in) 袁 紹（えん しょう、? - 建安7年5月21日〈202年6月28日〉）は、中国後漢末期の武将・政治家。字は本初（ほんしょ）。豫州汝南郡汝陽県（現在の河南省周口市商水県）の人。 何進と協力して激しく宦官と対立。宦官勢力を壊滅させることに成功したが、董卓との抗争に敗れ、一時は首都の洛陽より奔り逼塞を余儀なくされた。後、関東において諸侯同盟を主宰して董卓としのぎを削った。同盟解散後も群雄のリーダー格として威勢を振るい、最盛期には河北四州を支配するまでに勢力を拡大したが、官渡の戦いにおいて曹操に敗れて以降は勢いを失い、志半ばで病死した。『三国志』魏志および『後漢書』に伝がある。 (ja) Yuan Shao (袁紹, ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (本初), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other. One of the most powerful warlords of his time, Yuan Shao spearheaded a coalition of warlords against Dong Zhuo, who held Emperor Xian hostage in the imperial capital, Luoyang, but failed due to internal disunity. In 200, he launched a campaign against his rival Cao Cao but was defeated at the Battle of Guandu. He died of illness two years later in Ye. His eventual failure despite his illustrious family background and geographical advantages was commonly blamed on his indecisiveness and inability to heed the advice of his advisors. (en) 원소(袁紹, ? ~ 202년 6월 28일(음력 5월 21일))는 후한 말기의 무장이다. 자는 본초(本初)이며 여남군 여양현(汝陽縣) 사람이다. 명문가의 사생아 출신으로 젊어서는 사상가로 명성을 떨쳤다. 후한의 정치적 부패를 타파하고자 십상시를 일소하였으나, 동탁의 개입으로 정권을 잡는 데 실패하고 중앙에서 쫓겨났다. 원래는 중앙에서 태어난 관료 출신이었지만 사상가·정치가로서의 명망과 경력을 바탕으로 기주 일대에서 빠르게 군벌화하였고, 한복·공손찬·장연·전해·공융 등의 정부 관료·군벌들을 격파·병합함으로써 가장 강력한 세력을 형성하였으나 조조에게 패한 뒤(관도대전) 202년에 병으로 죽었다. 이후 원소의 세력은 후계자인 3남, 원상이 물려받았으나 원상의 생물학적으론 이복형이자 족보상으론 종형이던 원소의 장남, 원담의 반발로 원소 세력은 분열 되었으며 이후 조조의 개입으로 전부 토벌되었다. (ko) Yuan Shao (Benchu) (154-202) was een Chinees krijgsheer tijdens de laatste periode van de Han-dynastie. (nl) Юань Шао (кит. 袁紹; — 202) — китайский полководец эпохи Троецарствия, член знатного рода Юаней. Старший брат Юань Шу. Возглавлял восстание против Дун Чжо, захватившего императора Сянь-ди и фактически управлявшего страной. Во время гражданской войны контролировал северные территории Китая. Успешно воевал с Гунсунь Цзанем. В 200 году начал войну против Цао Цао, но потерпел несколько поражений, в том числе в битве при Гуаньду. В 202 году Юань Шао скончался. После его смерти сыновья Юань Шао Юань Тань, Юань Си и Юань Шан начали междоусобицу за его наследство. Роман «Троецарствие» описывает Юань Шао как упрямого и своенравного человека, часто пренебрегающего советами своих военачальников и в то же время легко поддающегося на клевету и провокации. (ru) Yuan Shao (154 — 202) foi um general senhor de guerra que ocupou o norte da China antiga durante a guerra civil massiva feita no final da Dinastia Han Oriental e no começo da era dos Três Reinos. Também foi o irmão mais velho de , um senhor de guerra que controlou a região do , e ambos não tinham boa relação entre eles. (pt) Юань Шао (спрощ.: 袁绍; кит. трад.: 袁紹; піньїнь: yuán shào) — китайський державний діяч, військовик періоду Саньго. Генерал династії Хань. Регіональний володар. (uk) 袁绍（154年－202年6月28日），字本初，汝南郡汝阳县（今河南省商水县）人，為东汉末年割據勢力之一。曾帶兵進宮誅殺十常侍，後被各路諸侯推舉為盟主討伐董卓。在易京之戰擊敗公孫瓚後，其勢力達到巔峰；極盛時期據有冀州、幽州、并州、青州等河朔四州，官至东汉大將軍，在當時成為東漢末年實力最強的諸侯。但在官渡之戰慘敗給曹操而受到重挫，接著在倉亭之戰再敗給曹軍，不久便病逝。 (zh) |
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| dbo:originalName | 袁紹 (en) | |||
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| dbp:caption | A Qing dynasty illustration of Yuan Shao (en) | |||
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| dbp:data | Benchu (en) Marquis of Ye (en) | |||
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| dbp:father | Yuan Feng (en) | |||
| dbp:gr | Yuan Shaw (en) | |||
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| dbp:office | (en) Colonel-Director of Retainers (en) General of Chariots and Cavalry (en) General-in-Chief (en) General of the Right (en) Governor of Ji Province (en) Administrator of Bohai (en) | |||
| dbp:p | Yuán Shào (en) | |||
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| dbp:s | 袁绍 (en) | |||
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| rdfs:comment | يوان شاو (توفى في 28 يونيو,202) كان قائد عسكري خلال أواخر فترة حكم أسرة هان في التاريخ الصيني. في أواخر عهد أسرة هان أحتل يوان شاو أراضي الصين الشمالية مما أدى ذلك إلى بداية عصر الممالك الثلاث. يعتبر يوان شاو من أسرة يوان العريقة التي قادت التحالف ضد دونغ تشو. (ar) Yuan Shao (154 – 202,) fue un general señor de la guerra que ocupó el norte de China antigua durante la guerra civil masiva hacia el final de la Dinastía Han Oriental y el comienzo de la era de los Tres Reinos. También fue el sobrino mayor (o medio hermano, dependiendo de las fuentes) de Yuan Shu, un señor de la guerra que controló la región del Río Huai, aunque ambos no tenían una buena relación entre ellos. Yuan Shao es un personaje jugable en el juego de Koei:Dynasty Warriors. (es) 袁 紹（えん しょう、? - 建安7年5月21日〈202年6月28日〉）は、中国後漢末期の武将・政治家。字は本初（ほんしょ）。豫州汝南郡汝陽県（現在の河南省周口市商水県）の人。 何進と協力して激しく宦官と対立。宦官勢力を壊滅させることに成功したが、董卓との抗争に敗れ、一時は首都の洛陽より奔り逼塞を余儀なくされた。後、関東において諸侯同盟を主宰して董卓としのぎを削った。同盟解散後も群雄のリーダー格として威勢を振るい、最盛期には河北四州を支配するまでに勢力を拡大したが、官渡の戦いにおいて曹操に敗れて以降は勢いを失い、志半ばで病死した。『三国志』魏志および『後漢書』に伝がある。 (ja) 원소(袁紹, ? ~ 202년 6월 28일(음력 5월 21일))는 후한 말기의 무장이다. 자는 본초(本初)이며 여남군 여양현(汝陽縣) 사람이다. 명문가의 사생아 출신으로 젊어서는 사상가로 명성을 떨쳤다. 후한의 정치적 부패를 타파하고자 십상시를 일소하였으나, 동탁의 개입으로 정권을 잡는 데 실패하고 중앙에서 쫓겨났다. 원래는 중앙에서 태어난 관료 출신이었지만 사상가·정치가로서의 명망과 경력을 바탕으로 기주 일대에서 빠르게 군벌화하였고, 한복·공손찬·장연·전해·공융 등의 정부 관료·군벌들을 격파·병합함으로써 가장 강력한 세력을 형성하였으나 조조에게 패한 뒤(관도대전) 202년에 병으로 죽었다. 이후 원소의 세력은 후계자인 3남, 원상이 물려받았으나 원상의 생물학적으론 이복형이자 족보상으론 종형이던 원소의 장남, 원담의 반발로 원소 세력은 분열 되었으며 이후 조조의 개입으로 전부 토벌되었다. (ko) Yuan Shao (Benchu) (154-202) was een Chinees krijgsheer tijdens de laatste periode van de Han-dynastie. (nl) Yuan Shao (154 — 202) foi um general senhor de guerra que ocupou o norte da China antiga durante a guerra civil massiva feita no final da Dinastia Han Oriental e no começo da era dos Três Reinos. Também foi o irmão mais velho de , um senhor de guerra que controlou a região do , e ambos não tinham boa relação entre eles. (pt) Юань Шао (спрощ.: 袁绍; кит. трад.: 袁紹; піньїнь: yuán shào) — китайський державний діяч, військовик періоду Саньго. Генерал династії Хань. Регіональний володар. (uk) 袁绍（154年－202年6月28日），字本初，汝南郡汝阳县（今河南省商水县）人，為东汉末年割據勢力之一。曾帶兵進宮誅殺十常侍，後被各路諸侯推舉為盟主討伐董卓。在易京之戰擊敗公孫瓚後，其勢力達到巔峰；極盛時期據有冀州、幽州、并州、青州等河朔四州，官至东汉大將軍，在當時成為東漢末年實力最強的諸侯。但在官渡之戰慘敗給曹操而受到重挫，接著在倉亭之戰再敗給曹軍，不久便病逝。 (zh) Yuan Shao ( (?·pàg.) en Xinés: 袁绍, 154 － 28 de juny de 202), nom de cortesia Benchu (en xinés: 本初), va ser un senyor de la guerra que va viure durant la tardana Dinastia Han Oriental de la Xina. Va ocupar els territoris del nord de la Xina durant la guerra civil que es va produir cap al final de la Dinastia Han Oriental. També va ser un mig germà de Yuan Shu, un senyor de la guerra que controlava la regió del riu Huai, encara que ambdós no tenien una bona relació entre ells. (ca) Yuán Shào (chinesisch 袁紹 / 袁绍, IPA (hochchinesisch) [y̆ɛn35 ʂɑo̯51]; * 154 in Luoyang; † 28. Juni 202) war ein chinesischer Warlord während des Bürgerkrieges nach dem Untergang der Han-Dynastie. Er entstammte der Adelsfamilie Yuan, deren Mitglieder ab dem 1. Jahrhundert gehobene Posten in der kaiserlichen Bürokratie besetzt hatten. Sein Vater Yuan Feng war chinesischer Innenminister. Über seine Mutter, eine Konkubine Yuan Fengs, ist fast nichts bekannt. In den 180er Jahren wurde er zum Befehlshaber einer Einheit der kaiserlichen Garde, im Jahre 188 zu einem der acht wichtigsten Offiziere des Oberbefehlshabers der Armee He Jin. (de) Yuan Shao (chinois simplifié : 袁绍) (142 à Ruyang ou 154 - 28 juin 202 à Ye), ou Yuan Chao, prénom social Benshu (本初) (Enshō Honsho en japonais), originaire de la noble famille Yuan, était un puissant seigneur de guerre de la fin de la dynastie des Han orientaux au prélude de la période des Trois Royaumes de Chine. Il occupa les territoires du nord de la Chine antique pendant la rébellion des Turbans Jaunes. Il était également le demi-frère ou cousin aîné de Yuan Shu, un seigneur de la guerre qui commandait la région autour du fleuve Huai. (fr) Yuan Shao, (Hanzi:袁绍) bernama lengkap Yuan Benchu (袁本初),(154 – 202) adalah salah seorang paduka dan panglima perang utama yang menguasai daerah utara Tiongkok pada Zaman Tiga Negara. Ia juga kakak sepupu (sumber lain: saudara seayah) dari Yuan Shu, penguasa daerah sekitar sungai Huai, meski keduanya tidak begitu akur. (in) Yuan Shao (袁紹, ; died 28 June 202), courtesy name Benchu (本初), was a Chinese military general, politician, and warlord who lived in the late Eastern Han dynasty. He occupied the northern territories of China during the civil wars that occurred towards the end of the Han dynasty. He was also an elder half-brother of Yuan Shu, a warlord who controlled the Huai River region, though the two were not on good terms with each other. (en) Юань Шао (кит. 袁紹; — 202) — китайский полководец эпохи Троецарствия, член знатного рода Юаней. Старший брат Юань Шу. Возглавлял восстание против Дун Чжо, захватившего императора Сянь-ди и фактически управлявшего страной. Во время гражданской войны контролировал северные территории Китая. Успешно воевал с Гунсунь Цзанем. В 200 году начал войну против Цао Цао, но потерпел несколько поражений, в том числе в битве при Гуаньду. В 202 году Юань Шао скончался. После его смерти сыновья Юань Шао Юань Тань, Юань Си и Юань Шан начали междоусобицу за его наследство. (ru) | |||
| rdfs:label | Yuan Shao (en) يوان شاو (ar) Yuan Shao (ca) Yuan Shao (de) Yuan Shao (es) Yuan Shao (in) Yuan Shao (fr) 원소 (후한) (ko) 袁紹 (ja) Yuan Shao (nl) Yuan Shao (pt) Юань Шао (ru) 袁绍 (zh) Юань Шао (uk) | |||
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Battle_of_Dushi_Ford | |||
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