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- by
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- American History, Chicano Studies, American Studies, American Politics

This writing, "Creative Community Policing Initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina," appears as Chapter 4 in Dennis Stevens' edited book, Policing and Community Partnerships. To meet the public safety needs of increasingly diverse neighborhoods in cities across the nation, creative and innovative community policing initiatives seem to be required to curb and to prevent crimes and related problems and to bridge the gap between the police and citizens through community involvement in policing activities. Community policing is guided by the values of building partnerships, people helping people, and community organizing. In this light, community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are characterized by the concept of "shared responsibility." In this chapter, therefore, the creative and innovative community policing initiatives in Columbia, South Carolina, are examined. This discussion thus focuses on questions as they relate to the community initiatives of the Columbia Police Department and the City of Columbia, South Carolina.

- by carroy ferguson
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- History, Cultural History, Sociology, Cultural Studies

This research tackles the interaction between police and racial inequality. More specifically, it dwells on how democratic policing manifests itself in racially unequal societies. After assessing the existence of racial inequalities regarding the access to rights to life and safety, one wonders how this racial bias is produced and reproduced. To this effect, a review of the national literature on police violence and excessive use of force by
police is performed. We observe the development and consolidation of researches associating race to police brutality outcomes. We investigate the coinage of the term racial profiling, drawing on similarities and specificities of its use in Brazil and in the United States. In Brazil, we verify that researches on racial profiling focus either on accessible statistical data (regarding arrests by flagrante delicto and police use of lethal
force) or social representations that guide police practices and their process of suspicion. The second class of researches indicates an abstract institutional discourse in which racialization scarcely appears (generally in order to deny race) and emphasizes the importance of police agents' subjective constructions in materializing a race-biased conduct. Thus, our field research was guided by the question: in what ways the training provided by the Superior School of Military Police Soldiers of São Paulo state, in the city of São Paulo, influences race relations between police officers and citizens? The results confirm the literature directions that the institution curtails itself before themes such as racial inequality and racial discrimination by the police. It communicates abstracts
categories to be filled with representations – previous and post-training – of the suspect and the criminal. The self-conferred role of the Military Police dismiss its educational attribute in favor of an assimilationist perspective of knowledge, in which there is no space for reflexive analysis, only for body conditioning to automatic and intuitive responses.

- by Zoë Moses
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- Criminology, Police Science, Terrorism, Violence

This research work examines police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria causes and its implications. The objectives of the study is to establish some cases of police brutality in Nigeria; to investigate the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria; to ascertain the implications of police brutality in Nigeria and to recommend ways to prevent police violence in Nigeria. To be able to achieve these objectives, four research questions were raised, such as, are there testimonies and evidences of human rights violation in Nigeria by the police? What are the causes of police brutality and violation of human rights in Nigeria? What are the implications of police brutality in Nigeria? How can police brutality and violation of human rights be prevented in Nigeria? The study made use of descriptive analytical method to analyze data gotten from secondary source such as academic journals, Newspaper publications, Television documentaries, Internet, relevant textbooks etc. Albert Bandura Social learning theory was adopted in this research, which explains that police, violates people's right with impunity because they watch as other officers who violate people's rights are not well sanctioned. The research reveals that police brutality in Nigeria has led to loss of lives, torture of detainees and extortion of suspects. Some of the recommendations are; The Nigerian police commission should strictly investigate and sanction erring officers, there should be a proper police reform, men of the Nigerian police should be subjected to a thorough mental examination before engaging them to service etc.

- by Jude C H I K A D I B I A Onwunyirimadu
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- Law, Violence, Human Rights, Strategic Studies

Ce document est ma thèse de doctorat telle qu'elle a été soutenue. Je suis en train de la réécrire en vue d'une publication. Je prie les lecteurs de pardonner les nombreuses fautes qui émaillent ce texte, que je n'ai ni relu, ni rectifié.... more

- by Pascal Brouillet
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- Police and Policing, Military and Police Affairs, Ancien Régime
- by Raul Benitez Manaut
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- Military History, Mexican Studies, Political Science, Military and Politics

Ευρισκόμενοι αυτό το διάστημα οι περισσότεροι τελειόφοιτοι σπουδαστές που φοιτούν στο τέταρτο έτος της Σχολής Αξιωματικών της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας, στην διαδικασία συγγραφής της ατομικής πτυχιακής τους εργασίας, στα πλαίσια του προγράμματος σπουδών της Σχολής, πήρα αφορμή προκειμένου να αποτυπώσω ορισμένες σκέψεις για την σπουδαιότητα της διαδικασίας αυτής και πως μπορεί «μόνο» να ωφελήσει τον μελλοντικό αξιωματικό της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας που προετοιμάζεται να αποφοιτήσει και να σταδιοδρομήσει στο Σώμα της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας. Η σύνταξη της ατομικής πτυχιακής εργασίας, έχει ως σκοπό την απελευθέρωση του σπουδαστή από την εξάρτηση των διδακτικών βιβλίων μέσα από την αναζήτηση γνώσης μέσα από άλλες πηγές δεδομένων όπως επιστημονικά περιοδικά, το διαδίκτυο, επιστημονικά συγγράμματα και άλλα. Με την σύνταξη της ατομικής πτυχιακής εργασίας αποσκοπείται η καλλιέργεια της αυτόνομης σκέψης και η απόκτηση εμπειρίας στην ταξινόμηση του ερευνητικού υλικού που έχει συγκεντρωθεί στα πλαίσια της συγγραφής της. Μέσα από την έρευνα των πηγών που έχει γίνει, επιδιώκεται η ανάπλαση της πνευματικής προσωπικότητας του συγγραφέα-σπουδαστή και η βελτίωση της προσωπικής του ικανότητας και επιδεξιότητας στο χειρισμό του γραπτού λόγου. Ο σπουδαστής καλείται να χρησιμοποιήσει εκτενή βιβλιογραφία, να διεξάγει έρευνα μεγάλης κλίμακας ώστε να συντάξει τη πτυχιακή εργασία του και την οποία θα παρουσιάσει σε επιστημονική επιτροπή για να αξιολογηθεί. Μέσα από όλη αυτή τη διαδικασία ο σπουδαστής-συγγραφέας, καθίσταται ικανός ως μελλοντικός αξιωματικός της Ελληνικής Αστυνομίας να είναι σε θέση να μπορεί να διαχειρίζεται πηγές δεδομένων, να τις συγκρίνει και να μπορεί να συνθέσει ένα επιστημονικά τεκμηριωμένο κείμενο για οποιοδήποτε θέμα συναφές το επαγγελματικό και ακαδημαϊκό του ενδιαφέρον κληθεί να αντιμετωπίσει στη μετέπειτα πορεία και καριέρα του.

Se identifican las variables que deben abordarse en el estudio del hurto o robo de automotores y el diseño de estrategias contra este delito. Para tal propósito, se realizó una búsqueda sistemática en diferentes bases científicas de datos, se aplicó una entrevista semiestructurada a personas condenadas en Colombia por el delito de hurto de automotores y se contrastó con la evidencia empírica obtenida en diferentes análisis y trabajos de campo realizados por el OBSER-DIJIN. Se utilizó como marco teórico para el análisis la teoría de elección racional y la de la oportunidad. Como resultado, se identificaron once variables que intervienen en el fenómeno: a) rentabilidad, b) tecnología, c) facilidad de legalización, d) nivel organizativo de los delincuentes, e) seguridad, f) vigilancia informal, g) nodos de actividad, h) conducta espacial, i) penalidad, j) transnacionalidad y k) instrumentalización; se terminó por exponer una visión criminológica holística e integradora de los elementos vinculados al fenómeno, y la sugerencia de acciones de control surgidas del análisis multivariado del delito. Se concluye con recomendaciones que pueden ser usadas en la política criminal, en países o territorios con afectación de este tipo de criminalidad

- by Ervyn Norza
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- Criminology, Psychology, Social Psychology, Criminal Law

Sparrow argues that military robots capable of making their own decisions would be independent enough to allow us denial for their actions, yet too unlike us to be the targets of meaningful blame or praise—thereby fostering what Matthias has dubbed “the responsibility gap.” We agree with Sparrow that someone must be held responsible for all actions taken in a military conflict. That said, we think Sparrow overlooks the possibility of what we term “blank check” responsibility: A person of sufficiently high standing could accept responsibility for the actions of autonomous robotic devices—even if that person could not be causally linked to those actions besides this prior agreement. The basic intuition behind our proposal is that humans can impute relations even when no other form of contact can be established. The missed alternative we want to highlight, then, would consist in an exchange: Social prestige in the occupation of a given office would come at the price of signing away part of one's freedoms to a contingent and unpredictable future guided by another (in this case, artificial) agency.

- by Hans Born and +1
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- European Studies, European Security and Defence Policy, European Foreign Policy, European Union

How do post-authoritarian legislatures craft police oversight? This article
applies McCubbins and Schwartz’s model of congressional oversight to
Myanmar’s inaugural post-junta legislature (2011–16). It aims to assess
whether parliament began to play a role in police oversight following
the end of the junta’s rule in 2011. It draws on the analysis of official
legislative proceedings and interviews with members of parliament
from both the ruling Union Solidarity and Development Party (USDP)
and the opposition. The findings suggest that—echoing large swathes
of scholarship on parliamentary scrutiny in fledgling democracies—an
inchoate form of “fire alarm” oversight began to develop. The Union
legislature under the USDP emerged as a site for occasionally shedding
light on police (mis)behaviour, but failed to effectively act on, or sanction,
misconduct. Police scrutiny was tentatively fostered by a handful of
backbenchers who had a keen interest in police issues, a background
in security affairs or were facing pressure from their constituents to
ventilate their grievances against the police in parliament. These findings
contribute to a better understanding of the practice of police oversight
in new legislatures operating under praetorian settings.

- by Renaud Egreteau
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- Asian Studies, Human Rights, Legislative Politics, Police

Due to its initial success in teaching Invincible Defense Technology (IDT) to its military police, Ecuador established a "Prevention Wing of the Military," a group of their military police personnel that practices IDT together twice daily. IDT groups that reach a critical size threshold have been scientifically shown to reduce collective societal stress. Stressed individuals collectively contribute to social stress. Crime, war, and terrorism are hypothesized to be caused by collective societal stress. The absence of collective stress translates into the absence of tension in cities, between countries, and between religious groups. By applying this benign nonlethal and nondestructive technology, police and military can reduce societal stress, prevent crime, and ultimately prevent enemies from arising.

- by David R Leffler
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- Sociology, Political Sociology, Police Science, Strategy (Military Science)
- by Juan Carlos Montero
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- Public Safety, Military and Police Affairs, Public Policy
- by Ervyn Norza
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- Criminology, Criminal Law, Police Science, International Law

The police and the army as hybrid organizations: reality or fiction? National and international security are becoming increasingly interdependent. The question is whether this leads to a certain level of militarization of the police and constabularisation of the military. In some of their operations and units, the Dutch police apply tactics, technologies and organizational principles that resemble those of the military. The police also contribute to international peace support operations and stability missions to train or monitor police in post-conflict areas. The Dutch army has been involved in some sort of interim policing during several stability missions and increasingly support the Dutch police in law enforcement operations by providing search and analytical support. Finally, as a police force with a military status, the Royal Marechaussee has acquired a structural and strong position in the Dutch police system. Although there is some sort of convergence, the authors conclude that the level of militarization of the police and constabularisation of the military remains limited.
(contribution published in Dutch, WODC Justitiële Verkenningen nr. 3-2018)

- by Hans Hovens
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- Military and Police Affairs

Την Παρασκευή 16/03/2018 είχα την τιμή και την χαρά να συμμετέχω στο 6ο Συνέδριο Security Project με θέμα: "Φορητές Κάμερες για τις Αρχές και τις Υπηρεσίες Ασφάλειας (Police Body Worn Cameras): Λογοδοσία, Ευκαιρίες & Κίνδυνοι". Το 6ο Συνέδριο Security Project – που πραγματοποιηθηκε στις 16 & 17 Μαρτίου 2018 στην Αθήνα, στο Wyndham Grand Hotel, από την Smart Press και το περιοδικό Security Manager – αποτελεί την ετήσια κορυφαία συνάντηση των ειδικών και επαγγελματιών στον τομέα της ασφάλειας και ταυτόχρονα το μεγαλύτερο και σημαντικότερο συνεδριακό event για το management, τις υπηρεσίες και τις τεχνολογίες security στην Ελλάδα.
http://www.securityproject.gr/

- by Letícia Simões Gomes
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- Political Science, Racial Profiling, Police Training, Institutional racism
- by Peter Kraska
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- Police, Militarization & Power, Police and Policing, Militarization

Japan faces Chinese military operations against the Senkaku Islands, which Beijing claims under the name Diaoyu. However, China has been mainly using paramilitary and coastguard units, while civilians (fishermen and activists) have also been key actors in her strategy. As a result, Japans' Self-Defense Forces need to develop a wide range of capabilities, so that they can react to different contingencies, from an invasion by a traditional military force to one by unarmed activists, including the different combinations in between. Therefore, by analogy with the USMC's 'Three-Block Doctrine', we may talk about the 'Three-Island Doctrine', and just like the USMC is building a police capability, so should Japan's SDF.

- by Peter Kraska and +1
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- Police, Police and Policing, Military and Police Affairs

"The purpose of this paper is to comment on one of the developments arising from the 2011 summer riots in England, where a website was set up so that the public could identify those involved and report them to the Police. The use of modern technology to identify insurgents could be a response to the lack of working censuses in many areas where stability operations are conducted, seen by some observers as a major weakness.
The central idea is to tell friend from foe, or in classical Maoist terminology, fish from the water, using some of the widely available tools which, on the other hand, seem to have been used to spread the violence in the UK.
The use of a website to spread pictures of violent incidents and have the perpetrators identified by the population would be a way to plug a gap in police capabilities, since the British authorities are unlikely to have the necessary manpower and knowledge to do so on their own.
This is why we can talk of "decentralized intelligence collection and analysis.""

- by Alex Calvo
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- Criminology, Criminal Law, Criminal Justice, Police Science

Ο στόχος αυτής της δημοσίευσης είναι να παρέχει στους αναγνώστες του μια ολοκληρωμένη και αντικειμενική πηγή που περιγράφει τα βασικά θέματα προς εξέταση όσο αφορά αυτή τη τεχνολογία μέσα από βιβλιογραφική επισκόπηση των όσων έχουν γραφτεί, περιγράφοντας στη συνέχεια τα ενδεχόμενα πλεονεκτήματα και τους περιορισμούς της μπορεί να προκύπτουν από τη χρήσης της.

- by Nikolaos Georgitsopoulos
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- Police Science, Accounting, Police, Police Reform
- by abdul gaffur
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- Criminology, Criminal Law, Police Science, International Law

Over the last 25 years, there has been a gradual acceptance within the Canadian Forces that Military Police need to be able to function independently when exercising their duties as police officers. This acceptance has led to organizational and administrative changes to provide such independence to MP members; however, despite these changes, there remains the risk that MP independence may be eroded in the course of criminal or disciplinary investigations. This article presents two recent matters to illustrate that the independence currently afforded to MP investigators is still very much in doubt. The first is the recent decision of the Court Martial Court of Appeal in R v Wellwood, which brought the dichotomy of MP independence and the need to maintain discipline and a rigid obedience to orders from a superior squarely before the court. The second is the recent controversy surrounding the MP investigation into allegations against Lieutenant Colonel Mason Stalker, which ultimately resulted in a stay of proceedings being directed on all charges and Stalker launching a lawsuit against the Department of National Defence and the Canadian Forces.

- by Robson Crim
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- Criminal Law, Police, National Security, Police and Policing
- by Andrea Azzarelli
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- History, Military History, Violence, Italian Studies

Este trabalho tem por objetivo analisar os discursos produzidos a partir das
ações do Capitão Wagner de Sousa, líder da greve da Polícia Militar do Ceará no ano de
2011, ocasião que o consolidou como principal representante da categoria geral
“trabalhadores da segurança pública”, agenciada pelas falas do líder. Nas reivindicações,
apelas por consideração e por reconhecimento da condição de “pessoa” e de “cidadania”
de policiais deu a tônica, além das questões de condições de trabalho e salariais.

- by Leonardo Sá and +1
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- Political Anthropology, Military and Police Affairs, Polícia Militar e política, Greves policiais
- by Niall MacGalloway
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- History, European History, Modern History, French History

The Allied landings in North Africa in November 1942 brought about the invasion of the so-called French “Free Zone” by Axis forces. While German forces occupied the majority of the zone, the Italian Royal Army occupied the area up to the river Rhône. This paper focuses on policing within the city of Nice, which had long been a target of Italian irredentists. Specifically, it will focus on the idea of sovereignty within the city, using the police as a case point. While policing duties were left to the French, the Italians intervened when they felt it was necessary. This could range from investigating resistance activity to preventing the deportation of Jews. Moreover, the presence of OVRA – the Italian secret police – in the region allowed the Italians to operate outside French legal frameworks. This paper will therefore question who really retained sovereignty within Nice and attempt to place this within Franco-Italian relations.

- by Niall MacGalloway
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- European History, Italian (European History), Police, Policing Studies

Using the National Survey of “Población Privada de la Libertad” 2016 (“Prison population 2016) we analyzed the probability that a person was tortured at the moment of his/her arrest and before his/her presentation to the authorities, taking into account the following variables: a) the police or military institution that was involved in the detention; b) the type of justice system; c) the period of presidential government. At individual level control variables were also considered (age and sex) and at situational level (type of crime and resistance during arrest). Using logit models the findings confirm a major probability of being tortured if the arrest was conducted by marines. In second place if the arrest was made by soldiers and in third place if the arrest was made by the state and the federal police forces were involved. The probability of being tortured was low when they occurred during the new justice system and in early years of the government of Peña Nieto (2013 - 2016). These findings provide evidence to discuss the militarization process of public security in Mexico.

- by Sergio Padilla Oñate and +1
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- Militarism and militarization, Public Security, Military and Police Affairs, Mexican Drug Wars

Το ζήτημα που πραγματεύεται η εργασία είναι η χρήση της τεχνολογίας των καμερών που φέρονται από αστυνομικούς κατά την εκτέλεση της υπηρεσίας τους, η οποία διαρκώς εξαπλώνεται σε ολοένα και περισσότερες αστυνομίες ανά στο κόσμο. Η παρακολούθηση και η καταγραφή της διεπαφής των αστυνομικών με τον πολίτη φημίζεται ως μέσο λογοδοσίας και ένας αποτελεσματικός τρόπος μείωσης της βίας, των διακρίσεων και της διαφθοράς.
Τα ερωτήματα που τέθηκαν στην εργασία είναι τα πλεονεκτήματα και τα μειονέκτημα που προκύπτουν καθώς και οι ευκαιρίες και οι κίνδυνοι που αντιμετωπίζουν οι αρχές επιβολής του νόμου από την υιοθέτηση αυτής της τεχνολογίας. Στην εργασία θα αναλυθεί το τι είναι οι κάμερες που φέρονται από αστυνομικούς εν ώρα υπηρεσίας (police officer body-worn cameras), το τι προσφέρουν, ποια είναι τα μειονεκτήματα και οι προβληματισμοί που εγείρουν άλλα και γιατί τελικά είναι τόσο διαδεδομένη η χρήση τους από αστυνομίες άλλων κρατών.
Η μέθοδος ερευνάς που ακολουθήθηκε είναι η ευρεία αναζήτηση σε επιστημονικά περιοδικά αστυνομικού ενδιαφέροντος αναλύοντας έρευνες και άρθρα σχετικά με το θέμα. Οι πηγές περιγράφουν την τεχνολογία και προσφέρουν σημαντική καθοδήγηση σχετικά με τα ερωτήματα που θέτονται.
Με τον έναν ή τον άλλο τρόπο οι περισσότεροι μπορεί να είναι απλά γνώστες αυτής της τεχνολογίας που χρησιμοποιείται από τις αρχές επιβολής του νόμου χωρίς να γνωρίζουν παραπάνω στοιχεία. Στην εργασία θα αναλυθεί το τι είναι οι κάμερες που φέρονται από αστυνομικούς εν ώρα υπηρεσίας (police officer body-worn cameras), το τι προσφέρουν, ποια είναι τα μειονεκτήματα και οι προβληματισμοί που εγείρουν άλλα και γιατί τελικά είναι τόσο διαδεδομένη η χρήση τους από αστυνομίες άλλων κρατών όπως των Ηνωμένων Πολιτειών ή του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου.