Green Finance Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The policy brief makes the case that while the financial sector is key to reach the objectives of the Paris Agreement, it must be transformed to be able to consider the long-term public interest and common goods. Accordingly, it requires... more

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- Financial Regulation, Green Finance, Sustainable finance, Climate Finance

The report is a deliverable to Horizon2020 Project COP21 RIPPLES. It departs from the novelty of Paris Agreement’s article 2.1.c and its goal of shifting all financial flows towards climate alignment in terms of both mitigation and adaptation. Such a new and all-encompassing goal created the commitment among signatory countries to build individual strategies for bringing their financial sectors under compliance. In order to achieve so and following the remaining bottom-up approach brought by the Agreement (e.g. with the NDCs), finance must be understood in its multiplicity and dynamism across different theoretical and governance traditions, grounding a more polycentric framework that enables tailored – and often more effective locally and nationally – financial solutions in terms of climate alignment. Based on this, the report goes on to dive into six different financial sector-specific theories, policy and governance approaches, bringing them under the light of the climate urgency. After discussing them in some detail, we have built an exploratory framework to compare how different countries/regions have been approaching their national financial sector against the responsibility brought by the need of a total shift towards climate alignment. Finally, we use the framework to pilot the comparison between two important current approaches: (i) the Action Plan on Sustainable Finance, by the European Union, and (ii) the Guidelines for Establishing the Green Financial System, by China.

- by Luis H Zamarioli
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- Climate change policy, Financial Regulation, Green Finance, Climate Finance

Household demand for green financial products is rarely investigated in the literature, except for ESG investments. This paper investigates the demand for a broader spectrum of finance (capital and banking markets together). The approach comes from data science in order to manage survey data's high dimensionality. Four consumer groups are formed regarding green demand based on clustering. A positive relationship between green and financial knowledge and financial and personal green attitude is observable. Individuals with a more robust attitude toward sustainability in their daily life consumer decisions also have a stronger attitude toward green finance. However, a positive attitude is not enough to choose a ‘green’ product. The research empirically supports that subsidy policy and promoting financial and ecoliteracy together would strengthen the demand for green financial products.

- by András Póra and +1
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- Environmental literacy, Financial Literacy, Consumer Behavior, Environmental Sustainability

The 2018 report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change on limiting global warming to 1.5 °C highlights the importance of access to capital for reaching this target. As directly or indirectly government-owned and -controlled investment vehicles with a an intrinsically long-term perspective, sovereign wealth funds have an self-interest in preventing climate change and its long-term impacts on the world economy and their broader portfolios. Other investors may choose to look upon climate change as an externality as long as they are not forced to take it into account. By contrast, sovereign wealth funds are perhaps the investor class for whom it makes most sense to internalize the consequences of climate change, as their long-term investment horizon makes them directly vulnerable to its consequences. Nonetheless, the number of sovereign wealth funds that engage in such investments and the proportion of their capital that is directed towards green financing remains small. This chapter discusses the operational aspects that make sovereign wealth funds good candidates of public green financing and the limitations that they face in this process. The discussion concludes with useful policy and governance considerations.

- by Indra Overland and +1
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- Finance, Climate Change, Renewable Energy, Governance

M&As study indicate that acquiring firm shareholders tend to receive either significant negative or insignificant returns (Datta, Pinches, and Narayanan, 1992; Hitt, Ireland, and Harrison, 2001). Researchers have examined many factors including M&A experience deal structure, method of payment, leveraging of firm knowledge, innovation, or resource base, managerial motives and the ownership structure of the acquirer or the target. During the specific M&A deal interests of the owners of the acquiring firm temporarily diverge.

- by Darko Milosevic
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- Finance, Mergers and acquisitions (Business), Private Equity, Green Finance

At the global level and in particular the European level, challenges related to climate change and the transition to green transactions have created an imperative where identifying or developing innovative financial instruments, appropriate for these priorities, have become our research priorities and objectives. Starting from the analysis of the European Investment Plan for green transactions, as well as the EU Directive 2018/410 of the European Parliament and of the Council, in conjunction with ongoing efforts to identify innovative financing tools, research is presented based on hypotheses using concepts and models of green financing. The paper aims to analyze the main concepts and phenomena that could be considered generative factors for current financial market trends, as well as the inventory of facts and acts that provide a picture of the financial market. Based on these investigations, this paper suggest how we can best analyze the economic environment, processes, and resour...

- by rajendra mohanty
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- Business, Climate Change, Sustainable Development, Financial Risk Management

In an era of rising concerns of global warming, combatting climate change has been become a priority on the international agenda. In order to achieve the 2-degree goal, green finance has a vital role to play. Mauritius, being a developing country is no exception to join the league and to promote the provision of green finance. Green finance is a financing instrument binding the green industries to the financial institutions with the objective to protect the environment. However, there has been scant literature on the development of green finance in developing countries. The chapter attempts to map the nexus between the provider of green finance by the commercial banks and the users of green finance in Mauritius while investigating their different green finance solutions proposed. Two surveys were administered to 200 individual customers and 50 businesses under the user’s category and to 15 banks in Mauritius as providers of green finance. The results show that green finance is still...

- by Karishma Ansaram
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- Environmental Sustainability, Green Finance, Sustainable finance
- by Aminul Haque Russel
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- Business, Services Marketing and Management, Bank Management, Banking
- by Dr. Bikramaditya Ghosh
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- Sustainable Development, Green Energy, Green Finance, Creative Economy

ნაშრომში განხილულია მწვანე ეკონომიკის განვითარების კუთხით არსებული მდგომარეობა, ფინანსური სექტორის როლი და გავლენა კლიმატის ცვლილებასთან მიმართებაში და მისი პოტენციური შესაძლებლობები მცირე ლოკალური ენერგოეფექტური პროექტების... more

In the last decade, the idea of sustainable development and sustainable economy is increasingly being discussed on the international forum, uniting governments as well as international and national institutions/organisations in joint initiatives for the environmental protection. Transition to a sustainable global economy needs financial sources for investments that provide environmental benefits. Green bonds, together with green loans, are basic financial instruments considered as sources of green projects financing. The green bond market is relatively new, but has rapidly been increasing; however, to maintain this growth, investors’ and issuers’ confidence in the green bonds credentials is indispensable. Therefore, the guidelines and standards accepted by financial markets and clearly indicating what should be considered as green investment are crucial for further development of the green bond market and the accomplishment of the green finance objectives. The aim of this paper is to analyse the potential of the green bond market to finance the shift towards sustainable economy. By the method of case studies of countries leading in green bond issuance, the paper summarises the best practices that can be implemented in the EU countries to exploit the potential of the green bonds growing market. For better understanding the origin of green bonds, basic theoretical background of green finance is also provided.

- by Tomasz Bieliński
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- Green Economics, Sustainable Development, Green Finance, Sustainable finance

Innovations in the financial sector play a critical role in promoting economic growth. Studies that have sought to investigate this linkage in sub- Saharan Africa have produced mixed results. None of the existing studies have attempted to examine the possible mediating role of financial inclusion in explaining the relationship between innovations and growth. This paper thus sought to establish if financial inclusion mediates the relationship between innovation and growth. Secondary data from (26 selected SSA countries over the period 2004 to 2017 were used. The data were analysed using the GMM estimation technique. It was found amongst other things that investments in innovations in the banking sector promote financial inclusion. In addition, financial inclusion fully mediates the relationship between innovation and economic growth. It is thus recommended that governments in the sub-region invest in the appropriate technological infrastructure that the banking sector can leverage on in the provision of banking services as the key to promoting financial inclusion and economic growth.

- by Godfred Aawaar
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- Business, Economic Growth, Financial Inclusion, Green Finance
- by Dragica Stojanović
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- Business, Green Finance

- by Stella Tsani
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- Business, Finance, Climate Change, Renewable Energy

" The Time to Act is now and the Place to act is here " U.N warned the 193 member nations on 18 October 2010 at a major summit on Biodiversity in Tokyo regarding the rapid loss of animals and plants species and the habitat we live in and requested members to stop this great disaster. Environmental concern has been a great concern to both developed and developing nations. Earlier it was assumed that economic development and environmental protection cannot be blended together, but the recognition of the interdependence of the environment and the economy is increasingly recognized. As such the Rio +20 United Nations Summit (June 2012) on Sustainable Development's theme is the Green Economy. Green Economy is being a dream for many nations. Experiencing more than a 200% increase in growth since 2005, 2010 broke all records – at $243 billion, investments were double the figure in 2006 and nearly five times that from 2004. One of the main drivers of the unparalleled growth seen in clean energy investments in 2010 was the direct result of government intercession. In India also Greengrowth is an adopted agenda. There has been increasing concern on environmental degradation caused by rapid industrialization and realization of the need to take corrective measures to protect the environment.Green finance can make this happen faster. The objective behind this paper is to give an overview of need of green economy, and green financing as an effective tool to attain this goal of green economy. Also how green approach can be implemented effectively in India, through proper policy. This is descriptive type of research and is based on secondary data primarily used e-journals, articles, news highlights and websites.

The need for the transition from a high-carbon to a low-carbon economy has led to the creation of the so-called green banks, while many financial institutions around the world are gradually adjusting their loan portfolio to a greener one by financing environmentfriendly projects. Using a panel data set of 165 global and non-global banks from 38 countries worldwide, covering the period 1999-2015, we examine whether there are any discernible performance differences between green and non-green banks. The variables of interest are fundamental CAMEL factors. By employing panel data techniques, we investigate whether there are statistically significant differences between the two groups. Moreover, we adopt the Differences-inDifferences approach to examine whether green banks ("treatment" group) and non-green banks ("control" group) exhibit differential behavior, and we use the financial crisis outbreak as the time of intervention. We find that both green and non-green banks are affected by nearly the same bank-specific factors and that they do not exhibit heterogeneous behavior with respect to several fundamental aspects. Specifically, our results show that green bankswhether global or notperform better than their non-green counterparts only in terms of Total Capital Ratio and Tier1 Capital Ratio during and after the financial crisis. As for the rest of the CAMEL factors, it seems that both groups exhibit the same behavior, especially in the post-crisis period. In addition, our results indicate that the financial crisis has: (a) a positive effect on capital adequacy (excluding Leverage Ratio which seems to have remained unaffected), on asset quality and management quality; (b) a negative effect on earnings ability; (c) a negative impact on liquidity, for both bank types. These results seem robust for the pre-and, especially, the post-2007-2008 financial crisis periods.

- by Ioannis Malandrakis
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- Climate Change, Green Finance, Green Banking

The financial inclusion is a crucial element in the fight against poverty. The ability to take effective decisions regarding the use and management of money with required informed judgments is financial literacy. It enables a person to understand the importance of savings and thus regarded as an important requirement for functioning effectively in modern society. Large sections of the rural population borrow from moneylenders (their sole resource) at a very high and unreasonable cost causing slavery and have no access to any financial services. The article highlights that considering the immensely large population of the country, the progress on financial inclusion is not enough and financial institutions and banks need to manage their efforts towards financial inclusion since the development of the economy is impacted and linked with the extent of financial inclusion in the country. Access to finance by the underprivileged group, poor, and disadvantaged is essential to remove poverty on one hand and the economic growth on the other.

- by SUNIL KAPADIA
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- Development Economics, Macroeconomics, Economic Growth, Sustainable Development

With growing global concern for environmental protection, climate change and sustainable development, policymakers and researchers have recently focused on green finance. In this study, existing studies on green finance in the context of the banking sector have been reviewed with considerations on products and determinants of green finance. The content analysis approach has been used to critically analyse and summarize forty-six (46) relevant studies. The results found green securities, green investments, climate finance, carbon finance, green insurance, green credit and green infrastructural bonds as part of key green finance products of banks. Pertinent determinants the study found to be influencing green finance policies from banks include environmental and climate change policies, interest rates, religion, risks, social inclusion and social justice as well as banking regulations. In theory, this study provides a guide for further studies. The results of the study will assist banks on the key issues to consider in adopting, developing and granting green finance. ARTICLE HISTORY

- by Isaac Akomea-Frimpong and +2
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- Sustainable Development, Banking, Literature Review, Green Finance

Proposals for greening the economy necessarily involve the greening of finance as well. But how is a greener finance to be achieved? Activist strategies that fail to take stock of where finance is today in the wake of the 2007-08 breakdown -- and the struggles that are continuing to develop between neoliberalism and the commons -- are unlikely to succeed, and may actually do harm.

- by Larry Lohmann
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- Finance, Green Finance, The Commons

Green financing is a term that refers to sustainable development projects and initiatives, environmentally friendly products and policies that encourage financial investment to stimulate more sustainable economy. This paper mainly determines the allocation of green financing to the various green projects by categorized banking and non banking sectors in Bangladesh. This study shows the trend of the refinancing project for the green products by the Bangladesh Bank. The research is based on the secondary data in the descriptive and analytical nature. This study observes that the Private Commercial Banks (80.4 percent) contribute more funds to the green project and the tendency to reinvest in green projects is increasing day by day. This study recommends in order stimulating the advancement of sustainable development in Bangladesh, it is important to review the policies related to green financing.

- by Sanuar Hossain
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- Sustainable Development, Green Finance, Green Financing
- by Alan Meyer
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- Marketing, Firms' Environmental Performance, Green Finance, Business and Management

Purpose-The contribution of the public-private partnership (PPP) model towards the achievement of the United Nation (UN)'s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) has been widely acknowledged. However, limited studies have shed light on the connection between PPPs and the achievement of these coveted goals in Ghana. In this study, the authors aimed at analysing and synthesising the existing literature on the use of PPP to achieve sustainability in infrastructure projects in the country. Design/methodology/approach-A three-step approach was used to retrieve and review 60 selected articles aided by content analysis. Findings-The analysis showed that all existing relevant publications on the application of the PPP model to attain UN's SDGs in the country are organised around dominant themes, such as poverty alleviation, urban development, waste management and risk management. However, the review revealed little studies exist on pertinent issues relating to PPPs and sustainable development goals, such as climate action, critical resilience, sustainable finance and clean energy. Research limitations/implications-Although the study is limited to 60 articles in Ghana, the results reveal pertinent gaps for further research studies to achieve sustainable infrastructural development in Ghana and other countries. Practical implications-Holistically, the outcome of this study will serve as a guide to project managers to understand essential issues on attaining sustainability on public projects. Originality/value-This article contributes to the literature and practice on the significance of PPP in mainstreaming UN's SDGs in public infrastructure projects.

Banks are financial institution which can play an outstanding role between sustainable economic growth and environmental protection in order to prove themselves as environment friendly and socially accountable institution. For promoting this there is nothing but " Green Banking " which is the most talked topic in the recent banking activities and responsibilities. Green Banking refers to the banking business conducted in selected area and technique that helps the reduction of carbon emission surround the world. To aid the reduction of carbon emission bank should finance green technology and pollution reducing sectors. Green finance is an integral part of Green banking that makes a great contribution to the transition to resource-efficient and low carbon industries. Green Banking is certainly a new initiative throughout the world. The leading bankers and entrepreneurs have come forward to protect human being from environmental disasters. In the context of Bangladesh, if we think about it, we will find the situation to be terrible. Our people have little awareness about environment pollution and they do not understand the severe consequences of this pollution which will create an unexpected trouble in the coming decades.

- by Sazzad Hossain
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- Finance, Accounting, Green Finance, Online Banking
- by Pierre Failler
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- Green Finance

- by Isaac Akomea-Frimpong
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- Economics, Sustainable Development, Banking, Literature Review

The report offers concrete insights from G20 countries on how to harness the power of current and nascent digital technologies that underpin the digitalization of finance to deliver on the SDGs. A key message from the report is that technologies including big data, artificial intelligence (AI), mobile platforms, blockchain, and the Internet of things (IoT), can address a number of the most significant barriers, identified by the G20 Green Finance Study Group, to scaling the deployment of sustainable finance.

- by Juan Elias Chebly, Ph.D.
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- Green Finance, Sustainable finance, Climate Finance, G20

- by Magdalena Mosionek-Schweda
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- Business, Green Economics, Sustainable Development, Green Finance

Głównym celem artykułu jest analiza działań polskiego rządu w zakresie emisji zielonych obligacji. Autorzy na podstawie badań z wykorzystaniem badań jakościowych (analiza danych zastanych, wywiad) podjęli próbę wskazania podstawowych celów i rezultatów działań sprzyjających ochronie środowiska oraz wskazania możliwości rozwoju instrumentów finansowych w obszarze zielonych finansów
= The main aim of the article is to analyse the activities of the Polish government in the field of issuing green bonds. The authors attempted, on the basis of qualitative research (research desk, interview), to indicate the basic objectives and results of activities conducive to environmental protection, as well as to indicate the possibilities of developing financial instruments in the area of green finance.

Ο πλανήτης μας διαθέτει πεπερασμένους φυσικούς πόρους ενώ σε αντίθεση οι ανθρώπινες ανάγκες είναι ακόρεστες. Μεγάλο πλήθος ακαδημαϊκών μελετών σημειώνει ότι η οικονομική δραστηριότητα που αναπτύσσουμε έχει αρνητικό αντίκτυπο στο περιβάλλον.
Γίνεται κατανοητό ότι το μέχρι τώρα μοντέλο παραγωγής και ανάπτυξης (business as usual) μας οδηγεί στην κοινωνική, οικονομική και οικολογική χρεωκοπία. Η ανάπτυξη νέων χρηματοδοτικών εργαλείων για την επίτευξη του μοντέλου της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης (sustainable development) μοιάζει πλέον επιτακτική και αυτό είναι το ζήτημα που πραγματεύεται η παρούσα διπλωματική εργασία.
Συγκεκριμένα, θα παρουσιασθούν η εξέλιξη των πράσινων ομολόγων, οι τάσεις που επικρατούν στη διεθνή αγορά, τα δομικά τους στοιχεία, η βιωσιμότητα και η χρησιμότητά τους. Μέσω της βιβλιογραφικής ανασκόπησης, σχετικά με τα κρατικά ομόλογα, θα αναφερθούν ευρήματα και αναλύσεις από τη σχετική διεθνή ακαδημαϊκή βιβλιογραφία. Επίσης, θα γίνει αναφορά στο εσωτερικό περιβάλλον των τραπεζών, αναφορικά με τη βιώσιμη ανάπτυξη και σε σύγχρονα «πράσινα» τραπεζικά προϊόντα.
Στη συνέχεια, στο τρίτο κεφάλαιο της διπλωματικής εργασίας θα εξετασθεί, μέσω της στατιστικής ανάλυσης δεδομένων και της διεξαγωγής ελέγχων υποθέσεων, κατά πόσο τα «πράσινα» ομόλογα (green bonds) αποτελούν μια εναλλακτική επενδυτική λύση σε σύγκριση με τα «συμβατικά» ομόλογα (conventional bonds). Τέλος, θα παρουσιασθούν τα αποτελέσματα της στατιστικής ανάλυσης και τα συμπεράσματα που προκύπτουν από την παραπάνω συλλογιστική πορεία.
Βαθύτερος στόχος της εν λόγω εργασίας είναι η ανάδειξη της αναγκαιότητας για την εφαρμογή ενός διαφορετικού μοντέλου οικονομικής ανάπτυξης, αυτό της βιώσιμης ανάπτυξης με σεβασμό στο περιβάλλον και στην κοινωνία.

- by Theofanis V . Zacharatos
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- Sustainable Development, Green Finance, Green bonds, Green Investments

Green reporting and green regulation have been commonly used in the sustainability movement. This study evaluates Bangladesh Bank's (BB's) green regulation by considering the global reporting initiative (GRI) of environmental regulation along with self-determined content to justify BB's institutional effort in the banking sector. The analytical study has considered secondary data of all listed banks on the Dhaka Stock Exchange between 2013 to 2016. A multi-theoretical framework has been adopted in which the research is comprised of institutional, stakeholder, and legitimacy theories. Considering the analytical research, we have drawn-up a green reporting score and undertaken SWOT analysis. The results of the study have identified the narrow coverage of BB's regulation and strategic limitations. Moreover, the findings of the study show that banking companies disclosed more green information in line with BB's regulation. Furthermore, our analysis has found the lack of transparency of green reporting in terms of absent global reporting as well as external verification. Additionally, we have documented that BB's regulation falls into a legitimacy threat owing to political, corporate, and social responsibility. Therefore, we concluded that for BB to overcome all possible weaknesses and threats, it should consider all possible opportunities for a holistic international reporting framework while taking into account a transparent financial sector.

- by Md Abdul K Masud and +1
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- Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Finance, Bangladesh Bank, Green Banking

Identifying the intersection between digital finance, green finance and social finance is important for promoting sustainable financial, social and environmental development. This paper suggests a link between digital finance, green finance and social finance. Using a simple conceptual model, I show that digital finance offers a smooth, efficient and seamless channel for individuals and corporations to fund social projects that deliver a social dividend, and green projects that promote a sustainable environment. The implication is that digital finance is both an enabler and a channel for efficient green financing and social financing.

- by Dr Peterson K Ozili
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- Business, Management, Finance, Economics

Over the past 15 years, the number of government-sponsored strategic investment funds has grown rapidly in countries at all income levels. This paper identifies some of the challenges that these funds face in their endeavor to achieve economic policy objectives while also securing commercial financial returns -- the so-called double bottom line. Through a review of the objectives, investment strategies, and operations of a sample of strategic investment funds, this paper outlines ways in which these challenges have been addressed. The paper suggests that properly structured and managed strategic investment funds can be effective vehicles for crowding in private investors to priority investments, thus magnifying the impact of public capital. However, their success rests on the funds' ability to balance policy and commercial objectives, source investment opportunities, and secure the right fund management capacity.

- by Håvard Halland
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- Financial development, Venture Capital, Private Equity, Green Finance

- by Deborah Ofosu and +1
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- Economics, Sustainable Development, Banking, Literature Review

Purpose of this article is resource based perspective that corporate social responsibility can provide firms with unique competences adding value to the firms. Russo and Fouts (1997) analyzed 257 companies over a period of two years using the Compustat database. By using environmental performance ratings from the Franklin Research and Development Corporation (FRDC), Russo & Fouts (1997) found evidence that “it pays to be green”. They predicted that environmentally proactive firms will acquire assets related to pollution prevention. Higher environmental performance is associated with higher financial performance, relationship is strengthened as industry growth rises and will enhanced firm profitability.

- by Darko Milosevic
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- Firms' Environmental Performance, Green Finance, RBV, Compustat

Green finance plays a pivotal role in achieving inclusive, resilient and cleaner economic growth by creating environmental benefits. Banking sector plays a decisive role in encouraging environmentally sustainable and socially responsible ventures. To support the reduction of carbon emissions, banking industry should finance green technologies projects. Electronic banking is not only responsible behind economic intensification but it also plays vital role in environmental protection. Main emphasis has been made on the concept and scope of green banking in India so as to make our environment human friendly and enrich our economic productivity. The present study therefore mainly explore the green initiatives and developments took place in the banking sector in India and sites international developments and showcases the various challenges in the area of green financing in India and also recommends measures to face those challenges. The study is descriptive in nature and is based on secondary data taken from various government reports published by the Government of India and other published reports of public and private sector organisations and banks in India.

- by IERJ Journal
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- Sustainable Development, Green Finance, Environmental protection, Green Initiatives
- by Damien Krichewsky and +1
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- Environmental Politics, Egypt, World Bank, Environmental Sustainability

Finance and financial instruments are always evolving. New trends, instruments and financial models are always an essential part of this fast-changing economy. Green finance is the different range of financial products and services introduced to create an opportunity for all environmentally positive impact befalling projects. This is a wide concept which includes all financial instruments which are issued with the main motive of sustainability or promotion of clean energy and pollution reduction practices. This could be in the form of green bonds, green loans, green insurance etc. Countries have also developed their policies and instruments for supporting this venture. According to the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP) report, China is waging far and well in the context of applying green finance and is bound by strong government regulations and policies. They have combined and taken a basket of best practices and formulated their policies and instruments. India, on the other hand, is at the developing stage in the context of green finance as compared to China but is at a better position in implication when compared to other countries. Therefore, a comparative study of these two countries would give the scope and suggestion for development in India concerning green finance. The main aim of this study is to compare the different policies and instruments of green finance in India and China, application and unique green practices adopted by the countries and providing suggestion based on the scope for improvement of green practices in both the countries, through an analysis of secondary literature. Adapting to new financial models and giving priority to green finance would help in strengthening the economy by reaching par above with other countries economically and financially.

Green finance refers to the environment-friendly investment and projects that address sustainability. Presently, excessive use of technology has put a severe challenge for the economy throughout the world. Today, economies are facing two significant problems: environmental impacts and money urgency. So, it needs financing to address the two alarming challenges which otherwise can go from bad to worse. Keeping this in mind, green finance is considered as the solution to environmental degradation. Green finance is also connecting nature with the economy, and it widely addresses ecological development and sustainability. That's why most of the companies have named their stocks as green bonds or green sukuks (it is the name of the stock in Islamic and Ethical Finance, Sukuk is a bond but invested under some defined principles) in ethical finance. It further promotes green activities through monetary improvement. Moreover, ethical finance refers to the investment that is based on specific values and principles. There is a deep relation between green finance and ethical finance; their pinpoint is the same, for example, both support the responsible investment— additionally, this paper endeavours to find out the literature related to green investment and ethical finance.

- by IAEME Publication
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- Green Finance, Green Products, Sustainability, Green bonds

- by Luis H Zamarioli
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- Financial Regulation, Green Finance, Sustainable finance, Climate Finance

This is an age of technology. Now, all types of organizations are adopting the modern technology for providing efficient services to the customers. This study is an attempt to find out the significant factors that affecting the customer " s satisfaction in ATM (Automated Teller Machine) service in Dhaka city. The results of reliability test, factor analysis, and regression analysis focuses that cost of services of ATM, ATM network, security in transactions of ATM, location of ATM Centers, and maximum withdrawal limit per day are the most vital factors in customers satisfaction of ATM services. Finally , it is evident from the study; overall 62% of the customers are satisfied by using ATM services in Dhaka city.

- by Aminul Haque Russel
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- Environmental Finance, Green Finance, Green Banking

This report is one of five sector reports published by the REINVENT project (www.reinvent-project.eu). The project analyses the potential for
decarbonisation in four high-carbon sectors: steel, plastics, paper, and meat & dairy. This report is intended to provide a cross-sectoral analysis of the role that low-carbon finance plays, and can play, in decarbonising sectors. It is primarily conceptual in nature: it discusses how climate and low-carbon finance (these terms, and their distinction, will be discussed later in the introduction) have been conceptualised to date; the gaps
identified in the literature; and how we propose to take these forward in REINVENT, in order to understand the potentials and limitations for innovations in the financial sector to contribute to the decarbonisation of these ‘hard to reach’ industrial sectors.

- by Bregje van Veelen
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- Green Finance, Climate Finance, Carbon Finance, Low-carbon finance

Finance is strengthened in support of financial and individual capital, but frequently we highlight the former at the expense of the latter. As subscribers elsewhere to these essays correctly proclaim, bringing green and sustainable finance requires fastening together of considerable and noteworthy changes right across our economic structure, and indeed in business and society more broadly. The central bank is chiefly responsible for financial and macroeconomic stability; hence, it must address climate-related and other environmental perils on a well-ordered level. Additionally, central banks, by their regulatory control over credit, money, and the financial system, are in a mighty stand to promote the evolution of green finance models and administer a reasonably sufficient assessment of surroundings and carbon perils by monetary bodies.

- by Dr. Abdul Kaium Masud
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- Economics, Corporate Social Responsibility, Green Finance, Bangladesh Bank

- by IAEME Publication
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- Green Finance, Green Products, Sustainability, Green bonds