Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (original) (raw)

هنري الرابع (ألماني: هاينريش الرابع؛ 11 من نوفمبر 1050م – 7 من أغسطس 1106م) كان ملك الرومان (يُشار إليه أيضًا باسم ملك الألمان) من عام 1056م والإمبراطور الروماني المقدس من عام 1084م حتى تم إجباره على التنازل في عام 1105م. كما كان الإمبراطور الثالث لسلالة ساليان (سلالة العصور الوسطى العليا من أربعة ملوك ألمان) وواحدًا من أقوى الشخصيات وأهمها في القرن الحادي عشر. وقد تميّزت فترة حكمه بوجود نزاع في التنصيب مع الباباوية، إلى جانب والعديد من الحروب الأهلية مع المطالبين بالحصول على عرشه في إيطاليا وألمانيا.

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dbo:abstract	Enric IV (alemany: Heinrich IV; 11 de novembre del 1050 - 7 d'agost del 1106) fou sacre emperador romanogermànic entre el 1084 i el 1105, rei d'Alemanya entre el 1054 i el 1105, rei d'Itàlia i de entre el 1056 i el 1105 i duc de Bavària entre el 1052 i el 1054. Era fill d'Enric III del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic (segon emperador de la dinastia sàlica) i Agnès de Poitiers. A la mort del seu pare el 5 d'octubre del 1056, Enric li succeí sota la tutela de la seva mare, que feu concessions als aristòcrates d'Alemanya per obtenir el seu suport. La incapacitat d'Agnès de controlar les eleccions papals, a diferència del seu difunt marit, enfortí el concepte de la libertas ecclesiae durant la seva regència. L'arquebisbe tragué partit de la debilitat de la reina mare per segrestar Enric l'abril del 1062 i governà Alemanya fins que el jove assolí la majoria d'edat el 1065. El 31 de març de 1084 a Roma fou coronat emperador per l'antipapa Climent III. El 1105 el seu fill petit, Enric V el va forçar a abdicar amb el suport del papa Pasqual II. Enric IV fou el tercer emperador de la dinastia sàlica, sorgida dels francs salis de Francònia. Fou un dels sobirans més controvertits de l'edat mitjana, però també un dels més fascinants per les vicissituds a les quals es va enfrontar en un regnat de més de 50 anys, el més llarg de l'alta edat mitjana. L'oposició al papa Gregori VII i la humiliació de Canossa constitueixen un dels punts àlgids de la Querella de les Investidures. (ca) هنري الرابع (ألماني: هاينريش الرابع؛ 11 من نوفمبر 1050م – 7 من أغسطس 1106م) كان ملك الرومان (يُشار إليه أيضًا باسم ملك الألمان) من عام 1056م والإمبراطور الروماني المقدس من عام 1084م حتى تم إجباره على التنازل في عام 1105م. كما كان الإمبراطور الثالث لسلالة ساليان (سلالة العصور الوسطى العليا من أربعة ملوك ألمان) وواحدًا من أقوى الشخصيات وأهمها في القرن الحادي عشر. وقد تميّزت فترة حكمه بوجود نزاع في التنصيب مع الباباوية، إلى جانب والعديد من الحروب الأهلية مع المطالبين بالحصول على عرشه في إيطاليا وألمانيا. (ar) Jindřich IV. (11. listopadu 1050 – 7. srpna 1106, Lutych) byl římským králem (1056–1106) a od roku 1084 císařem Svaté říše římské. (cs) Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας (γερμανικά: Heinrich IV, 11 Νοεμβρίου 1050 - 7 Αυγούστου 1106) ήταν Αυτοκράτορας της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας (1084 - 1105), Βασιλιάς της Γερμανίας (1053 - 1087), Βασιλιάς της Ιταλίας (1056 - 1093), Βασιλιάς της Αρλ (1056 - 1105) και Δούκας της Βαυαρίας (1052 - 1054). Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ ήταν γιος του αυτοκράτορα Ερρίκου Γ΄ μέλους του Οίκου των Σαλίων και της Αγνής του Πουατιέ.Όταν πέθανε ο πατέρας του (5 Οκτωβρίου 1056) ο μικρός Ερρίκος τέθηκε υπό την κηδεμονία της μητέρας του, η Αγνή έκανε μεγάλες δωρεές στους Γερμανούς αριστοκράτες για να τη στηρίξουν. Σε αντίθεση με τον σύζυγο της δεν μπορούσε να ελέγξει την παπική εκλογή, στην αντιβασιλεία η ιδέα "απελευθέρωσης της εκκλησίας" ενισχύθηκε έντονα. Ο αρχιεπίσκοπος Άννο Β΄ της Κολωνίας απήγαγε τον Απρίλιο του 1062 τον μικρό Ερρίκο και κυβέρνησε τη Γερμανία μέχρι την ενηλικίωση του (1065). Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ αποφάσισε να ανακτήσει τα εδάφη που έχασε όταν ήταν ανήλικος, έδωσε αξιώματα σε χαμηλόβαθμους υπαλλήλους και έφερε μεγάλη δυσαρέσκεια στη Σαξονία και τη Θουριγγία. Συνέτριψε μία εξέγερση στη Σαξονία (1069) και την επανάσταση του Όθων του Νόρτχαϊμ (1071). Ο διορισμός κοινών σε ψηλά αξιώματα ενόχλησε τους αριστοκράτες που έφυγαν από την αυλή του. Διόρισε ο ίδιος επισκόπους και Αββάδες, οι κληρικοί καταδίκασαν την πρακτική αυτή σαν Σιμωνία, απαγορευμένη από την εκκλησία. Ο Πάπας Αλέξανδρος Β΄ κατηγόρησε τους συμβούλους του Ερρίκου για τις πράξεις τους και τους αφόρισε (1073). Οι συγκρούσεις του Ερρίκου με την Αγία Έδρα και τους δούκες τον εξασθένησαν σημαντικά, οι Σάξονες επαναστάτησαν ξανά το καλοκαίρι του 1074. Ο Ερρίκος εκμεταλλεύτηκε τον εμφύλιο ανάμεσα στους Σάξονες αριστοκράτες και τους χωρικούς, τον Οκτώβριο του 1075 τους υπέταξε. Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ ενδιαφέρθηκε έντονα για την Ιταλία, ο Πάπας Γρηγόριος Ζ΄ ανησύχησε και τον απείλησε να τον αφορίσει για τη Σιμωνία, ο αυτοκράτορας πέτυχε ωστόσο να πείσει τους επισκόπους να κηρύξουν την παπική εκλογή άκυρη (24 Ιανουαρίου 1076). Ο πάπας τον αφόρισε, ο Ερρίκος για να προστατευτεί από τους Σάξονες ευγενείς που ήθελαν να τον δικάσουν πήγε στην Ιταλία. Ο "Δρόμος στην Κανόσα" ήταν επιτυχής, ο Γρηγόριος Ζ΄ τον απήλλαξε τελικά τον Ιανουάριο του 1077. Οι αντίπαλοι ευγενείς στη Γερμανία αγνόησαν την παπική απαλλαγή, εξελέγη νέος διεκδικητής βασιλιάς ο Ροδόλφος του Ράινφελντεν (14 Μαρτίου 1077). Ο πάπας στάθηκε ουδέτερος στη σύγκρουση ανάμεσα στους δύο βασιλείς, ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ συνέχισε να διορίζει τους υψηλόβαθμους κληρικούς με αποτέλεσμα να τον αφορίσει ο πάπας ξανά (7 Μαρτίου 1080). Οι Γερμανοί επίσκοποι έμειναν πιστοί στον Ερρίκο Δ΄ εκλέγοντας νέο αντίπαπα τον Κλήμη Γ΄. Ο Ροδόλφος του Ράινφελντεν τραυματίστηκε θανάσιμα σε μάχη, ο διάδοχος του Χέρμαν του Ζαλμ διατήρησε μόνο τη Σαξονία. Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ ξεκίνησε μια σειρά από στρατιωτικές εκστρατείες στην Ιταλία (1081), ο Κλήμης Γ΄ τον έστεψε αυτοκράτορα στη Ρώμη (1 Απριλίου 1084). Ο Χέρμαν του Ζαλμ πέθανε και η Σαξονία πέρασε στα χέρια του Ερρίκου με την υποστήριξη της αριστοκρατίας (1088), προχώρησε σε εκστρατεία στη Ματθίλδη της Κανόσα που ήταν σύμμαχος του πάπα (1089). Η Ματθίλδη έπεισε τον μεγαλύτερο γιο της Κορράδο να επιτεθεί στον Ερρίκο (1093), ο σύμμαχος της Γουέλφος Α΄ της Βαυαρίας εμπόδισε τον Ερρίκο να επιστρέψει στη Γερμανία μέχρι την εποχή που συμφιλιώθηκε μαζί του (1096). Μετά τον θάνατο του Κλήμη Γ΄ ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ δεν υποστήριξε νέους αντίπαπες αλλά ούτε έκλεισε ειρήνη με τον νέο πάπα Πασχάλη Β΄ που τον αφόρισε ξανά. Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ ανακήρυξε αυτοκρατορική ειρήνη που κάλυπτε ολόκληρη τη Γερμανία (1130), ο μικρότερος γιος του Ερρίκος Ε΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας τον ανάγκασε να παραιτηθεί με τη βία (31 Δεκεμβρίου 1105). Οι προσπάθειες του να επιστρέψει στον θρόνο με τη βοήθεια αριστοκρατίας από τη Λοθαριγγία απέτυχαν, ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ πέθανε από ασθένεια χωρίς να αρθεί ο αφορισμός του από τον πάπα. (el) Heinrich IV. (* 11. November 1050 vermutlich in Goslar; † 7. August 1106 in Lüttich) aus der Familie der Salier war der älteste Sohn des Kaisers Heinrich III. und der Kaiserin Agnes. Ab 1053 war er Mitkönig, ab 1056 römisch-deutscher König und von 1084 bis zu seiner durch seinen Sohn Heinrich V. erzwungenen Abdankung am 31. Dezember 1105 Kaiser. Heinrich war der letzte König des römisch-deutschen Mittelalters, der als Minderjähriger auf den Thron kam. Die Legitimation seiner Herrschaft sah er, wie sein Vater, vor allem im Gottesgnadentum begründet. Dies erschwerte die Zusammenarbeit mit den Großen des Reichs. Bereits in den letzten Regierungsjahren Heinrichs III. hatten Konflikte um die Teilhabe der Fürsten an der Herrschaft zu einer Krise geführt. Die Zeit der Unmündigkeit Heinrichs, als seine Mutter die Regierungsgeschäfte führte, nutzten die um Macht und Einfluss rivalisierenden Fürsten, um ihre eigenen Herrschaftsbereiche auszubauen. Als Heinrich volljährig geworden war, versuchte er den Einfluss der Fürsten zurückzudrängen und die königlichen Herrschaftsrechte zu stärken. Er stützte sich dabei auch auf die Reichsministerialität, die sich zu einer neuen Funktionselite entwickelte. In Sachsen wollte Heinrich durch den Bau zahlreicher Burgen der königlichen Autorität wieder Geltung verschaffen und löste dadurch den Sachsenkrieg aus. Zeitlich parallel begannen die Auseinandersetzungen mit dem aufstrebenden Reformpapsttum um das Verhältnis zwischen geistlicher (sacerdotium) und weltlicher (regnum) Macht. Sie kulminierten im sogenannten Investiturstreit und führten 1076 zu Absetzung und Exkommunikation des Saliers durch Papst Gregor VII. Der Gang nach Canossa 1077, wo sich der König unterwarf und vom Bann gelöst wurde, gilt als Höhepunkt der Auseinandersetzung mit dem Papsttum. Als Reaktion auf die zunehmende Unzufriedenheit der Großen mit der Herrschaft Heinrichs wurden auf Fürstentagen die Gegenkönige Rudolf von Rheinfelden (1077–1080) und Hermann von Salm (1081–1088) gewählt. Die krisenhaften Wandlungsprozesse in der Zeit Heinrichs IV. schmälerten vor allem die ideellen Grundlagen der Königsherrschaft. Die Vorstellung von einem durch dynastische Kontinuität legitimierten Königtum trat zurück. Das Prinzip der fürstlichen Teilhabe an der Herrschaft im Reich, das durch die Königswahl begründet wurde, und der Idoneitätsgedanke, die Frage nach der Eignung eines Kandidaten, gewannen an Bedeutung. Heinrichs Versuch, die salische Königsgrablege Speyer als Inbegriff des Zusammenhangs von Herrschaftsanspruch und Königsdynastie zu präsentieren, änderte daran letztlich nichts. Die Auseinandersetzung mit dem Reformpapsttum zeigte, dass der König nicht allein Gott verantwortlich war, sondern durchaus bereits auf Erden gerichtet, ja sogar abgesetzt werden konnte. Nur wenige Herrscher des Mittelalters wurden von den Zeitgenossen so unterschiedlich beurteilt. Den Anhängern des salischen Königtums galt Heinrich IV. als Repräsentant des allein von Gott verliehenen Herrscheramtes, seinen Gegnern dagegen als Tyrann und als Verkörperung des Bösen schlechthin. In der Forschung wurde er seit dem 19. Jahrhundert oft als Märtyrer im Kampf des Königtums um eine starke Zentralgewalt gegen die übermächtigen Kräfte der gregorianischen Papstkirche und der deutschen Fürsten dargestellt. Die jüngere Forschung urteilt differenzierter, ohne jedoch einen Konsens gefunden zu haben. Die zahlreichen negativen Urteile der Zeitgenossen über Lebens- und Amtsführung des Königs werden unterschiedlich interpretiert, gelten jedoch grundsätzlich als Indikatoren für das in seiner Zeit herrschende politische Klima, das von Auseinandersetzungen geprägt war, die auf grundsätzliche Konfliktlinien zurückgingen. (de) Henriko la 4-a (1050 - 1106) estis imperiestro de la Sankta Romia Imperio, la tria el la Salia dinastio. Henriko estis la plejaĝa filo de la imperiestro Henriko la 3-a kaj de lia dua edzino Agneta de Poitou. (eo) Henrike IV.a (Goslar, 1050eko azaroak 11-Liege, 1106ko abuztuak 7), germaniar errege izan zen 1056tik, Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santuko enperadorea 1084tik 1105ean kargua utzi zuen arte. Saliar dinastiako hirugarren enperadorea izan zen. Henrike III.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa enperadorearen eta semea izan zen. (eu) Henry IV (German: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor—the second monarch of the Salian dynasty—and Agnes of Poitou. After his father's death on 5 October 1056, Henry was placed under his mother's guardianship. She made grants to German aristocrats to secure their support. Unlike her late husband, she could not control the election of the popes, thus the idea of the "liberty of the Church" strengthened during her rule. Taking advantage of her weakness, Archbishop Anno II of Cologne kidnapped Henry in April 1062. He administered Germany until Henry came of age in 1065. Henry endeavoured to recover the royal estates that had been lost during his minority. He employed low-ranking officials to carry out his new policies, causing discontent in Saxony and Thuringia. Henry crushed a riot in Saxony in 1069 and overcame the rebellion of the Saxon aristocrat Otto of Nordheim in 1071. The appointment of commoners to high office offended German aristocrats, and many of them withdrew from Henry's court. He insisted on his royal prerogative to appoint bishops and abbots, although the reformist clerics condemned this practice as simony (a forbidden sale of church offices). Pope Alexander II blamed Henry's advisors for his acts and excommunicated them in early 1073. Henry's conflicts with the Holy See and the German dukes weakened his position and the Saxons rose up in open rebellion in the summer of 1074. Taking advantage of a quarrel between the Saxon aristocrats and peasantry, he forced the rebels into submission in October 1075. Henry adopted an active policy in Italy, alarming Pope Alexander II's successor, Gregory VII, who threatened him with excommunication for simony. Henry persuaded most of the German bishops to declare the Pope's election invalid on 24 January 1076. In response, the Pope excommunicated Henry and released his subjects from their allegiance. German aristocrats who were hostile to Henry called for the Pope to hold an assembly in Germany to hear Henry's case. To prevent the Pope from sitting in judgement on him, Henry went to Italy as far as Canossa to meet with the Pope. His penitential "Walk to Canossa" was a success and Gregory VII had no choice but to absolve him in January 1077. Henry's German opponents ignored his absolution and elected an antiking, Rudolf of Rheinfelden, on 14 March 1077. The Pope was initially neutral in the two kings' conflict, enabling Henry to consolidate his position. Henry continued to appoint high-ranking clerics, for which the Pope again excommunicated him on 7 March 1080. Most German and northern Italian bishops remained loyal to Henry and they elected the antipope Clement III. Rudolf of Rheinfelden was killed in battle and his successor, Hermann of Salm, could only exert royal authority in Saxony. From 1081, Henry launched a series of military campaigns to Italy, and Clement III crowned him emperor in Rome on 1 April 1084. Hermann of Salm died and Henry pacified Saxony with the local aristocrats' assistance in 1088. He launched an invasion against the pope's principal Italian ally, Matilda of Tuscany, in 1089. She convinced Henry's elder son, Conrad II, to take up arms against his father in 1093. Her alliance with Welf I, Duke of Bavaria, prevented Henry's return to Germany until 1096 when he was reconciled with Welf. After Clement III's death, Henry did not support new antipopes, but did not make peace with Pope Paschal II. Henry proclaimed the first Reichsfriede (imperial peace) which covered the whole territory of Germany in 1103. His younger son, Henry V, forced him to abdicate on 31 December 1105. He tried to regain his throne with the assistance of Lotharingian aristocrats, but became ill and died without receiving absolution from his excommunication. Henry's preeminent role in the Investiture Controversy, his "Walk to Canossa" and his conflicts with his sons and wives established his controversial reputation, with some regarding him as the stereotype of a tyrant, and others describing him as an exemplary monarch who protected the poor. (en) Henri IV (né le 11 novembre 1050 vraisemblablement au palais de Goslar en Saxe, et mort à Liège le 7 août 1106) fut empereur du Saint-Empire de 1084 à 1105. Il appartient à la dynastie des Saliens. Le 17 juillet 1054 à Aix-la-Chapelle, son père Henri III le couronne roi associé des Romains. À la mort de ce dernier en octobre 1056, il règne en tant que Roi des Romains sous la régence de sa mère Agnès d'Aquitaine jusqu'en 1062, puis jusqu'à sa majorité en mars 1065 sous la régence d'Annon, archevêque de Cologne. Le 31 mars 1084 à Rome, il est couronné empereur par l'antipape Clément III. En 1105, son fils cadet Henri, bénéficiant de l'appui du pape Pascal II, se rebelle et le force à abdiquer le 31 décembre. Henri IV est le troisième empereur de la dynastie franconienne issue des Francs saliens. C'est l'un des souverains les plus controversés du Moyen Âge, mais aussi l'une des plus fascinantes figures d'empereurs de par ses multiples revers de fortune, qui n'ont pas seulement intrigué les chroniqueurs qui lui étaient contemporains, mais aussi des générations d'historiens. Son opposition au pape Grégoire VII et la pénitence de Canossa constituent les temps forts de la querelle des Investitures. (fr) Enrique IV (Goslar, 11 de noviembre de 1050 – Lieja, 7 de agosto de 1106) fue Rey de romanos a partir de 1056, emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico desde 1084 hasta su abdicación en el año 1105. Hijo del emperador Enrique III y de Inés de Poitou, fue el tercer emperador de la Dinastía salia. (es) Bhí Anraí IV (Gearmáinis: Heinrich IV) (11 Samhain 1050 – 7 Lúnasa 1106) mar rí na Gearmáine ón mbliain 1056 agus Impire Naofa Rómhánach ón mbliain 1084 go dtí an bhliain 1105. Bhí sé an-chumhachtach agus ghlac sé páirt thábhachtach in eachtraí an 11ú céad. Tharla cogaidh chathartha san Iodáil agus sa Ghearmáin chomh maith le san Eaglais Chaitliceach. (ga) Heinrich IV (11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) adalah Kaisar Romawi Suci dari tahun 1084 sampai tahun 1105, dari tahun 1054 sampai tahun 1105, Raja Italia sekaligus dari tahun 1056 sampai tahun 1105, dan dari tahun 1052 sampai tahun 1054. Ayahnya adalah Heinrich III, Kaisar Romawi Suci kedua dari wangsa Sali, dan ibunya adalah Agnes dari Poitou, putri Adipati Aquitania. Ketika ayahnya mangkat pada tanggal 5 Oktober 1056, Heinrich belum cukup umur untuk memerintah sendiri, sehingga ibunya yang menjalankan pemerintahan selaku pemangku takhta. Ibu Heinrich mengaruniakan banyak anugerah kepada para menak Jerman demi mengekalkan dukungan mereka. Tidak seperti mendiang suaminya, Agnes tidak berdaya mengendalikan proses pemilihan paus, sehingga gagasan "" menguat pada masa pemerintahannya. Kelemahan Agnes dimanfaatkan Hanno II, Uskup Agung Köln. Hanno menculik Heinrich pada bulan April 1062, kemudian memerintah Jerman selaku pemangku takhta sampai Heinrich cukup umur untuk memerintah sendiri pada tahun 1065. Heinrich berusaha menguasai kembali tanah-tanah pertuanan raja yang lepas selama masa perwaliannya. Ia menugaskan pejabat-pejabat rendahan untuk menjalankan kebijakan-kebijakan barunya, sehingga membuat gerah Kadipaten Sachsen dan Kadipaten Thüringen. Heinrich berhasil mengamankan kerusuhan di Kadipaten Sachsen pada tahun 1069, dan memadamkan pemberontakan , seorang menak Sachsen, pada tahun 1071. Pengangkatan orang-orang dari kalangan rakyat jelata menjadi pejabat tinggi membuat para menak Jerman kehilangan muka. Banyak yang mengundurkan diri dari majelis istana. Heinrich bersikeras menjalankan hak prerogatifnya untuk mengangkat uskup dan abas, sekalipun para rohaniwan reformis mengecam tindakan tersebut sebagai praktik simoni (lelang jabatan gerejawi). Paus Aleksander II menyalahkan para penasihat Heinrich sebagai dalang di balik kebijakan-kebijakan Heinrich, dan mengekskomunikasi mereka pada awal tahun 1073. Konflik Heinrich dengan Takhta Suci dan para adipati Jerman membuat kedududukannya menjadi lemah, sehingga pada musim panas tahun 1074. Dengan memanfaatkan perselisihan antara rakyat jelata dan para menak di Sachsen, Heinrich berhasil memaksa kaum pemberontak untuk menyerah pada bulan Oktober 1075. Heinrich menjalankan kebijakan politik aktif di Italia, sehingga membuat gerah Paus Gregorius VII, pengganti Paus Aleksander II. Sri Paus mencoba menggertak dengan ancaman ekskomuniskasi atas kejahatan simoni, tetapi Heinrich malah membujuk sebagian besar uskup Jerman untuk mengeluarkan pernyataan pada tanggal 24 Januari 1076 bahwa Sri Paus tidak terpilih secara sah. Sri Paus membalas dengan mengekskomunikasi Heinrich dan membebaskan para pangeran Kekaisaran Romawi Suci dari sumpah setia mereka kepada Heinrich. Menak-menak Jerman yang memusuhi Heinrich meminta Sri Paus menggelar sidang gelar perkara Heinrich di Jerman. Demi mencegah terlaksananya sidang tersebut, Heinrich melakukan perjalanan dari Jerman sampai ke kota Canossa di Italia untuk menghadap Sri Paus. yang ia tempuh sebagai laku silih itu tidaklah sia-sia. Sri Paus tidak punya pilihan selain mengampuninya pada bulan Januari 1077. Seteru-seteru Heinrich di Jerman mengabaikan kenyataan bahwa Heinrich sudah diampuni Sri Paus dan memilih menjadi pada tanggal 14 Maret 1077. Mulanya Sri Paus bersikap netral dalam konflik antara Heinrich dan Rudolf, sehingga Heinrich berkesempatan mengukuhkan kedudukannya. Heinrich melanjutkan kebijakan mengangkat sendiri pejabat-pejabat tinggi gerejawi, sehingga sekali lagi diekskomunikasi Sri Paus pada tanggal 7 Maret 1080. Sebagian besar uskup di Jerman dan kawasan utara Italia tetap setia kepada Heinrich. Mereka memilih Uskup Agung Ravenna menjadi paus tandingan dengan nama . Rudolf dari Rheinfelden gugur dalam pertempuran, dan penggantinya, , hanya berdaulat di Kadipaten Sachsen saja. Mulai tahun 1081, Heinrich melancarkan serangkaian kampanye militer ke Italia, dan dinobatkan menjadi Kaisar Romawi Suci oleh Antipaus Klemens III di Roma pada tanggal 1 April 1084. Sesudah Hermann dari Salm mangkat, Heinrich menundukkan Kadipaten Sachsen dengan bantuan para menak setempat pada tahun 1088. Ia melancarkan invasi ke wilayah kekuasaan Matilde dari Toskana, sekutu utama Sri Paus di Italia, pada tahun 1089. Mathilde berhasil meyakinkan putra tertua Heinrich, , untuk memerangi ayahnya sendiri pada tahun 1093. Persekutuan Matilde dengan , menghalangi kepulangan Heinrich ke Jerman sampai Heinrich berdamai dengan Welf pada tahun 1096. Sepeninggal Antipaus Klemens III, Heinrich tidak mendukung pemilihan paus tandingan baru, tetapi juga tidak berdamai dengan Paus Paskalis II. Pada tahun 1103, Heinrich memberlakukan (kerukunan hidup bernegara) di seantero wilayah Jerman. Ia dipaksa turun takhta oleh putra bungsunya, yang juga bernama Heinrich, pada tanggal 31 Desember 1105. Ketika berusaha merebut kembali singgasana dengan bantuan para menak Lothringen, Heinrich jatuh sakit dan akhirnya wafat sebelum hukuman ekskomunikasinya dicabut. Peran besarnya dalam Kontroversi Investitur, perjalanannya menuju Canossa, serta konfliknya dengan putra-putra maupun istrinya membuat Heinrich dikenal sebagai tokoh dengan reputasi yang kontroversial. Di satu pihak ia dipandang tidak lebih dari seorang tiran, sementara di lain pihak ia dikagumi sebagai penguasa teladan, pengayom kaum papa. (in) 하인리히 4세(Heinrich IV, 1050년 11월 11일 – 1106년 8월 7일)은 1056년부터 독일 왕이었고 1084년부터 1105년 강제로 퇴위 당할 때까지 신성 로마 제국 황제였다. 잘리어 왕조의 세 번째 황제였으며 11세기의 가장 강력하고 중요한 역할을 한 황제였다. 교황 그레고리오 7세와 이른바 서임권 투쟁을 둘러싸고 격렬한 대립을 벌여, 한때 카노사의 굴욕(1077년)이라는 불명예스러운 일을 당하기도 했으나 끝내는 1084년에 교황 그레고리오 7세을 축출하며 복수에 성공하였다. 1053년 11월 11일 부왕에 의해 공동 독일 국왕으로 임명되었다. 1056년 아버지 하인리히 3세의 사후에 6살의 나이로 즉위하였으나 무능한 모후 아그네스의 섭정으로 인해 그의 지위는 상당히 위태로웠다. 반대세력을 무력으로 진압하여 독일내 권력장악에 성공하기도 했지만 장남 콘라트와 차남 하인리히 5세의 반란으로 불행한 말년을 보냈다. (ko) ハインリヒ4世（Heinrich IV., 1050年11月11日 - 1106年8月7日）はザーリアー朝第3代ローマ王（ドイツ王、在位：1053年 - 1105年）、ローマ教会の皇帝ヘンリクス4世（神聖ローマ皇帝、戴冠：1084年4月1日）。ザーリアー朝第2代ハインリヒ3世（黒王）の子で後継者として2歳で共同ローマ王になった。父が1056年に早世して幼少でフランケン公を継ぎ（在位：1056年 - 1076年）、成長してバイエルン公も兼ねた（在位：1077年 - 1096年）。苦難の幼少期を経て親政を始めるが、帝国統治に直接する聖職叙任権で教皇グレゴリウス7世と激しく対立。カノッサの屈辱でローマ王の権威は大いに傷つけられた。のちに反撃してイタリア王に即位し（在位：1080年 - 1106年）、ローマからグレゴリウス7世を追放、1084年には対立教皇クレメンス3世の手でついに皇帝として戴冠。ローマ王となって31年後のことだった。しかし最終的な勝利を得られないまま皇太子コンラートに裏切られ、代わりに皇太子としたハインリヒ5世にも裏切られ、神権を取り戻せないまま失意のまま崩御した。 (ja) Hendrik IV (Goslar, 11 november 1050 – Luik, 7 augustus 1106) was koning van Duitsland vanaf 1056 en Rooms-Duitse keizer van 1084 tot zijn gedwongen troonsafstand in 1105. Hij was de derde keizer van de Salische dynastie en een van de machtigste en belangrijkste figuren van de 11e eeuw. Zijn heerschappij werd gekenmerkt door de Investituurstrijd met het pausdom en verscheidene burgeroorlogen met pretendenten van zijn troon in Italië en Duitsland. (nl) Enrico IV di Franconia (Goslar, 11 novembre 1050 – Liegi, 7 agosto 1106) fu co-re dal 1053, dal 1056 re dei Romani e imperatore romano dal 1084 fino alla sua abdicazione da parte del figlio Enrico del 31 dicembre 1105 ad Ingelheim. Enrico fu l'ultimo re del medioevo romano-germanico ad ascendere al trono da minorenne. Come suo padre, concepiva la legittimità del suo governo basata principalmente sul diritto divino, rendendo però difficile e tesa la cooperazione con i grandi dell'impero. Già negli ultimi anni del regno di Enrico III, i conflitti sulla partecipazione dei principi al regno avevano portato a una crisi. I principi, in perenne lotta per il potere e l'influenza, usarono il periodo di minorità di Enrico, quando sua madre era responsabile degli affari di stato in qualità di reggente, per espandere i propri domini. Quando Enrico divenne maggiorenne, cercò di respingere l'influenza dei principi e di rafforzare i diritti reali di governo. Nel far ciò, fece affidamento sui ministeriali del regno creando in tal modo una nuova élite funzionariale. In Sassonia, ove la dinastia aveva ereditato i vastissimi possedimenti dei Liudolfingi ma non i loro legami con l'aristocrazia locale, Enrico tentò di riaffermare l'autorità regia costruendo numerosi castelli e scatenando così la ribellione dei sassoni. Allo stesso tempo, cominciarono le dispute con l'emergente papato riformatore sulla relazione tra potere spirituale e secolare (regnum). Esse culminarono nella cosiddetta lotta per le investiture e nel 1076 portarono alla rimozione e alla scomunica del salico da parte di papa Gregorio VII. L'umiliazione di Canossa nel 1077, in cui il re si sottomise e fu liberato dalla scomunica, è considerata il culmine del conflitto con il papato. Come reazione alla crescente insoddisfazione dei grandi per il governo di Enrico, furono eletti da assemblee principesche due anti-re, Rodolfo di Rheinfelden (1077-1080) e, alla morte di questo, Ermanno di Salm (1081-1088). I processi di cambiamento al tempo di Enrico IV diminuirono soprattutto le basi ideali della regalità, ormai in crisi. L'idea di una regalità legittimata dalla continuità dinastica diminuì di valore a vantaggio del principio della partecipazione principesca al governo dell'impero, che si impose tramite l'elezione dei re, oltre che dal concetto di idoneità del candidato. Il tentativo di Enrico di presentare il mausoleo regio-salico a Spira come la rappresentazione simbolica della connessione tra il trono e la dinastia regia non riuscì a fermare questa evoluzione di idee: il conflitto con il papato riformatore dimostrò che il re non era l'unico responsabile nei confronti di Dio, ma che poteva essere giudicato già in terra, e persino deposto. Pochi sovrani del Medioevo furono giudicati così diversamente dai loro contemporanei: per i sostenitori della regalità salica, Enrico IV era il rappresentante dell'ufficio regio conferito unicamente da Dio, mentre per i suoi avversari non era altro che un tiranno e l'incarnazione del male per eccellenza. Nella ricerca storica, a partire dal XIX secolo, è stato spesso ritratto come un martire nella lotta della regalità per l'ottenimento di un forte potere centrale contro le forze schiaccianti della Chiesa riformatrice gregoriana e dei principi tedeschi. Ricerche più recenti sono arrivate a una valutazione più sfumata, senza però aver trovato un'immagine univoca. I numerosi giudizi negativi dei contemporanei sulla condotta di vita e sull'ufficio del re sono interpretati in modo diverso, ma sono generalmente considerati come indicatori del rovente clima politico del tempo, che era caratterizzato da dispute che risalivano a fondamentali. Da un evangelario di Sant'Emmerano, dopo il 1106: nella fila superiore, l'imperatore Enrico IV (Heinricus imperator) tra i suoi figli. Alla sua destra Corrado (Chuonradus), che era morto in opposizione al padre nel 1101, e alla sua sinistra Enrico V (Heinricus rex) con i suoi tipici baffi. Nella fila inferiore i tre abati san Ramwold (974–1000), Eberardo (1060–1068) e Rupert (1068–1095) del monastero di Sant'Emmerano a Ratisbona. L'idea della continuità dinastica è chiaramente espressa: entrambi i figli, nonostante le loro ribellioni, stanno all'unisono accanto al padre nella stessa posizione dominante con le stesse insegna in mano. Cracovia, Biblioteca della Cattedrale 208, fol. 2v. (it) Henrique IV (Goslar, 11 de novembro de 1050 – Liège, 7 de agosto de 1106) foi o Imperador Romano-Germânico de 1084 até sua abdicação forçada ao final de 1105, além de Rei da Itália, Rei dos Romanos e Duque da Baviera. Era filho do imperador Henrique III e sua segunda esposa Inês da Aquitânia. Ele foi o terceiro imperador da dinastia saliana e uma das mais poderosas e importantes figuras do século XI. Seu reinado foi marcado pela Questão das Investiduras com o papado. Várias guerras civis ocorreram na Itália e Germânia pelo seu trono. Henrique morreu de doença após derrotar o exército de seu filho na França. (pt) Henryk IV (niem. Heinrich IV., ur. 11 listopada 1050 w Goslar, zm. 7 sierpnia 1106 w Liège) – król niemiecki od 1056 (faktycznie od 1065), cesarz rzymski od 1084 do swojej abdykacji w 1105, najstarszy syn cesarza Henryka III i jego drugiej żony Agnieszki z Poitou (Akwitańskiej). Był trzecim cesarzem z dynastii salickiej (zwanej inaczej dynastią frankońską). (pl) Henrik IV (tyska: Heinrich IV), född 11 november 1050 i Goslar, död 7 augusti 1106 i Liège, var tysk kung från 1056 och tysk-romersk kejsare 1084–1105. Han var son till Henrik III och Agnes av Poitou samt gift med Bertha av Savojen, med vilken han hade sonen Henrik. (sv) Генрих IV (нем. Heinrich IV; 11 ноября 1050, Гослар, Германия — 7 августа 1106, Льеж, Бельгия) — германский король, император Священной Римской империи, представитель Салической династии. Пытаясь, подобно своим предкам, установить безраздельную власть над всей империей, он первым из императоров вступил с папством в борьбу за инвеституру, по итогам которой не смог одержать в ней победу (унижение в Каноссе). С огромным трудом справившись с многочисленными мятежами, Генрих IV был отстранён от власти своим собственным сыном. Он умер, проклинаемый и клириками, и вассалами: первыми — как человек, бросивший вызов представителю Бога на земле, вторыми — как правитель, покусившийся на права и привилегии своих подданных. (ru) Генріх IV (нім. Heinrich IV; нар. 11 листопада 1050 — пом. 7 серпня 1106) — німецький король з 1056 року та імператор Священної Римської імперії між 1084 і 1106 роками. За часів правління Генріха IV спалахнув конфлікт між ним та папою римським Григорієм VII, який отримав назву боротьби за інвеституру. (uk) 亨利四世（德语：Heinrich IV，1050年11月11日—1106年8月7日），萨利安王朝的第三位罗马人民的国王（1056年—1105年在位）和罗马帝国皇帝（1084年加冕）。他也是德意志的巴伐利亚公爵（称亨利八世，1055年起）。亨利四世在他的統治末期（1103年）曾首次頒佈“上帝和平”，禁止諸侯私戰。他与教宗格里高利七世之间围绕主教叙任权爆发了激烈的叙任权斗争。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment	هنري الرابع (ألماني: هاينريش الرابع؛ 11 من نوفمبر 1050م – 7 من أغسطس 1106م) كان ملك الرومان (يُشار إليه أيضًا باسم ملك الألمان) من عام 1056م والإمبراطور الروماني المقدس من عام 1084م حتى تم إجباره على التنازل في عام 1105م. كما كان الإمبراطور الثالث لسلالة ساليان (سلالة العصور الوسطى العليا من أربعة ملوك ألمان) وواحدًا من أقوى الشخصيات وأهمها في القرن الحادي عشر. وقد تميّزت فترة حكمه بوجود نزاع في التنصيب مع الباباوية، إلى جانب والعديد من الحروب الأهلية مع المطالبين بالحصول على عرشه في إيطاليا وألمانيا. (ar) Jindřich IV. (11. listopadu 1050 – 7. srpna 1106, Lutych) byl římským králem (1056–1106) a od roku 1084 císařem Svaté říše římské. (cs) Henriko la 4-a (1050 - 1106) estis imperiestro de la Sankta Romia Imperio, la tria el la Salia dinastio. Henriko estis la plejaĝa filo de la imperiestro Henriko la 3-a kaj de lia dua edzino Agneta de Poitou. (eo) Henrike IV.a (Goslar, 1050eko azaroak 11-Liege, 1106ko abuztuak 7), germaniar errege izan zen 1056tik, Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santuko enperadorea 1084tik 1105ean kargua utzi zuen arte. Saliar dinastiako hirugarren enperadorea izan zen. Henrike III.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa enperadorearen eta semea izan zen. (eu) Enrique IV (Goslar, 11 de noviembre de 1050 – Lieja, 7 de agosto de 1106) fue Rey de romanos a partir de 1056, emperador del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico desde 1084 hasta su abdicación en el año 1105. Hijo del emperador Enrique III y de Inés de Poitou, fue el tercer emperador de la Dinastía salia. (es) Bhí Anraí IV (Gearmáinis: Heinrich IV) (11 Samhain 1050 – 7 Lúnasa 1106) mar rí na Gearmáine ón mbliain 1056 agus Impire Naofa Rómhánach ón mbliain 1084 go dtí an bhliain 1105. Bhí sé an-chumhachtach agus ghlac sé páirt thábhachtach in eachtraí an 11ú céad. Tharla cogaidh chathartha san Iodáil agus sa Ghearmáin chomh maith le san Eaglais Chaitliceach. (ga) 하인리히 4세(Heinrich IV, 1050년 11월 11일 – 1106년 8월 7일)은 1056년부터 독일 왕이었고 1084년부터 1105년 강제로 퇴위 당할 때까지 신성 로마 제국 황제였다. 잘리어 왕조의 세 번째 황제였으며 11세기의 가장 강력하고 중요한 역할을 한 황제였다. 교황 그레고리오 7세와 이른바 서임권 투쟁을 둘러싸고 격렬한 대립을 벌여, 한때 카노사의 굴욕(1077년)이라는 불명예스러운 일을 당하기도 했으나 끝내는 1084년에 교황 그레고리오 7세을 축출하며 복수에 성공하였다. 1053년 11월 11일 부왕에 의해 공동 독일 국왕으로 임명되었다. 1056년 아버지 하인리히 3세의 사후에 6살의 나이로 즉위하였으나 무능한 모후 아그네스의 섭정으로 인해 그의 지위는 상당히 위태로웠다. 반대세력을 무력으로 진압하여 독일내 권력장악에 성공하기도 했지만 장남 콘라트와 차남 하인리히 5세의 반란으로 불행한 말년을 보냈다. (ko) ハインリヒ4世（Heinrich IV., 1050年11月11日 - 1106年8月7日）はザーリアー朝第3代ローマ王（ドイツ王、在位：1053年 - 1105年）、ローマ教会の皇帝ヘンリクス4世（神聖ローマ皇帝、戴冠：1084年4月1日）。ザーリアー朝第2代ハインリヒ3世（黒王）の子で後継者として2歳で共同ローマ王になった。父が1056年に早世して幼少でフランケン公を継ぎ（在位：1056年 - 1076年）、成長してバイエルン公も兼ねた（在位：1077年 - 1096年）。苦難の幼少期を経て親政を始めるが、帝国統治に直接する聖職叙任権で教皇グレゴリウス7世と激しく対立。カノッサの屈辱でローマ王の権威は大いに傷つけられた。のちに反撃してイタリア王に即位し（在位：1080年 - 1106年）、ローマからグレゴリウス7世を追放、1084年には対立教皇クレメンス3世の手でついに皇帝として戴冠。ローマ王となって31年後のことだった。しかし最終的な勝利を得られないまま皇太子コンラートに裏切られ、代わりに皇太子としたハインリヒ5世にも裏切られ、神権を取り戻せないまま失意のまま崩御した。 (ja) Hendrik IV (Goslar, 11 november 1050 – Luik, 7 augustus 1106) was koning van Duitsland vanaf 1056 en Rooms-Duitse keizer van 1084 tot zijn gedwongen troonsafstand in 1105. Hij was de derde keizer van de Salische dynastie en een van de machtigste en belangrijkste figuren van de 11e eeuw. Zijn heerschappij werd gekenmerkt door de Investituurstrijd met het pausdom en verscheidene burgeroorlogen met pretendenten van zijn troon in Italië en Duitsland. (nl) Henryk IV (niem. Heinrich IV., ur. 11 listopada 1050 w Goslar, zm. 7 sierpnia 1106 w Liège) – król niemiecki od 1056 (faktycznie od 1065), cesarz rzymski od 1084 do swojej abdykacji w 1105, najstarszy syn cesarza Henryka III i jego drugiej żony Agnieszki z Poitou (Akwitańskiej). Był trzecim cesarzem z dynastii salickiej (zwanej inaczej dynastią frankońską). (pl) Henrik IV (tyska: Heinrich IV), född 11 november 1050 i Goslar, död 7 augusti 1106 i Liège, var tysk kung från 1056 och tysk-romersk kejsare 1084–1105. Han var son till Henrik III och Agnes av Poitou samt gift med Bertha av Savojen, med vilken han hade sonen Henrik. (sv) Генрих IV (нем. Heinrich IV; 11 ноября 1050, Гослар, Германия — 7 августа 1106, Льеж, Бельгия) — германский король, император Священной Римской империи, представитель Салической династии. Пытаясь, подобно своим предкам, установить безраздельную власть над всей империей, он первым из императоров вступил с папством в борьбу за инвеституру, по итогам которой не смог одержать в ней победу (унижение в Каноссе). С огромным трудом справившись с многочисленными мятежами, Генрих IV был отстранён от власти своим собственным сыном. Он умер, проклинаемый и клириками, и вассалами: первыми — как человек, бросивший вызов представителю Бога на земле, вторыми — как правитель, покусившийся на права и привилегии своих подданных. (ru) Генріх IV (нім. Heinrich IV; нар. 11 листопада 1050 — пом. 7 серпня 1106) — німецький король з 1056 року та імператор Священної Римської імперії між 1084 і 1106 роками. За часів правління Генріха IV спалахнув конфлікт між ним та папою римським Григорієм VII, який отримав назву боротьби за інвеституру. (uk) 亨利四世（德语：Heinrich IV，1050年11月11日—1106年8月7日），萨利安王朝的第三位罗马人民的国王（1056年—1105年在位）和罗马帝国皇帝（1084年加冕）。他也是德意志的巴伐利亚公爵（称亨利八世，1055年起）。亨利四世在他的統治末期（1103年）曾首次頒佈“上帝和平”，禁止諸侯私戰。他与教宗格里高利七世之间围绕主教叙任权爆发了激烈的叙任权斗争。 (zh) Enric IV (alemany: Heinrich IV; 11 de novembre del 1050 - 7 d'agost del 1106) fou sacre emperador romanogermànic entre el 1084 i el 1105, rei d'Alemanya entre el 1054 i el 1105, rei d'Itàlia i de entre el 1056 i el 1105 i duc de Bavària entre el 1052 i el 1054. Era fill d'Enric III del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic (segon emperador de la dinastia sàlica) i Agnès de Poitiers. A la mort del seu pare el 5 d'octubre del 1056, Enric li succeí sota la tutela de la seva mare, que feu concessions als aristòcrates d'Alemanya per obtenir el seu suport. La incapacitat d'Agnès de controlar les eleccions papals, a diferència del seu difunt marit, enfortí el concepte de la libertas ecclesiae durant la seva regència. L'arquebisbe tragué partit de la debilitat de la reina mare per segrestar Enric l'abril (ca) Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας (γερμανικά: Heinrich IV, 11 Νοεμβρίου 1050 - 7 Αυγούστου 1106) ήταν Αυτοκράτορας της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας (1084 - 1105), Βασιλιάς της Γερμανίας (1053 - 1087), Βασιλιάς της Ιταλίας (1056 - 1093), Βασιλιάς της Αρλ (1056 - 1105) και Δούκας της Βαυαρίας (1052 - 1054). Ο Ερρίκος Δ΄ ήταν γιος του αυτοκράτορα Ερρίκου Γ΄ μέλους του Οίκου των Σαλίων και της Αγνής του Πουατιέ.Όταν πέθανε ο πατέρας του (5 Οκτωβρίου 1056) ο μικρός Ερρίκος τέθηκε υπό την κηδεμονία της μητέρας του, η Αγνή έκανε μεγάλες δωρεές στους Γερμανούς αριστοκράτες για να τη στηρίξουν. Σε αντίθεση με τον σύζυγο της δεν μπορούσε να ελέγξει την παπική εκλογή, στην αντιβασιλεία η ιδέα "απελευθέρωσης της εκκλησίας" ενισχύθηκε έντονα. Ο αρχιεπίσκοπος Άννο Β΄ της Κολωνίας απήγαγε το (el) Heinrich IV. (* 11. November 1050 vermutlich in Goslar; † 7. August 1106 in Lüttich) aus der Familie der Salier war der älteste Sohn des Kaisers Heinrich III. und der Kaiserin Agnes. Ab 1053 war er Mitkönig, ab 1056 römisch-deutscher König und von 1084 bis zu seiner durch seinen Sohn Heinrich V. erzwungenen Abdankung am 31. Dezember 1105 Kaiser. (de) Henry IV (German: Heinrich IV; 11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) was Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105, King of Germany from 1054 to 1105, King of Italy and Burgundy from 1056 to 1105, and Duke of Bavaria from 1052 to 1054. He was the son of Henry III, Holy Roman Emperor—the second monarch of the Salian dynasty—and Agnes of Poitou. After his father's death on 5 October 1056, Henry was placed under his mother's guardianship. She made grants to German aristocrats to secure their support. Unlike her late husband, she could not control the election of the popes, thus the idea of the "liberty of the Church" strengthened during her rule. Taking advantage of her weakness, Archbishop Anno II of Cologne kidnapped Henry in April 1062. He administered Germany until Henry came of age in 1065. (en) Henri IV (né le 11 novembre 1050 vraisemblablement au palais de Goslar en Saxe, et mort à Liège le 7 août 1106) fut empereur du Saint-Empire de 1084 à 1105. Il appartient à la dynastie des Saliens. Le 17 juillet 1054 à Aix-la-Chapelle, son père Henri III le couronne roi associé des Romains. À la mort de ce dernier en octobre 1056, il règne en tant que Roi des Romains sous la régence de sa mère Agnès d'Aquitaine jusqu'en 1062, puis jusqu'à sa majorité en mars 1065 sous la régence d'Annon, archevêque de Cologne. Le 31 mars 1084 à Rome, il est couronné empereur par l'antipape Clément III. En 1105, son fils cadet Henri, bénéficiant de l'appui du pape Pascal II, se rebelle et le force à abdiquer le 31 décembre. (fr) Heinrich IV (11 November 1050 – 7 August 1106) adalah Kaisar Romawi Suci dari tahun 1084 sampai tahun 1105, dari tahun 1054 sampai tahun 1105, Raja Italia sekaligus dari tahun 1056 sampai tahun 1105, dan dari tahun 1052 sampai tahun 1054. Ayahnya adalah Heinrich III, Kaisar Romawi Suci kedua dari wangsa Sali, dan ibunya adalah Agnes dari Poitou, putri Adipati Aquitania. Ketika ayahnya mangkat pada tanggal 5 Oktober 1056, Heinrich belum cukup umur untuk memerintah sendiri, sehingga ibunya yang menjalankan pemerintahan selaku pemangku takhta. Ibu Heinrich mengaruniakan banyak anugerah kepada para menak Jerman demi mengekalkan dukungan mereka. Tidak seperti mendiang suaminya, Agnes tidak berdaya mengendalikan proses pemilihan paus, sehingga gagasan "" menguat pada masa pemerintahannya. Kel (in) Enrico IV di Franconia (Goslar, 11 novembre 1050 – Liegi, 7 agosto 1106) fu co-re dal 1053, dal 1056 re dei Romani e imperatore romano dal 1084 fino alla sua abdicazione da parte del figlio Enrico del 31 dicembre 1105 ad Ingelheim. (it) Henrique IV (Goslar, 11 de novembro de 1050 – Liège, 7 de agosto de 1106) foi o Imperador Romano-Germânico de 1084 até sua abdicação forçada ao final de 1105, além de Rei da Itália, Rei dos Romanos e Duque da Baviera. Era filho do imperador Henrique III e sua segunda esposa Inês da Aquitânia. (pt)
rdfs:label	Henry IV, Holy Roman Emperor (en) هنري الرابع (إمبراطور روماني مقدس) (ar) Enric IV del Sacre Imperi Romanogermànic (ca) Jindřich IV. (cs) Heinrich IV. (HRR) (de) Ερρίκος Δ΄ της Αγίας Ρωμαϊκής Αυτοκρατορίας (el) Henriko la 4-a (Sankta Romia Imperio) (eo) Enrique IV del Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico (es) Henrike IV.a Germaniako Erromatar Inperio Santukoa (eu) Anraí IV, Impire Naofa Rómhánach (ga) Heinrich IV, Kaisar Romawi Suci (in) Henri IV (empereur du Saint-Empire) (fr) Enrico IV di Franconia (it) 하인리히 4세 (ko) ハインリヒ4世 (神聖ローマ皇帝) (ja) Henryk IV Salicki (pl) Keizer Hendrik IV (nl) Генрих IV (император Священной Римской империи) (ru) Henrique IV do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico (pt) Henrik IV (tysk-romersk kejsare) (sv) 亨利四世 (神圣罗马帝国) (zh) Генріх IV (імператор Священної Римської імперії) (uk)
rdfs:seeAlso	dbr:Great_Saxon_Revolt
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