Electricity Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Nigeria is a country faced with great challenges in the power sector. This is as a result of inadequate administrative and technical efforts in handling issues in this sector. Aforetime, the country has solely depended on grid electricity... more

Nigeria is a country faced with great challenges in the power sector. This is as a result of inadequate administrative and technical efforts in handling issues in this sector. Aforetime, the country has solely depended on grid electricity generation which has proven to be unstable for several decades. These and others, has made it imperative to introduce the use of renewable energy in addressing some of the electricity challenges facing the country. The sources of renewable energy which could serve as an alternative source of power include wind, solar, and biogas. These can also be combined together as an entity to form a hybrid renewable energy source. In this paper, a solar tree was designed and constructed to provide an alternative supply of electricity to farm settlements in Nigeria. This is achieved by generating electricity from a single or multiple number of solar panels connected with a charge controller, a battery bank for storage and an inverter circuit to supply electrical power. Depending on the electrical load demand and the applications coverage area, the solar tree rating and specification can be a single-phase or three-phase AC output.

The increasing wind power generation requires the updating of the computational tools that support decision making in the operation and planning of electric power systems. This work describes a methodology to model the spatial... more

The increasing wind power generation requires the updating of the computational tools that support decision making in the operation and planning of electric power systems. This work describes a methodology to model the spatial correlations among wind speeds probability distributions in probabilistic power flow. The proposed methodology is based on Nataf transformation and Monte Carlo Simulation. The proposed methodology is illustrated in case studies with the IEEE 24 bus test system, highlighting the importance of adequately considering such correlations.

This study answers two questions about power sector reform in Moldova. First, did reform affect the poor and the non-poor differently? Second, are household consumption patterns different for private and public distribution networks? The... more

This study answers two questions about power sector reform in Moldova. First, did reform affect the poor and the non-poor differently? Second, are household consumption patterns different for private and public distribution networks? The study concludes that reforms have not disproportionately affected the poor. The gap in electricity consumption between poor and non-poor is closing, as a result of improvements in the supply of electricity, particularly in rural areas, and the significant growth in income over the past four years. Moldova's residential electricity consumption remains exceptionally low and is probably highly inelastic, especially for the very poor. This implies that unless they are accompanied by increases in income, future tariff increases could create large potential consumer welfare losses-as well as large revenue gains for the utility. It also implies that there may be room for substantial welfare gains by helping households better manage their electricity ex...

The present study aims to analyze the discourse of management and policy-making in the field of electricity in the country to study and analyze the text of 100 interviews, lectures, statements and quotations conducted in this regard in... more

The present study aims to analyze the discourse of management and policy-making in the field of electricity in the country to study and analyze the text of 100 interviews, lectures, statements and quotations conducted in this regard in the years after the revolution; Based on the theory of Laclau and Moff discourse,it focuses on specific themes and their elaboration Thus, first the main themes and axes of policymakers' discourse were extracted and then it was determined which themes have a special position and how they are placed in that discourse according to other themes. The main themes and axes of the dominant discourse entitled "Development based on the abundance of fossil resources in the country" are: "Sustainable electricity supply", "Self-sufficiency and self-reliance in the electricity industry", "Economic supply of electricity" and "Poverty alleviation and justice", have been elaborated around the central slab of "fossil fuel-based development". Analyzing the discourse of policymakers showed that they see the issues of electricity supply in the context of the "fossil electricity discourse" which is at the heart of "fossil fuel development". In this way, all their actions become meaningful in the context of the fossil regime discourse, and this discourse has been able to marginalize other sub-discourses, whether modifying or opposing the use of this energy, restructuring the electricity, nuclear and renewable industries, and this discource masters its concepts and achieves hegemony.

The differentiation and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) depend on various in vivo environmental factors or cues, which may include an endogenous electrical field (EF), as observed during nervous system development and... more

The differentiation and proliferation of neural stem/progenitor cells (NPCs) depend on various in vivo environmental factors or cues, which may include an endogenous electrical field (EF), as observed during nervous system development and repair. In this study, we investigate the morphologic, phenotypic, and mitotic alterations of adult hippocampal NPCs that occur when exposed to two EFs of estimated endogenous strengths. NPCs treated with a 437 mV/mm direct current (DC) EF aligned perpendicularly to the EF vector and had a greater tendency to differentiate into neurons, but not into oligodendrocytes or astrocytes, compared to controls. Furthermore, NPC process growth was promoted perpendicularly and inhibited anodally in the 437 mV/mm DC EF. Yet fewer cells were observed in the DC EF, which in part was due to a decrease in cell viability. The other EF applied was a 46 mV/mm alternating current (AC) EF. However, the 46 mV/mm AC EF showed no major differences in alignment or differentiation, compared to control conditions. For both EF treatments, the percent of mitotic cells during the last 14 h of the experiment were statistically similar to controls. Reported here, to our knowledge, is the first evidence of adult NPC differentiation affected in an EF in vitro. Further investigation and application of EFs on stem cells is warranted to elucidate the utility of EFs to control phenotypic behavior. With progress, the use of EFs may be engineered to control differentiation and target the growth of transplanted cells in a stem cell-based therapy to treat nervous system disorders.

Was the Texas blackout a market failure or regulatory failure? The economist Hayek has been adduced in support of both views. Hayek would have approved the competitive Texas system, including ERCOT. His likely view on the scarcity pricing... more

Was the Texas blackout a market failure or regulatory failure? The economist Hayek has been adduced in support of both views. Hayek would have approved the competitive Texas system, including ERCOT. His likely view on the scarcity pricing framework is less clear, and the recent regulatory implementation of the “circuit breaker” was problematic. There is now a need to revise the scarcity pricing framework in the light of recent events, and to reflect ever-changing market conditions.

Why Prepaid Electricity? You prepay for a lot of things you don’t even think about – your morning latte, tickets to the game, oh, and that gym membership. Except you’ll actually use your electricity. Prepaid allows you to know what you’re... more

Why Prepaid Electricity?
You prepay for a lot of things you don’t even think about – your morning latte, tickets to the game, oh, and that gym membership. Except you’ll actually use your electricity. Prepaid allows you to know what you’re paying for before you use it. By choosing prepaid electricity there is no need for the credit checks required by traditional postpay electricity plans. And with Pogo, you can cancel anytime without penalty, so there’s no risk.

To compare the efficacy of manual and oscillating-rotating electric toothbrushes in removing plaque and reducing gingivitis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Randomised clinical trial. 20 subjects aged 10 to 14 years (8... more

To compare the efficacy of manual and oscillating-rotating electric toothbrushes in removing plaque and reducing gingivitis in patients with fixed orthodontic appliances. Randomised clinical trial. 20 subjects aged 10 to 14 years (8 males; 12 females) scheduled for fixed orthodontic treatment were enrolled, randomly divided into two groups, A and B, and later assigned electric or manual toothbrushes, respectively. Three months after orthodontic appliance bonding (T1), and again after a further 4 (T2) and 8 (T3) weeks, plaque levels (PI), gingival bleeding (GBI) and hypertrophy were assessed. Between the two toothbrush types, statistically significant differences in PI were detected from T2 to T3 (P value 0.010), but not from T1 to T2. In contrast, the GBI was significantly different from T1 to T2 (P value 0.025), but not from T2 to T3. With respect to the manual orthodontic toothbrush, the electric oscillating-rotating toothbrush was found to better improve both PI and GBI.

Tripodal peptide analogues were designed on the basis of the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of the Src SH2 domain and assayed for their ability to bind to fluorescein-labeled phosphopeptides. Fluorescence polarization assays showed that a... more

Tripodal peptide analogues were designed on the basis of the phosphotyrosine binding pocket of the Src SH2 domain and assayed for their ability to bind to fluorescein-labeled phosphopeptides. Fluorescence polarization assays showed that a number of amphipathic linear peptide analogues (LPAs), such as LPA4, bind to fluorescein-labeled GpYEEI (F-GpYEEI). LPA4 was evaluated for potential application in cellular delivery of phosphopeptides. Fluorescence microimaging cellular uptake studies with fluorescein-attached LPA4 (F-LPA4) alone or with the mixture of LPA4 and F-GpYEEI in BT-20 cells showed dramatic increase of the fluorescence intensity in cytosol of cells, indicating that LPA4 can function as a delivery tool of F-GpYEEI across the cell membrane. Fluorescent flow cytometry studies showed the cellular uptake of F-LPA4 in an energy-independent pathway and confirmed the cellular uptake of F-GpYEEI in the presence of LPA4. These studies suggest that amphipathic tripodal peptide analo...

Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector has been developed by combining photovoltaic (PV) technology and solar thermal collector in one module. The combination of two technologies in the same module has the potential to reduce cost of... more

Hybrid photovoltaic-thermal (PVT) collector has been developed by combining photovoltaic (PV) technology and solar thermal collector in one module. The combination of two technologies in the same module has the potential to reduce cost of materials and the required space also improves performance of collectors. The hybrid PVT collectors were designed to generate electrical and thermal energy simultaneously. PV technology converts solar radiation into electrical energy while solar thermal collector will be converting solar energy to thermal energy. The main components of PVT collectors are PV panel, absorber plate, working fluid and insulator. According to the previous research, PVT collectors were developed by using air and water as a heat transfer medium. The benefits of heat removal are increasing PV panel efficiency by removing excessive heat from module. Parameters affecting the overall performances of PVT collectors included mass flow rate, area of collector, irradiance and PV cell materials. This paper presents a review of energy and exergy analysis of air-based and water-based PVT collector with different designs. The performances of PVT collectors were studied using First Law and Second Law of Thermodynamics. This study has found that generally the energy and exergy efficiency are range from 40%-70% and 5%-25%, respectively.

This paper discusses the effects of the implementation of the EU electricity acquis in the Energy Community (EnC) Contracting Parties, where the social, economic and political conditions are different from those in the old EU Member... more

This paper discusses the effects of the implementation of the EU electricity acquis in the Energy
Community (EnC) Contracting Parties, where the social, economic and political conditions
are different from those in the old EU Member States. The liberalization of the electrícity
industry has hød an important impact on social issues such as tariff reþrms as well
as affordability in these countries. To balonce this impact, the EnC countries must be able
to use mechanisms from the EU electricity acquis such us Public Service Oblioation (PSO).
Thís paper ossesses whether the PSO provisions from Directive zooj/54/EC have been properly
used as a regulatory tool aimed at addressing the impact of the liberalization of the
electricíty sectors in the Contracting Parties, or whether its only served as a justffication to
excessively regulate the end-users' electricity pnces.