Byzantine Numismatics Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

In 538, at the peak of his imperial achievement, Justinian introduced an impressive coinage of unusual size and weight. Based on the evidence of hoards and single finds from the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Near East, the economic... more

In 538, at the peak of his imperial achievement, Justinian introduced an impressive
coinage of unusual size and weight. Based on the evidence of hoards and single finds from the Balkans, Asia Minor and the Near East, the economic implications of Justinian’s heavy series (538-542) appear in a new light. Its prolonged circulation and important percentage among finds from the Balkans, in particular, changes our understanding of the role played by this coinage during the sixth century and adds new dimensions to the fiduciary nature of the early Byzantine bronze coinage.

Despite the growing body of excavation finds and the steady publication of museum collections, the numismatic evidence remains an underutilized historical source. Historians who study Late Antiquity rely on archaeological evidence but... more

Despite the growing body of excavation finds and the steady publication of museum collections, the numismatic evidence remains an underutilized historical source. Historians who study Late Antiquity rely on archaeological evidence but tend to ignore coin finds, partly because numismatics developed as an independent field with its own set of specialized tools and research questions. Insufficient dialogue between the disciplines has delayed a proper appreciation of Early Byzantine coins as historical source and the development of a clear methodology for their use in conjunction with the literary and archaeological evidence. In order to overcome such disciplinary divides, this paper proposes several research directions by highlighting the main benefits of integrating the numismatic evidence more fully into the historical narrative. These research directions include a greater emphasis on bronze coinage, the study of the long-distance circulation of people and goods, and distinctions between urban, rural, and fortified contexts. This methodological discussion is followed by a case study from Byzantium's Lower Danube frontier.

Historians have long regarded Maurice Tiberius as the last Roman emperor who struggled to restore the stability of the Balkan provinces. This essay argues that a major financial crisis is responsible for the downfall of Maurice and the... more

Historians have long regarded Maurice Tiberius as the last Roman emperor who struggled to restore the stability of the Balkan provinces. This essay argues that a major financial crisis is responsible for the downfall of Maurice and the collapse of the Danube frontier after 602. Maurice inherited a depleted treasury and a war conducted on two fronts, in the Balkans and the East. A careful analysis of the emperor’s monetary policy during his long reign reveals a chronic shortage of cash, which the emperor tried to solve through a series of unsuccessful reforms. The body of coin finds from the Northern Balkans shows an abrupt decline in the coin supply during the second decade of Maurice’s reign, when Roman armies were once again active in the Danube region. The state’s inability to provide adequate supplies and regular payments to the soldiers led to the mutiny of 602. The emperor’s decision to force his army to spend the winter in enemy territory was simply the last straw that broke the soldiers’ loyalty to the emperor.

Alabanda Ancient City takes place in Araphisar Street from Doğanyurt Village in the 7 km west of Çine Town, Aydın City. The city settled down on the foothill of the hills in the north of Gökbel Mountain, is positioned close by the Marsyas... more

Alabanda Ancient City takes place in Araphisar Street from Doğanyurt Village in the 7 km west of Çine Town, Aydın City. The city settled down on the foothill of the hills in the north of Gökbel Mountain, is positioned close by the Marsyas River. The ancient city having wetland wide lowlands suitable for agriculture shows a non-stop settlement by beginning from the 2nd Millenium B. C. until today. While there are archeological materials and evidences about the Ancient Period of Alabanda and they are known and evaluated by the scientific world, the information about the late Ancient Period and that of the period after it are almost non-existing. As throughout the Ancient World, Alabanda has also kept its presence by changing after the 4th Century A. D. In the excavation, research and conservation works we have carried out since 2011, unsuspected concrete archeological data were achieved about Alabanda after Ancient Period. It was documented that the city were smaller by almost half and were surrounded by new city walls, and it was determined that public buildings such as theater, bath and temple, were used for different functions by changing architecturally. As we can see the sample of it in a lot of ancient religious settlement, Alabanda Apollon Isotimos Temple were changed into a church and the cella of the temple was used as baptistery. Column capitals, relief-adorned parapets, mosaics, the city walls built with Spolia blocks inform us about Alabanda in the Early Christian Period and in the Medieval Period. Byzantine and Islamic glazed potteries presenting a very rich repertoire and various coins belonging to Byzantine Period and Anatolian Principalities give us clues about the socio-economic situation of Medieval Alabanda. In this notice, archeological materials and evidences, which were achieved after a 3-year work and which are providing valuable information about the Medieval Alabanda, will be briefly introduced and those unsuspected data will be presented to the attention and knowledge of scientific world.

A hoard of 6th century solidi and fractions was found in 1994 in Gökler, Turkey, during illegal prospections with a metal detector. The hoard includes seven die-linked solidi of Justinian, three solidi of Justin II, five solidi of... more

A hoard of 6th century solidi and fractions was found in 1994 in Gökler, Turkey,
during illegal prospections with a metal detector. The hoard includes seven die-linked solidi of Justinian, three solidi of Justin II, five solidi of Tiberius II and thirty-six solidi, semisses, and tremisses of Maurice, many of them die-linked. The most interesting coins in the hoard are two 23-carat light-weight solidi of Maurice. The hoard was probably concealed in the last decade of the 6th century.

COIN HOARDS 2016 MEDIEVAL and MODERN TURKEY AN EARLY BYZANTINE HOARD FROM EPHESUS 6. Ephesus 2016 by NIKOLAUS SCHINDEL and SABINE LADSTÄTTER 390 COIN HOARDS TURKEY AN EARLY BYZANTINE HOARD FROM EPHESUS NIKOLAUS SCHINDEL and SABINE... more

COIN HOARDS 2016 MEDIEVAL and MODERN TURKEY AN EARLY BYZANTINE HOARD FROM EPHESUS 6. Ephesus 2016 by NIKOLAUS SCHINDEL and SABINE LADSTÄTTER 390 COIN HOARDS TURKEY AN EARLY BYZANTINE HOARD FROM EPHESUS NIKOLAUS SCHINDEL and SABINE LADSTÄTTER [PLATE 57] 6. Ephesus 2016 Dep. c.523-30 160 AE Disp. Excavation House of the Austrian Archaeological Institute, Selçuk, Turkey

A 25x20 mm, 6.75 grams copper coin from a private collection, acquired at least a decade ago from a dealer who attributed it as a follis of Constans II (641-668) of the Byzantine Empire, upon closer inspection shows many irregularities.... more

A 25x20 mm, 6.75 grams copper coin from a private collection, acquired at least a decade ago from a dealer who attributed it as a follis of Constans II (641-668) of the Byzantine Empire, upon closer inspection shows many irregularities. The provenance, as might be expected, is unknown, but possibly this is a new Pseudo-Byzantine type. Other possibilities are some other kind of non-Byzantine imitation, unofficial Byzantine, or even official. Please send me a message if you have any ideas.

Indice definitivo del libro di prossima pubblicazione sulla Sicilia e le sue isole nei secoli bizantini

The present paper is about ten byzantine coins identified as belonging to a private collection from Bucharest, Romania. The actual pieces are been identified by the author as nine anonymous Folles types dating back X-XI century AD and one... more

The present paper is about ten byzantine coins identified as belonging to a private collection from Bucharest, Romania. The actual pieces are been identified by the author as nine anonymous Folles types dating back X-XI century AD and one a signed follis of Constantine X Doukas reign (1059-1067 AD). The actual finding place of the coins is unknown, generally identified as Constanta Couty, Romania The individual pieces are described in a catalog.

CONTENTS ARCHAEOLOGY P. 15–34: Kazanski M.M. The Arrival of the Ostrogoths and the Gepids in the Crimea and the Taman Peninsula in the Sixth Century. P. 35–48: Mastykova A.V.The Crimea – Danube – Jutland: Bracelets and Chains Featuring... more

CONTENTS
ARCHAEOLOGY
P. 15–34: Kazanski M.M. The Arrival of the Ostrogoths and the Gepids in the Crimea and the Taman Peninsula in the Sixth Century.
P. 35–48: Mastykova A.V.The Crimea – Danube – Jutland: Bracelets and Chains Featuring Zoomorphic Designs in the “Princely” Culture from the Great Migration Period.
P. 49–78: Osharina O.V. Hellenistic and Near East Traditions of the Late Antique Textiles Collected in the State Heritage Museum .
P. 79–102: Khairedinova E.A.The Byzantine Buckles Featuring Lion from the Second Half of the Seventh Century in the South-Western Crimea.
P. 103–114: Maiko V.V. An Assemblage of Christian Rarities Excavated from the Church at the Foot of Kilisa-Kaia Mountain in Vicinity of Sudak.
P. 115–176: Gertsen A.G., Naumenko V.E. The Sacral Topography of Mangup: Research History, Catalogue, and Periodization of Religious Monuments Discovered in the Ancient City.
HISTORY
P.179–190: Aibabin A.I. The Bosporos and the “Barbarians” in the Second Half of the Third Century.
P. 191–198: Bibikov M.V. Constantine Porphyrogennetos’ Taurica (From Unpublished Commentaries).
P. 199–210: Afinogenov D.E. Patriarch Photios’ Heritage in Religious Creed Polemics against the Armenians in the First Quarter. of the Tenth Century: Nicholas Mystikos and Arethas of Kaisarieia.
P. 211–228: Stepanenko V.P. “Аrchon and Doux” in the Late Eleventh Century (The Evolution of Byzantine System of International Relations).
P. 229–244: Kalinina T.M. Scythia as Described by Arabic and Persian Writers.
NUMISMATICS, SIGILLOGRAPHY, AND EPIGRAPHY
P. 245–278: Chkhaidze V.N. The Numismatics of Matarcha–Tmutorokan in the Late Tenth and Eleventh Centuries.
P. 279–286: Butyrskii M.N. Christ Chalkites on Thirteenth Century Byzantine Coins: A Piety Symbol or an Emblem of Power?
P. 287–300: Stepanova E.V. Leo the Deacon of the Great Church and Ὁ ἄνθρωπος of the Despoina.
P. 301–306: Kanev N. An Anonymous Byzantine Seal from Anchialos (Pomorie).
P. 307–330: Alekseyenko N.А. The Dermokaites Family in Byzantine History and Two New Seals Showing the Name of Michael Dermokaites.
P. 331–356: Vinogradov А.Yu. The Newly Discovered Greek Christian Inscriptions from the Northern Black Sea Area and the Status of Inkerman and Other Cave Monasteries in the Mountainous Crimea.
P. 357–370: Evdokimova A.A. Three New Graffiti from Cappadocia Addressing the Mother of God and the Tradition of the “Theotokos” Inscriptions.
ACADEMIC HERITAGE
P. 373–408: Kurysheva M. A. Byzantologist Mstislav Antoninovich Shangin in the Chersonese Museum, 1936–1937.
P. 409–430: Khrapunov N.I. New Times, New Sanctity: The Reconsideration of Archaeological Monuments of the Crimea in the Early Russian Period.
P. 431–446: Shamanaev A.V. Conservation, Restoration, and Museification of Ancient Chersonese in the 1870s–1890s: Experiences of the Odessa Society for History and Antiquities and the Imperial Archaeological Commission.
VARIA
P. 449–460: Barabanov N.D. International Seminar in Byzantine Studies “ΧΕΡΣΩΝΟΣ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ: EMPIRE AND POLIS” (2014–2018): Continuing Researches and New Discoveries.
P. 461–463: Afinogenova O.N. Two Katepanes (…Recollecting the ΧΕΡΣΩΝΟΣ ΘΕΜΑΤΑ).

El imperio bizantino 1 , tomado como un ente autárquico del imperio romano de occidente, fue uno de los más longevos de la historia. Duró más de 1000 años transitando toda la Edad Tardoantigua y Edad Media, siendo trascendental para el... more

El imperio bizantino 1 , tomado como un ente autárquico del imperio romano de occidente, fue uno de los más longevos de la historia. Duró más de 1000 años transitando toda la Edad Tardoantigua y Edad Media, siendo trascendental para el contexto político y religioso de la Edad Moderna y Contemporánea. Como mencionábamos, siempre que se nombra la Edad Media la referenciamos con la caída del imperio romano, la decadencia del saber, las cruzadas, los caballeros, el feudalismo... No obstante, el imperio romano en realidad no cayó y continuó durante toda la Edad Media gracias al imperio que modernamente llamamos «Bizantino», manteniendo la grandeza de la cultura griega 2 y romana por varios siglos más. Esta porción del imperio romano continuó siendo rica, poderosa, ilustrada y culta, mientras Europa Occidental se encontraba debilitada, dividida, sumida en la ignorancia y la barbarie. Ni Europa, ni América serían como son en la actualidad, si el imperio bizantino no hubiese frenado el avance musulmán a Europa, al menos hasta su caída en 1453 d.C., cuando Europa se encontraba ya fortalecida para defenderse por sí sola. La relevancia histórica del imperio bizantino pudo lograrse, en gran parte, gracias a los cambios generados en sus inicios, entre ellos la «Reforma monetaria de Anastasio» que veremos más adelante.

The Fourth Crusade triggered a permanent change in the gold coinage of Europe. The minting of gold at Constantinople, which had been virtually continuous since 326, was interrupted for decades. By the time it resumed in 1261—in the form... more

The Fourth Crusade triggered a permanent change in the gold coinage of Europe. The minting of gold at Constantinople, which had been virtually continuous since 326, was interrupted for decades. By the time it resumed in 1261—in the form of debased coins only 15.5 karats fine (0.646)—two Italian cities, Genoa and Florence, had already introduced coinage of pure gold minted to a new weight standard. They were joined by Venice in 1284; by this time, Byzantine gold coinage had been reduced to 14.8 karats fine (0.617). Early in the 14th century, the florin and ducat began to be imitated all over Europe, and by 1353, the last gold coin of the Eastern Roman Empire—a crude piece only 11 karats fine (0.458)—was minted. The triumph of Western over Eastern gold coinage was complete.

A 12th-13th-century A.D. ceramic assemblage from Alexander’s Hill at Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey provides new evidence for the typo-chronological study of Byzantine pottery. A functional analysis of the assemblage, along with... more

A 12th-13th-century A.D. ceramic assemblage from Alexander’s Hill at Sagalassos in southwestern Turkey provides new evidence for the typo-chronological study of Byzantine pottery. A functional analysis of the assemblage, along with textual and iconographic evidence, archaeozoological and palynological analyses, and chemical analysis of cooking-pot residues, contributes to the reconstruction of diet and cooking practices in Anatolia. While baked fish, vegetables, pulses, and bread are usually regarded as the staples of Byzantine peasant cuisine, diners at Sagalassos were enjoying beef stews before the Fourth Crusade, when the technique of stewing meat was allegedly introduced to the eastern Mediterranean from the West.

Arab-Byzantine coinage typically refers to the issues between about AD 650 and 720, when familiar Byzantine designs were copied by the early Muslims before they developed their own. This paper is about a much later “Arab-Byzantine” coin... more

Arab-Byzantine coinage typically refers to the issues between about AD 650 and 720, when familiar Byzantine designs were copied by the early Muslims before they developed their own. This paper is about a much later “Arab-Byzantine” coin that does not seem to be listed in the most commonly used references on Byzantine or Islamic coins. The coin appears to have been copied by the Muslims around 1100 to 1150, during the age of the First and Second Crusades, a period of instability in the Arab world.

Henri Pottier a fêté son quatre-vingt-cinquième anniversaire le 4 novembre 2018. Jean-Marc Doyen et Cécile Morrisson ont, à cette occasion, réuni les contributions de vingt et un de ses amis et collègues. Les thèmes en sont variés, allant... more

Henri Pottier a fêté son quatre-vingt-cinquième anniversaire le 4 novembre 2018. Jean-Marc Doyen et Cécile Morrisson ont, à cette occasion, réuni les contributions de vingt et un de ses amis et collègues. Les thèmes en sont variés, allant de l’ouverture de l’atelier monétaire de Byzance par Aurélien (J.-Cl. Thiry) au voyage à Constantinople du peintre anversois Jacob Jacobs (E. Warmenbol), en passant par les tissus byzantins conservés en Europe occidentale (R. de Mûelenaere), ou les origines du nom d’Istanbul (L. Severs). Mais ce sont bien entendu les VIe et VIIe s. qui se taillent la part du lion : jetons en plomb du VIe s. (J.-P.. Blicq), trésors de solidi de Gaza (B. Callegher), monnaies d’argent ostrogothiques en Gaule (J.-M. Doyen). Les périodes plus récentes ne sont certes pas oubliées, comme les imitations latines du XIIIe s. (C. Wolkow). Une place importante a été accordée aux cultures périphériques : monnayages arabo-byzantin (T. Goodwin), des Sassanides (Fr. Gurnet), des Arméniens et de l’Orient (M. Phillips), de Carthage (I. & W. Schulze). J. Elsen décrit le système pondéral égyptien. Plusieurs contributions traitent d’iconographie, comme les représentations de Constantinople à la fin du Moyen Âge (Ph. Pottier), les images de la Vierge sous Isaac II Ange (S. Mansfield) ou les influences byzantines chez les Seldjoukides et les Turcomans (R. Lemaire).
Les monnaies de fouilles ne sont pas oubliées : elles viennent d’Apamée de Syrie (Chr. Lauwers et R. Margos) ou de Sagalassos (F. Stroobants).
C. Morrisson et F. de Callataÿ insistent finalement sur le caractère novateur des travaux d’Henri Pottier et leur enseignement pour les recherches à venir.

Актуализирана и обогатена версия на доклада, четен от автора пред ХХІІ Международен конгрес по византийски проучвания, София, 2011 г.) Въведение Както всеки обект от времето на Римската Империя, така и крепостта над Белчин предостави... more

Актуализирана и обогатена версия на доклада, четен от автора пред ХХІІ Международен конгрес по византийски проучвания, София, 2011 г.) Въведение Както всеки обект от времето на Римската Империя, така и крепостта над Белчин предостави изобилен монетен материал и интересни нумизматични находки. Досега от археологическите проучвания (2008-2012 г.) на крепостта "Цари мали град" са известни над 600 (шестстотин) 2 броя римски и ранновизантийски монети, както и 4-5 тегловни мерки за тежест (екзагии).

The first book about the afterlife of Julian the Apostate in Byzantium: "Antieroe dai molti volti: Giuliano l'Apostata nel Medioevo bizantino", Udine, Forum, 2014 (Libri e Biblioteche, 34) [ISBN 978-88-8420-778-4] cfr.... more

The first book about the afterlife of Julian the Apostate in Byzantium:
"Antieroe dai molti volti: Giuliano l'Apostata nel Medioevo bizantino", Udine, Forum, 2014 (Libri e Biblioteche, 34) [ISBN 978-88-8420-778-4] cfr.
http://www.forumeditrice.it/percorsi/scienze-bibliografiche/libri-biblioteche/antieroe-dai-molti-volti-giuliano-lapostata-nel-medioevo-bizantino
(Deutsche Rezension in http://www.hsozkult.de/publicationreview/id/rezbuecher-24708)
Index:
I. Aspetti di Giuliano nella cultura bizantina
I.1 Giuliano a Bisanzio: imperatore e scrittore, ma
soprattutto l’Apostata » 9
I.2 Un antieroe dai molti volti: l’accusa di imitatio Iuliani » 21
I.2.1 «Nuovi Giuliani» tra imperatori e patriarchi:
l’accusa infamante » 22
I.2.2 L’accusa di imitare Giuliano come arma
polemica contro alti dignitari e rivali personali » 25
I.2.3 Criptiche allusioni ai «nuovi Giuliani» » 26
I.2.4 L’accusa di calunniare con l’arma della suspicio
imitationis Iuliani » 30
I.2.5 «Nuovi Giuliani» all’esterno e dopo la fine di Bisanzio » 32
I.2.6 Pletone e Giuliano: un paragone valido sia per i
nemici che per i seguaci del filosofo » 34
I.3 Gregorio e la formazione della leggenda nera di Giuliano » 37
I.3.1 Gregorio di Nazianzo tra la smitizzazione
dell’Apostata e l’involontario riconoscimento della
sua importanza » 37
I.3.2 Esaltazione e ridimensionamento di Giuliano anche
tra gli ultimi pagani » 40
I.3.3 Giuliano a Bisanzio sulle tracce di Gregorio » 42
I.4 Il Giuliano scrittore: condanna e studio » 63
I.4.1 Giuliano scrittore: la condanna » 64
I.4.2 Giuliano scrittore: lo studio della sua opera » 66
II. L’agiografia bizantina e Giuliano
II.0 Introduzione » 77
II.1 Martiri e confessori della fede cristiana sub Iuliano
in Gregorio di Nazianzo e nella cosiddetta fonte omea » 87
II.2 Gli storici ecclesiastici ortodossi e i martiri sub Iuliano » 103
II.3 Giuliano in agiografi non ancora influenzati dalle passioni
epiche » 107
II.4 Gli storici ecclesiastici del quinto secolo e i martiri sub
Iuliano: il diffondersi della leggenda » 113
II.5 Letteratura agiografica derivata direttamente dalla storia
ecclesiastica: Marco di Aretusa » 123
II.6 Condanna e cancellazione della figura dell’Apostata
nelle tradizioni agiografiche sui santi Ilarione e Martino » 127
II.7 Doroteo martire sub Iuliano: un santo inventato al servizio
della causa del patriarcato di Costantinopoli » 135
II.8 Giuliano nella passione di Teodoreto di Antiochia, tra
influenza delle passioni epiche e persistenza di suoi tratti peculiari » 141
II.9 Giuliano nella leggenda di Ciriaco » 151
II.10 Giuliano nella passione di Barbaro » 157
II.11 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su Emiliano » 161
II.12 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su Basilio di Ancyra » 165
II.13 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su san Domezio
il persiano » 171
II.14 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su Eugenio e Macario » 177
II.15 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su Patermutio e Copre » 181
II.16 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su Manuel, Sabel e Ismael » 185
II.17 Giuliano nella tradizione agiografica su san Timoteo di Prusa » 195
II.18 Giuliano contro Costantino nelle passioni di Artemio e
di Eusignio » 199
II.18.1 Giuliano nelle passioni di Artemio » 199
II.18.2 Eusignio: un doppione di Artemio? » 222
II.19 Giuliano nelle traduzioni greche di passioni di santi romani » 241
II.20 Giuliano e la leggenda di Mercurio » 251
II.20.1 La tradizione su Giuliano vittima della punizione
divina » 251
II.20.2 La tradizione su profezie sulla morte di Giuliano » 253
II.20.3 Varie versioni della leggenda di san Mercurio
uccisore di Giuliano » 254
II.20.4 Origini della leggenda di Mercurio uccisore di Giuliano » 260
II.20.5 Giuliano nella leggenda di san Mercurio » 268
II.20.6 La leggenda del miracolo postumo di Mercurio in
Egitto e in Nubia » 271
II.21 Giuliano e la leggenda di un miracolo postumo di Teodoro
Tirone » 275
II.22 Giuliano nei libri liturgici bizantini, sintesi della tradizione
agiografica bizantina altomedievale » 283
II.22.1 Giuliano nel sinassario di Costantinopoli » 283
II.22.2 Giuliano nel menologio di Basilio II » 298
II.22.3 Giuliano nel menologio imperiale » 303
II.23 L’Apostata e i sovrani bulgari nella Passio Martyrum XV
Tiberiopoli, nemici della diffusione del cristianesimo secondo
Teofilatto di Ocrida » 311
II.24 Niceforo Gregora e Giuliano » 323
III. Giuliano nella cronachistica bizantina
III.0 Introduzione » 335
III.1 Malala » 341
III.2 Il Chronicon Paschale » 351
III.3 Giovanni Antiocheno » 353
III.4 L’Epitome della Historia tripartita » 361
III.5 Teofane » 369
III.6 Giorgio Monaco » 379
III.7 La tradizione dell’Epitome » 387
III.7.1 L’Epitome » 387
III.7.2 Simeone Logoteta » 389
III.7.3 L’Epitome B di primo grado » 394
III.7.4 Una cronaca di ambiente studita » 397
III.7.5 L’Epitome B di secondo grado, Pseudo-Simeone e
Cedreno » 397
III.7.6 La Leoquelle in Psello e Zonara » 405
III.8 Cronachistica bizantina in versi: Costantino Manasse ed Efrem » 417
III.8.1 Costantino Manasse » 417
III.8.2 Efrem » 421
III.9 La Synopsisquelle » 423
III.10 Michele Glica » 425
III.11 Niceforo Callisto Xantopulo » 429
III.12 Psello e Giuliano: un caso particolare di parziale
autoidentificazione » 437
Conclusioni
Oltre Bisanzio » 453

Nel 498 l'imperatore d'Oriente Anastasio ridiede vita all'esausto sistema monetale tardoromano introducendo tre nuovi nominali in rame, riconoscibili immediatamente non soltanto per le dimensioni di ciascuno, ma specialmente perché... more

Nel 498 l'imperatore d'Oriente Anastasio ridiede vita all'esausto sistema monetale tardoromano introducendo tre nuovi nominali in rame, riconoscibili immediatamente non soltanto per le dimensioni di ciascuno, ma specialmente perché portavano nel R/ i rispettivi segni del valore scritti in lettere numerali dell'alfabeto greco: il follis (fig. 1) (del peso di 1/36 di libbra, cioè circa 9,10 grammi, e del diametro di circa 24 mm) equivalente a 40 nummi e perciò segnato con M, il mezzo follis ( ) (di 1/72 di libbra, circa gr. 4,54, e circa 20 mm di diametro) pari a 20 nummi (K) e il quarto di follis o decanummio (1/144 di libbra, ca. gr. 2,27) del valore di 10 nummi (I), dunque tre multipli del nummus, la moneta d'uso corrente che nel corso del V secolo si era sempre più svilita fino a ridursi a pezzi di metallo di meno di un grammo e del diametro inferiore ai 10 mm coniati grossolamente e frequentemente irriconoscibili 1 .

Εγχειρίδιο Βυζαντινής Ιστορίας, 4ος - 11ος αι. [Οnline Byzantine History, 4th - 11th c. AD]. Ηλεκτρονικό μάθημα ΙΒΥ 601: Βυζαντινή Ιστορία Ι (324-1081), Tμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας, Φιλοσοφική Σχολή ΑΠΘ, αναρτημένο στην επίσημη... more

Εγχειρίδιο Βυζαντινής Ιστορίας, 4ος - 11ος αι. [Οnline Byzantine History, 4th - 11th c. AD]. Ηλεκτρονικό μάθημα ΙΒΥ 601: Βυζαντινή Ιστορία Ι (324-1081), Tμήμα Ιστορίας και Αρχαιολογίας, Φιλοσοφική Σχολή ΑΠΘ, αναρτημένο στην επίσημη διαδικτυακή πλατφόρμα "Open Courses Auth" / "Ανοικτά Ακαδημαϊκά Μαθήματα ΑΠΘ": https://opencourses.auth.gr/courses/OCRS403/

IN THE ANCIENT WORLD, gold and silver were the coinage of the elite, but humble copper was the coinage of the common folk. For over 120 years, the single denomination of copper coinage issued by the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire was... more

IN THE ANCIENT WORLD, gold and silver were the coinage of the elite, but humble copper was the coinage of the common folk. For over 120 years, the single denomination of copper coinage issued by the Eastern Roman ("Byzantine") Empire was "Anonymous". The Anonymous follis did not bear the name or portrait of the ruler but instead bore an image of Jesus and a religious motto. Fifteen different types are known, though only about six are common, with affordable and collectible examples. These coins are often carelessly overstruck, and generations of painstaking research by numismatists have made it possible to reconstruct the sequence of this fascinating series.

Archaeological works in El Tolmo de Minateda have unearthed an important number of coins ranging from the Pre-Roman era to the Islamic period. The coins come mainly from the High Medieval parts of the settlement, a Visigoth ciuitas mostly... more

Archaeological works in El Tolmo de Minateda have unearthed an important number of coins ranging from the Pre-Roman era to the Islamic period. The coins come mainly from the High Medieval parts of the settlement, a Visigoth ciuitas mostly erected ex nouo in the beginning of the VII Century, and an Islamic phase representing the latest occupation of the settlement and shaping a wide urban layout that overlays the religious area, until it was finally abandoned in the middle of the IX Century. The stratigraphic contextualization of the coins and its relation to the other archaeological materials is a powerful methodological tool that provides further insight into certain historical and economic aspects impossible to analyse in other ways. Such is the case of establishing the quantity and timeline of the existence of old currencies in high Medieval phases; use of currency and model of monetary circulation in the Visigoth city; the introduction of the Islamic currency, the arrival of the Carolingian, Oriental and African currencies, the fragmentation of the Islamic silver currency at an early stage, as well as dating ceramic contexts in the VIII Century.

Απαγορεύεται η αναδημοσίευση, η αναπαραγωγή, ολική ή μερική, καθώς και η απόδοση, παράφραση ή διασκευή του περιεχομένου του βιβλίου με οποιονδήποτε τρόπο, μηχανικό, ηλεκτρονικό, φωτοτυπικό ή άλλο, χωρίς προηγούμενη γραπτή άδεια του... more

Απαγορεύεται η αναδημοσίευση, η αναπαραγωγή, ολική ή μερική, καθώς και η απόδοση, παράφραση ή διασκευή του περιεχομένου του βιβλίου με οποιονδήποτε τρόπο, μηχανικό, ηλεκτρονικό, φωτοτυπικό ή άλλο, χωρίς προηγούμενη γραπτή άδεια του εκδότη, σύμφωνα με τον Νόμο 2121/1993 και τους κανόνες Διεθνούς Δικαίου που ισχύουν στην Ελλάδα.