Barrel vault (original) (raw)
العقادة (السقف المعقود) ويسمى كذلك الأزج وجمعه آزاج، وفيه تستخدم أفقية من الخشب أو الحديد وترص بينها قطع الطابوق بشكل أسطواني خفيف بحيث أن قطع الطابوق تسند إحداها الأخرى وتنقل الأحمال إلى الدعامات ومنها إلى الجدران أو الأعمدة. فائدة هذا النوع يأتي من مرونته حيث يمكن استخدامه لمختلف أشكال الغرف كما أنه أقل سمكا من الأنواع الأخرى فيمكن بناء غرف في الطابق العلوي فوقه.
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| dbo:abstract | العقادة (السقف المعقود) ويسمى كذلك الأزج وجمعه آزاج، وفيه تستخدم أفقية من الخشب أو الحديد وترص بينها قطع الطابوق بشكل أسطواني خفيف بحيث أن قطع الطابوق تسند إحداها الأخرى وتنقل الأحمال إلى الدعامات ومنها إلى الجدران أو الأعمدة. فائدة هذا النوع يأتي من مرونته حيث يمكن استخدامه لمختلف أشكال الغرف كما أنه أقل سمكا من الأنواع الأخرى فيمكن بناء غرف في الطابق العلوي فوقه. (ar) La volta de canó és un tipus de volta generada pel desplaçament d'un arc de mig punt al llarg d'un eix longitudinal. S'empra per a cobrir espais longitudinals, com les naus de les esglésies o els seus transseptes. Va ser molt utilitzada en l'arquitectura romana i després en la preromànica i romànica. El seu nom prové del fet que la seva forma bàsica és un cilindre (canó) partit per la meitat. (ca) Valená klenba je klenba ve tvaru půlválce nebo válcové výseče, která překlenuje prostor mezi dvěma stěnami, na něž přenáší značné boční síly. (cs) A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side (i.e., one after another). It is a form of barrel roof. As with all arch-based constructions, there is an outward thrust generated against the walls underneath a barrel vault. There are several mechanisms for absorbing this thrust. One is to make the walls exceedingly thick and strong – this is a primitive and sometimes unacceptable method. A more elegant method is to build two or more vaults parallel to each other; the forces of their outward thrusts will thus negate each other. This method was most often used in construction of churches, where several vaulted naves ran parallel down the length of the building. However, the outer walls of the outermost vault would still have to be quite strong or reinforced by buttressing. The third and most elegant mechanism to resist the lateral thrust was to create an intersection of two barrel vaults at right angles, thus forming a groin vault. Barrel vaults are known from the Ancient Iran (Elam), Indian Indus Valley civilization and Ancient Egypt, and were used extensively in Roman architecture. They were also used to replace the Cloaca Maxima with a system of underground sewers. Other early barrel vault designs occur in northern Europe, Turkey, Morocco, and other regions. In medieval Europe, the barrel vault was an important element of stone construction in monasteries, castles, tower houses and other structures. This form of design is observed in cellars, crypts, long hallways, cloisters and even great halls. (en) Barelvolbo aŭ cilindrovolbo estas volbo kun du egale longaj abutmentoj. (eo) Als Tonnengewölbe bezeichnet man ein Gewölbe mit zwei gleich langen parallelen Widerlagern. (de) Kanoi ganga, baita ere Upel bobeda eta Zirkulu erdiko ganga, eliza erromanikoetan ohikoa zen elementu arkitektonikoa da. Erdi puntuko arkuen lerrokatzeaz sortzen zen. Batez ere espazio luzeak estaltzeko erabili izan da, hala nola elizetako nabeak. Erromatar arkitekturan eta erromanikoan erruz erabili da. (eu) La bóveda de cañón es un elemento arquitectónico frecuente en iglesias románicas, aunque ya lo utilizaban los egipcios, los mesopotámicos y los romanos. Este tipo de bóveda suele estar formada por una alineación de arcos de medio punto. (es) La voûte en berceau est une voûte qui présente la face de son arc (ou intrados) faite d'une courbure constante ; elle est également définie comme une voûte dont la surface est un cylindre continu. Son origine est l'arc en plein cintre. Elle est la plus simple et la plus fréquente des voûtes. Les pierres taillées dont elle est formée s'appellent des voussoirs. (fr) Kubah barel, yang juga disebut kubah terowongan atau kubah gerobak, adalah sebuah unsur arsitektural yang dibentuk oleh ekstrusi kurva tunggal (atau sepasang kurva, dalam kasus kubah barel berpucuk) bersama dengan jarak yang diberikan. Kurva biasanya berbentuk melingkar, menampilkan penampilan semi-silindrik pada total desain. (in) 원통형 궁륭(barrel vault)은 홍예가 연속됨으로써 만들어지는 가장 기본적인 궁륭이다. (ko) La volta a botte è una semi circonferenza ed è tra i sistemi più semplici di copertura non piana, utilizzata per coprire spazi di forma genericamente rettangolare. Due volte a botte formano la volta a crociera. (it) Sklepienie kolebkowe (beczkowe) – sklepienie to jest elementem architektonicznym utworzonym przez pojedynczą krzywiznę (lub parę krzywych w przypadku sklepienia kolebkowego ostrołukowego) na określoną odległość. Krzywe mają zazwyczaj okrągły kształt, co nadaje całości półcylindryczny wygląd w kształcie połowy leżącego walca przeciętego wzdłuż płaszczyzny poziomej. Sklepienie kolebkowe jest najprostszą formą sklepienia. Praktycznie właściwie jest to szereg łuków umieszczonych obok siebie (tj. jeden po drugim). Wykonywane z ciosów kamiennych w kształcie klińca przewiązanych z zasadą mijania spoin. Kolebka sklepienia oparta jest na ścianach podłużnych (ustawionych wzdłuż osi sklepienia). Ściany przejmują obciążenie pionowe i poziome (ciężar i rozpór). (pl) Een tongewelf is een type gewelf dat vooral voorkwam in de Romaanse bouwkunst. (nl) Abóbada de berço, também referida como abóbada de canudo, abóbada cilíndrica ou abóbada de canhão, é um tipo de abóbada construída como um contínuo arco de volta perfeita. É um elemento arquitetónico característico da arquitetura romana, retomado posteriormente pela arquitetura do Renascimento.A abóbada de berço apresentava duas desvantagens: o excesso de teto de alvenaria, que podia provocar sérios desabamentos, e a reduzida luminosidade interna resultante das janelas estreitas.A abertura de grandes vãos era impraticável, por enfraquecer as paredes e aumentar o risco de desabamentos (pt) Ett tunnvalv är ett valv med formen av en halv cylinder. Tunnvalv kan även ha ellipsformade . (sv) Цилиндрический свод (полуциркульный) — свод с полуокружностью в сечении, одинаковом на всём протяжении. Простейший и самый распространённый свод, опирается на параллельно расположенные опоры, в поперечном сечении образует полукруг. Как все архитектурные сооружения на основе арки, цилиндрический свод создаёт особое распределение нагрузки на стены под собой. Существует несколько механизмов поглощения этой нагрузки. Один из самых простых — создание прочных толстых стен, это примитивный, а зачастую недопустимый способ. Другой, более элегантный способ — это построение двух или более параллельных циркульных сводов, чтобы нагрузки от каждого из них взаимно исключали друг друга. Такой метод чаще всего применялся в храмовой архитектуре, где несколько сводчатых нефов проходили параллельно по всей длине здания. Однако внешние стены крайних сводов всё равно должны были быть достаточно прочными или подкрепляться контрфорсом. Третий, наиболее элегантный, способ распределения боковой тяги — пересечение двух циркульных сводов под прямым углом, что создаст конструкцию крестового свода. Цилиндрические своды известны со времён Месопотамии и Египта и часто использовались в античной архитектуре. Они также использовались для замены Большой Клоаки системой подземной канализации. Другие ранние постройки с цилиндрическими сводами встречаются в Северной Европе, Турции, Марокко и других регионах. В Центральной Европе цилиндрический свод являлся неотъемлемым архитектурным элементом таких каменных сооружений, как монастыри, замки, башенные дома. Этот тип перекрытия чаще всего встречается в подвалах, склепах, длинных коридорах, монастырях и больших залах. (ru) Циліндричне склепіння (напівциркульне) — склепіння з півколом у перерізі, однаковим на всій довжині. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | العقادة (السقف المعقود) ويسمى كذلك الأزج وجمعه آزاج، وفيه تستخدم أفقية من الخشب أو الحديد وترص بينها قطع الطابوق بشكل أسطواني خفيف بحيث أن قطع الطابوق تسند إحداها الأخرى وتنقل الأحمال إلى الدعامات ومنها إلى الجدران أو الأعمدة. فائدة هذا النوع يأتي من مرونته حيث يمكن استخدامه لمختلف أشكال الغرف كما أنه أقل سمكا من الأنواع الأخرى فيمكن بناء غرف في الطابق العلوي فوقه. (ar) La volta de canó és un tipus de volta generada pel desplaçament d'un arc de mig punt al llarg d'un eix longitudinal. S'empra per a cobrir espais longitudinals, com les naus de les esglésies o els seus transseptes. Va ser molt utilitzada en l'arquitectura romana i després en la preromànica i romànica. El seu nom prové del fet que la seva forma bàsica és un cilindre (canó) partit per la meitat. (ca) Valená klenba je klenba ve tvaru půlválce nebo válcové výseče, která překlenuje prostor mezi dvěma stěnami, na něž přenáší značné boční síly. (cs) Barelvolbo aŭ cilindrovolbo estas volbo kun du egale longaj abutmentoj. (eo) Als Tonnengewölbe bezeichnet man ein Gewölbe mit zwei gleich langen parallelen Widerlagern. (de) Kanoi ganga, baita ere Upel bobeda eta Zirkulu erdiko ganga, eliza erromanikoetan ohikoa zen elementu arkitektonikoa da. Erdi puntuko arkuen lerrokatzeaz sortzen zen. Batez ere espazio luzeak estaltzeko erabili izan da, hala nola elizetako nabeak. Erromatar arkitekturan eta erromanikoan erruz erabili da. (eu) La bóveda de cañón es un elemento arquitectónico frecuente en iglesias románicas, aunque ya lo utilizaban los egipcios, los mesopotámicos y los romanos. Este tipo de bóveda suele estar formada por una alineación de arcos de medio punto. (es) La voûte en berceau est une voûte qui présente la face de son arc (ou intrados) faite d'une courbure constante ; elle est également définie comme une voûte dont la surface est un cylindre continu. Son origine est l'arc en plein cintre. Elle est la plus simple et la plus fréquente des voûtes. Les pierres taillées dont elle est formée s'appellent des voussoirs. (fr) Kubah barel, yang juga disebut kubah terowongan atau kubah gerobak, adalah sebuah unsur arsitektural yang dibentuk oleh ekstrusi kurva tunggal (atau sepasang kurva, dalam kasus kubah barel berpucuk) bersama dengan jarak yang diberikan. Kurva biasanya berbentuk melingkar, menampilkan penampilan semi-silindrik pada total desain. (in) 원통형 궁륭(barrel vault)은 홍예가 연속됨으로써 만들어지는 가장 기본적인 궁륭이다. (ko) La volta a botte è una semi circonferenza ed è tra i sistemi più semplici di copertura non piana, utilizzata per coprire spazi di forma genericamente rettangolare. Due volte a botte formano la volta a crociera. (it) Sklepienie kolebkowe (beczkowe) – sklepienie to jest elementem architektonicznym utworzonym przez pojedynczą krzywiznę (lub parę krzywych w przypadku sklepienia kolebkowego ostrołukowego) na określoną odległość. Krzywe mają zazwyczaj okrągły kształt, co nadaje całości półcylindryczny wygląd w kształcie połowy leżącego walca przeciętego wzdłuż płaszczyzny poziomej. Sklepienie kolebkowe jest najprostszą formą sklepienia. Praktycznie właściwie jest to szereg łuków umieszczonych obok siebie (tj. jeden po drugim). Wykonywane z ciosów kamiennych w kształcie klińca przewiązanych z zasadą mijania spoin. Kolebka sklepienia oparta jest na ścianach podłużnych (ustawionych wzdłuż osi sklepienia). Ściany przejmują obciążenie pionowe i poziome (ciężar i rozpór). (pl) Een tongewelf is een type gewelf dat vooral voorkwam in de Romaanse bouwkunst. (nl) Abóbada de berço, também referida como abóbada de canudo, abóbada cilíndrica ou abóbada de canhão, é um tipo de abóbada construída como um contínuo arco de volta perfeita. É um elemento arquitetónico característico da arquitetura romana, retomado posteriormente pela arquitetura do Renascimento.A abóbada de berço apresentava duas desvantagens: o excesso de teto de alvenaria, que podia provocar sérios desabamentos, e a reduzida luminosidade interna resultante das janelas estreitas.A abertura de grandes vãos era impraticável, por enfraquecer as paredes e aumentar o risco de desabamentos (pt) Ett tunnvalv är ett valv med formen av en halv cylinder. Tunnvalv kan även ha ellipsformade . (sv) Циліндричне склепіння (напівциркульне) — склепіння з півколом у перерізі, однаковим на всій довжині. (uk) A barrel vault, also known as a tunnel vault, wagon vault or wagonhead vault, is an architectural element formed by the extrusion of a single curve (or pair of curves, in the case of a pointed barrel vault) along a given distance. The curves are typically circular in shape, lending a semi-cylindrical appearance to the total design. The barrel vault is the simplest form of a vault: effectively a series of arches placed side by side (i.e., one after another). It is a form of barrel roof. (en) Цилиндрический свод (полуциркульный) — свод с полуокружностью в сечении, одинаковом на всём протяжении. Простейший и самый распространённый свод, опирается на параллельно расположенные опоры, в поперечном сечении образует полукруг. (ru) |
| rdfs:label | عقادة (ar) Volta de canó (ca) Valená klenba (cs) Tonnengewölbe (de) Barelvolbo (eo) Barrel vault (en) Bóveda de cañón (es) Kanoi ganga (eu) Voûte en berceau (fr) Kubah barel (in) Volta a botte (it) 원통형 궁륭 (ko) Sklepienie kolebkowe (pl) Tongewelf (nl) Abóbada de berço (pt) Tunnvalv (sv) Цилиндрический свод (ru) Циліндричне склепіння (uk) |
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