Wood Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Ganitri (Elaeocarpus sphaericus (Gaertn.) K. Schum.) and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) are fast-growing wood species that have low strength and durability class. One of methods for improving the characteristics of ganitri and jabon woods is impregnation. This study objectives were to analyze the effect of impregnation of Melamine Formaldehyde Furfuryl Alcohol (MFFA) copolymer and 0.5% Nano-SiO2 on the physical, mechanical and durability properties of ganitri and jabon woods. The impregnation process was carried out by applying a 0.5 bar vacuum for 1 hour and followed by 2 bar pressure for 2 hours. The results showed that impregnation with MFFA and Nano-SiO2 could improve optimally the physical and mechanical properties and durability of fast-growing woods

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- Materials Science, Nano, Wood, Durability
- by Alba Dominguez
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- Nautical Archaeology, Wood, Croatia, Studio

The dendrological and dendrochronological study of the wooden structures excavated in the Bay of Caska island of Pag (Croatia) started in 2009 after the unearthing of the remains of a first vessel assembled with the old Liburnian sewing technique (Caska 1). From this date, the discovery of the remains of three others shipwrecks, two sewn boats (Caska 3 and 4) and one vessel assembled by “mortise-and-tenon” joints (Caska 2), offered the unique circumstance to study a rich assemblage of contemporaneous wooden ship elements. Other important data obtained from the analysis of the wooden harbour structures of the Bay of Caska further enriched the assemblage. The systematic identification of the wooden species utilised in all the preserved ship’s remains, the analysis of the morphological characteristics of a large number of ship’s components, and the dendrochnological analyses crossed with AMS radiocarbon dating calibrated by wiggle matching provide a unique perspective on the use of the...

- by Alba Dominguez
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- Geography, Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Nautical Archaeology
- by Pirjo Heikkilä
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- Psychology, Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Medicine
- by Aisha Akintola
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The "wooden-steps" hypothesis [Distel DL, et al. (2000) Nature 403:725-726] proposed that large chemosynthetic mussels found at deep-sea hydrothermal vents descend from much smaller species associated with sunken wood and other organic deposits, and that the endosymbionts of these progenitors made use of hydrogen sulfide from biogenic sources (e.g., decaying wood) rather than from vent fluids. Here, we show that wood has served not only as a stepping stone between habitats but also as a bridge between heterotrophic and chemoautotrophic symbiosis for the giant mud-boring bivalve Kuphus polythalamia This rare and enigmatic species, which achieves the greatest length of any extant bivalve, is the only described member of the wood-boring bivalve family Teredinidae (shipworms) that burrows in marine sediments rather than wood. We show that K. polythalamia harbors sulfur-oxidizing chemoautotrophic (thioautotrophic) bacteria instead of the cellulolytic symbionts that allow other ...

- by Rowena Antemano
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- Symbiosis, Biology, Medicine, Multidisciplinary

The conspicuous morphogenesis during termite soldier differentiation is one of the most remarkable examples of specialized caste development in social insects. To clarify the mechanism of morphological changes during soldier differentiation, mandibular morphogenesis prior to the presoldier moult was examined in the damp-wood termite Hodotermopsis sjoestedti. Using experimental induction of presoldier differentiation from pseudergates (7th or later instar larvae) by the application of juvenile hormone analogue (JHA), we compared mandibular morphogenesis in a presoldier moult (from pseudergate to presoldier) with that of a stationary moult (from pseudergate to pseudergate). Future presoldier mandibles were formed under the old mandibular cuticle of the pseudergates just prior to the presoldier moult. Multiple folds of both epidermis and new cuticle were observed in the developing mandible, and large concavities between teeth were formed on the mandibular surface. While in the stationa...

- by Veronica Redaelli
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- Environmental Science, Physics, Materials Science, Evaporation
- by Mohamed Naceur Belgacem
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- Materials Engineering, Materials Science, Composites, Performance
- by Dominique CARDON
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- Colorimetry, Extractives, Vision, Natural Dyes

Olive wood is used in a niche economic context but is attracting growing interest. In this study, the wood anatomy of Olea europaea L. belonging to two cultivars cultivated in the Plain of Gioia Tauro in Calabria (RC) is qualitatively described. Wood samples were obtained along the diameter of wood slices to investigate any anatomical differences between the inner and outer zones of the stem. The microscopic slides were investigated using an optical microscope. The anatomical characteristics observed were compared with existing literature data. The two cultivars show parenchyma rays arranged not only in one to two rows (typical of this species), but also in three rows. Furthermore, in both cultivars, the presence of starch deposits in procumbent parenchyma cells was observed. The Ottobratica cultivar seems to have more starch than the Sinopolese one, but given the high variability of olive wood, further quantitative analysis is needed to determine whether these differences are statistically valid and due to the different cultivars. This work can contribute to a better understanding of the Olea europaea L. species and to a better technical valorisation of its wood.

- by Paul Baker
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- Biology, Ecology, Arizona, Text

Every occupation, trade or profession carries with it some peculiar hazards. These hazards are more pronounced in some occupation than in others. This study, therefore focuses on the occupational hazards associated with furniture makers in Ughelli North L.G.A. of Delta State.
The purpose was to identify the occupational hazards of furniture makers, the influence of gender and age on occupational hazards of furniture makers. The descriptive survey design was used and the entire population was 649 workers. A well structured questionnaire validated by 3
experts was the instrument used for the collection of data. The data collected were analysed using frequency count, and mean to provide answers to the research questions while ANOVA and t-test were used to test the hypotheses. The data analysed showed that the physical hazards to which furniture makers are exposed to include hearing loss and distraction, muscle cramps, loss of sensation oh fingers and increased thirst. Chemical hazards is fire accident among others. It was also discovered that gender and age had influence on occupational hazards of the workmen. In the light of these findings recommendations were made which included the need to enforce factory Act, and other regulatory bodies be involved in regulation of the occupation to protect the
interest and health of the workers.

- by Ikogho Doris Eseoghene
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- Occupational Health & Safety, Health

HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access archive for the deposit and dissemination of scientific research documents, whether they are published or not. The documents may come from teaching and research institutions in France or abroad, or from public or private research centers. L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires publics ou privés.

- by Olivier Arnould
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- Materials Science, Atomic Force Microscopy
- by Chlodwig Franz
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- Animal Science, Biology, Diet, Lactation

Silicification is the most important process of fossilization resulting in the preservation of internal tissues in plants, thereby providing essential information on the anatomy, life history, and evolution of land plants. However, fundamental knowledge of silica uptake, precipitation, and contribution to in situ plant fossilization is limited. To identify the cellular pathway of aqueous silica and subsequent fluid–wood interaction processes, we investigated upright standing young trees of lodgepole pine (Pinus contorta) in the hot‐spring environment of Cistern Spring, Yellowstone National Park, USA. Our multi‐method analytical approach using x‐ray diffraction, Raman spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and electron probe microanalyses shows that the surficial and internally co‐precipitated silica–halite–gypsum assemblage traces the flow of silica‐rich fluid and documents fluid retention after short‐term hot‐spring water immersion and evaporation. Element distribution maps re...

- by Carole Gee
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- Evolutionary Biology, Geology, Ecology, Nanoparticles
- by Sid-ahmed Rezzoug
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- Chemistry, Liquefaction, Experimental Design, Catalyst
- by DEBENDRA CHANDRA BARUAH
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- Business, Mechanical Engineering, Energy, Developing Countries
- by Agnieszka Jankowska
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- Environmental Science, Scots Pine
- by Seid Hajdarevic
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- Materials Science, Methodology, Finite Element Analysis, Wood
- by Zoe Henderson
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- Geography, Archaeology, Geology, Geochemistry
- by James dahlgren
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- Environmental Science, Chemistry, Environmental Chemistry, Risk assessment

Before the Second World War, a large underground fortress was built around Goli vrh. Some wood remains in the fort from the time of construction, and some wooden objects have been exhibited in the fort. Several years after the opening of the fort, large scale decomposition was observed on the wood. A sensor for monitoring the relative air humidity and temperature was installed. In addition, a few samples of wood were isolated and examined by X-ray fluorescence spectroscopy and laser confocal linear microscopy. The analysis confirmed the high humidity of the wood and the presence of wood decay fungi on all wood objects, with the exception of wooden ammunition boxes.

- by Andreja Žagar
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- Environmental Science, Wood, Decay, Relative Humidity

This work aims to evaluate the production of second-generation ethanol from sugarcane bagasse hydrolysate without acetic acid (inhibitor) detoxification. Three isolated yeast strains from lignocellulosic materials were evaluated, and one strain (UFFS-CE-3.1.2), identified using large subunit rDNA sequences as Wickerhamomyces sp., showed satisfactory results in terms of ethanol production without acetic acid removal. A Plackett-Burman design was used to evaluate the influence of hydrolysate composition and nutrients supplementation in the fermentation medium for the second-generation ethanol production. Two fermentation kinetics were performed, with controlled pH at 5.5, or keeping the initial pH at 4.88. The fermentation conducted without pH adjustment and supplementation of nutrients reported the best result in terms of second-generation ethanol production. Wickerhamomyces sp., isolated as UFFS-CE-3.1.2, was considered promising in the production of second-generation ethanol by usi...

- by diego siqueira
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- Chemistry, Food Science, Medicine, Multidisciplinary

Our earlier report showed that diet rich in calcium and sodium fed to guinea pigs can be urolithogenic. In this study, we investigated the effect of adding 3% or 15% cellulose as a source of fiber into similar diet to asses the formation of kidney calculus. From the result, animals fed diet with 3% cellulose showed a relatively high concentration of urinary oxalate, urate and large number of crystals in the kidneys. When the cellulose level was raised to 15%, the concentrations of urinary calcium, urate and the number of crystals formed in the kidneys were lowered. We therefore, conclude that high fiber diet may be beneficial in reducing the incidence of kidney stones of calcium origin.

- by Syed Shamsudin
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- Chemistry, Food Science, Calcium, Medicine

This paper presents numerical analysis of stress and strain conditions of a three-dimensional furniture skeleton construction and its joints. The finite volume method is used in the calculation. Orthotropy of the wood material is... more

- by Seid Hajdarevic
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- Engineering, Structural Engineering, Stress, Numerical Analysis
- by AMBOUTA Karimou Jean-Marie
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- Horticulture, Biology, Niger, Cutting

Les sites fossoyes et palissades constituent certainement l’une des manifestations architecturales les plus remarquables des populations du Neolithique moyen. L’occupation chasseenne de Château-Percin a Seilh (Haute- Garonne), ceinturee par deux systemes d’enceintes successifs, a livre plusieurs milliers de vestiges d’un rempart massif elabore en bois et en terre crue. Un violent incendie est a l’origine a la fois de la destruction et de la preservation partielle de ce temoin exceptionnel qui permet d’apprehender l’architecture et les techniques de mise en oeuvre de ces ouvrages au caractere monumental souvent suppose mais rarement observe.

- by Laurent Bruxelles
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- Art, Architecture, Wood, Chasséen
- by Ursula Baumer
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- Ancient History, Art, Egypt, Medicine
- by Ursula Baumer
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- Ancient History, Art, Egypt, Medicine
- by Joris Van Acker
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- Biology, Nutrient
- by Joris Van Acker
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- Geography, Democracy, Biosphere

Wood density, or more precisely, wood specific gravity, is an important parameter when estimating aboveground biomass, which has become a central tool for the management and conservation of forests around the world. When using biomass allometric equations for tropical forests, researchers are often required to assume phylogenetic trait conservatism, which allows us to assign genus‐ and family‐level wood specific gravity mean values, to many woody species. The lack of information on this trait for many Neotropical plant species has led to an imprecise estimation of the biomass stored in Neotropical forests. The data presented here has information of woody tissue specific gravity from 2,602 individual stems for 386 species, including trees, lianas, and hemi‐epiphytes of lowland tropical forests in Colombia. This data set was produced by us collecting wood cores from woody species in five localities in the Orinoco and Magdalena Basins in Colombia. We found lower mean specific gravity v...

- by Pablo Stevenson
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- Biomass, Biology, Ecology, Medicine
- by Robert Henry
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- Population Genetics, Principal Component Analysis, Biology, Medicine

Anales del Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Serie Botánica 72 (2): 171-185. 2001 Comparación de la gravedad específica y características anatómicas de la madera de dos comunidades vegetales en México SILVIA... more

- by SILVIA AGUILAR RODRIGUEZ
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- Physics, Humanities, Wood, Specific Gravity
- by Jacek Kominek
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- Evolutionary Biology, Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biology

Three novel D-xylose-fermenting yeast species of Spathaspora clade were recovered from rotting wood in regions of the Atlantic Rainforest ecosystem in Brazil. Differentiation of new species was based on analyses of the gene encoding the D1/D2 sequences of large subunit of rRNA and on 642 conserved, single-copy, orthologous genes from genome sequence assemblies from the newly described species and 15 closely-related Debaryomycetaceae/Metschnikowiaceae species. Spathaspora girioi sp. nov. produced unconjugated asci with a single elongated ascospore with curved ends; ascospore formation was not observed for the other two species. The three novel species ferment D-xylose with different efficiencies. Spathaspora hagerdaliae sp. nov. and Sp. girioi sp. nov. showed xylose reductase (XR) activity strictly dependent on NADPH, whereas Sp. gorwiae sp. nov. had XR activity that used both NADH and NADPH as co-factors. The genes that encode enzymes involved in D-xylose metabolism (XR, xylitol deh...

- by Jacek Kominek
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- Engineering, Technology, Genomics, Biology

This report describes the natural figures of wood samples collected from the main trunks of Khaya ivorensis A. Chev. and Millettia laurentii De Wild. trees. The figures have been analyzed in relation to such cambial growth events as the... more

- by Mirela Tulik
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- by Michael Syme
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- Engineering, Materials Engineering, Civil Engineering, Design
- by Jose Claudio Pires
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- Humanities, Political Science
- by Fouad Elakhal
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- Chemistry, Plant Biology, Biology, Essential Oil
- by Joerg Arnscheidt
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- Chemistry, Wastewater Treatment, Cellulosic Ethanol, Adsorption
- by Luis Simoes
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- Mathematics, Flex

The goal of this exercise is to expose undergraduate engineering students to the effect of their computational modeling decisions on the predicted dynamic behavior of structural systems. This work is part of an ongoing effort to create a series of full-scale, low-cost experimental exercises aimed at improving student learning of Mechanical Vibrations. This particular exercise focuses on the common assumption that building floor and roof diaphragms are rigid. An assessment of the building diaphragm rigidity was performed by the students using Forced Vibration Testing of a campus building. In this experiment, the students determined the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the buildings. In current building codes, diaphragms with aspect ratios less than three are permitted to be idealized as rigid. The case study building fell within this boundary. However, the students determined that the building’s diaphragm exhibited semi-flexible behavior. The students also created simple hand c...

- by Cole McDaniel
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- Computer Science, Structural Engineering, Vibration, Roof
- by Jhuma Sadhukhan
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- Engineering, Environmental Science, Biomass, Waste Management

El estudio se realizó en Ocuilapa de Juárez, como iniciativa de un grupo de ejidatarios zoques, miembros de la Sociedad Cooperativa de Transporte Ejidal Benito Juárez de R.L., con la finalidad de gestionar un proyecto para la producción de leña, que permita cubrir la demanda local y municipal. Para ello, acordaron establecer plantaciones forestales dendroenergéticas, dentro de un plan de manejo que permita su aprovechamiento a corto plazo. El proyecto fue diseñado en tres etapas: Etapa I (diagnóstico), II (implementación) y III (evaluación). Los resultados que aquí se presentan constituyen solamente la primera etapa. La obtención de los datos cualitativos y cuantitativos para la caracterización de los procesos de producción, demanda y abastecimiento de leña a nivel local se realizó mediante diversas herramientas participativas convencionales. Los sistemas que aportan más frecuentemente al acopio de la leña fueron el cafetal (76%); el acahual y bosque primario (55%); y el potrero (40...

- by Maria Guadalupe Pastor Ocampo
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- Sociology, Humanities, Sustainable forestry management, Wood
- by Nihal Arıoğlu
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- Materials Science, Weathering, Wood, Relative Humidity