Liquor (original) (raw)
Una beguda destil·lada és la beguda que conté alcohol etanol, el qual és el producte de la destil·lació de productes fermentats: cereals, fruits o altres vegetals. Aquesta definició exclou begudes alcohòliques obtingudes per fermentació sense destil·lació com són, entre d'altres, la cervesa, el vi i la sidra. Entre les begudes destil·lades més populars, sense sucre afegit, es troben el brandi, l'schnapps, la ginebra, el rom, el tequila, el vodka i el whisky. Entre les begudes destil·lades amb sucre afegit i saboritzant es troba el Grand Marnier, el i l'schnapps a l'estil americà.
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| dbo:abstract | Una beguda destil·lada és la beguda que conté alcohol etanol, el qual és el producte de la destil·lació de productes fermentats: cereals, fruits o altres vegetals. Aquesta definició exclou begudes alcohòliques obtingudes per fermentació sense destil·lació com són, entre d'altres, la cervesa, el vi i la sidra. Entre les begudes destil·lades més populars, sense sucre afegit, es troben el brandi, l'schnapps, la ginebra, el rom, el tequila, el vodka i el whisky. Entre les begudes destil·lades amb sucre afegit i saboritzant es troba el Grand Marnier, el i l'schnapps a l'estil americà. (ca) Pálenka (nebo také destilát, lidově též kořalka, či gořalka nebo i šnaps) je ušlechtilá lihovina, která vzniká destilací zkvašeného rmutu, jenž je připraven z rozdrcených plodů nebo jiných částí rostlin. Osobité aroma získává pálenka z ovoce či suroviny, ze kterého byla připravena. Destilace alkoholu se do Evropy dostala přes Itálii z arabského světa. (cs) Eine Spirituose (lateinisch spiritus ‚Geist‘; Neutrum Plural: spirituosa ‚Geistiges‘) oder geistiges Getränk, umgangssprachlich auch Schnaps oder abwertend Fusel genannt, ist eine alkoholische Flüssigkeit, die zum menschlichen Genuss bestimmt ist, besondere organoleptische Eigenschaften besitzt und nach aktuellem EU-Recht einen Mindestalkoholgehalt von 15 % Vol. aufweist; bei Eierlikör genügen 14 % Vol. Früher war auch die Bezeichnung Branntwein üblich, die noch heute in einigen Gesetzen verwendet wird. Die Gewinnung der alkoholischen Basis erfolgt durch Brennen (Destillation) natürlicher, vergorener, pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse. (de) المشروب المقطر (أيضًا الليكير أو الليكير القوي، أو المشروب المقطر القوي، أو الكحول القوي، أو المشروب الروحي) هو مشروب كحولي ينتج عن تقطير الحبوب أو الفاكهة أو الخضروات التي سبق أن خضعت للتخمر الكحولي. تنقي عملية التقطير السائل وتزيل المكونات المخففة مثل الماء، بهدف زيادة نسبة محتوى الكحول فيها (عادة ما يُعبر عنها بنسبة الكحول). لأن المشروب المقطر يحتوي على كمية أكبر من الكحول، فهو يُعد «قويًا أكثر»؛ في أمريكا الشمالية، يُستخدم مصطلح الليكير القوي لتمييز المشروبات الكحولية المقطرة عن المشروبات غير المقطرة. على سبيل المثال، لا يشمل هذا المصطلح مشروبات مثل الجعة، أو النبيذ، أو الميد، أو الساكي، أو نبيذ الأرز، أو السيدر، لأنها مخمرة ولكنها غير مقطرة. تحتوي كلها على الكحول بنسبة منخفضة، وعادةً ما تقل عن 15%. البراندي هو مشروب كحولي ناتج عن تقطير النبيذ، ويحتوي على أكثر من 35% من الكحول. من الأمثلة الأخرى على المشروبات المقطرة الفودكا، والبايجو، والشوتشو، والسوجو، والجن، والروم، والتيكيلا، والميزكال، والويسكي. (ar) Brando estas alkohola trinkaĵo, farita per distilado de alkoholhava likvo (ekzemple vino) aŭ de fermentintaj greno, fruktoj k.a.: * absinttrinkaĵo * anizobrando * (el flava genciano) * bagasbrando * citronbrando * ĉerizbrando * ĝino * juniperbrando * kalvadoso (el cidro) * karvi-brando * (germane Kirsch) * konjako * merizbrando (el dolĉa ĉerizo) * paĉarano * * pingo * pisko * prunbrando: cuiko (en Rumanio), slivovico * rumo * ŝnapso * terpombrando * tekilo * meskalo * (angle Brandy) * viskio * vodko ktp. (eo) Edari destilatua ardo, fruitu edo barazkien destilazioak eragindako edari alkoholikoa da. Destilazio prozesuak likidoa kontzentratzen du alkohol-graduazioa handitzeko. (eu) Liquor (or a spirit) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar, that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include: spirit drink, distilled beverage or hard liquor. The distillation process concentrates the liquid to increase its alcohol by volume. As liquors contain significantly more alcohol (ethanol) than other alcoholic drinks, they are considered 'harder'; in North America, the term hard liquor is sometimes used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones, whereas the term spirits is more common in the UK. Some examples of liquors include vodka, rum, gin, and tequila. Liquors are often aged in barrels, such as for the production of brandy and whiskey, or are infused with flavorings to form a flavored liquor such as absinthe. While the word liquor ordinarily refers to distilled alcoholic spirits rather than beverages produced by fermentation alone, it can sometimes be used more broadly to refer to any alcoholic beverage (or even non-alcoholic products of distillation or various other liquids). Like other alcoholic drinks, liquor is typically consumed for the psychoactive effects of alcohol. Liquor may be consumed on its own ('neat'), typically in amounts of around 50 millilitres (1.7 US fluid ounces) per served drink. In an undiluted form, distilled beverages are often slightly sweet, and bitter, and typically impart a burning mouthfeel, with an odor derived from the alcohol and the production and aging processes; the exact flavor varies between different varieties of liquor and the different impurities they impart. Liquor is also frequently mixed with other ingredients to form a cocktail. Rapid consumption of a large amount of liquor can cause severe alcohol intoxication or alcohol poisoning, which can be fatal. Consistent consumption of liquor over time correlates with higher mortality and other harmful health effects, even when compared to other alcoholic beverages. (en) Une boisson spiritueuse ou un spiritueux est une boisson alcoolisée obtenue par distillation de produits ayant subi une fermentation alcoolique. La distillation peut être précédée et/ou suivie de différents traitements visant à modifier et/ou améliorer le goût et/ou l'aspect du produit. C'est l'étape de distillation qui distingue les spiritueux des boissons alcoolisées produites uniquement par fermentation (bière, vin, cidre, etc.). Les boissons spiritueuses peuvent être réparties en deux grandes familles : * les boissons spiritueuses « simples » (armagnac, cognac, schnaps, vodka, rhum, whisky, tequila, etc.), couramment appelées eaux-de-vie, dont le goût et l'aspect proviennent majoritairement directement des matières premières fermentées et, pour les eaux-de-vie auxquelles cela s'applique, du processus de vieillissement. * les boissons spiritueuses « composées » (gin, liqueurs, pastis, etc.) dont le goût et l'aspect proviennent au moins autant de substances aromatisantes, édulcorantes et/ou colorantes, naturelles ou non, que des matières premières fermentées elles-mêmes. Certaines boissons spiritueuses sont vieillies en fût ou en foudre, ou affinées en dame-jeanne. Elles se consomment seules ou en mélange (cocktails). (fr) Deochanna alcólacha a tháirgtear trí eatánól a dhriogadh ó choipeadh brúitín as foinsí éagsúla, (eorna i gcomhair uisce beatha, cána siúcra i gcomhair ruim, prátaí i gcomhair vodca). Tugtar blas ar leith do chuid mhaith díobh, mar a dhéantar le caora aitil i gcás ginéive. Cumasctar cinn eile le fíonta chun deochanna cosúil le pórtfhíon, meascán branda is fíona, a tháirgeadh. (ga) Minuman keras (disingkat miras), minuman suling, atau spirit adalah minuman beralkohol yang mengandung etanol yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan (yaitu, berkonsentrasi lewat distilasi) etanol diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi biji-bijian, buah, atau sayuran. Contoh minuman keras adalah arak, vodka, gin, , tequila, rum, wiski, brendi, dan soju. Di Indonesia, definisi "minuman keras" dan "minuman beralkohol" tercampur aduk dan cenderung dianggap barang yang sama sehingga juga meliputi minuman fermentasi yang tidak disuling seperti bir, tuak, anggur, dan cider. Contoh dalam RUU Anti Miras yang telah dibuat sejak tahun 2013. Istilah "hard liquor" (juga berarti "minuman keras") digunakan di Amerika Utara dan India untuk membedakan minuman suling dari yang tidak disuling (jauh lebih rendah kadar alkoholnya). (in) 증류주(蒸溜酒, Distilled beverage)는 발효된 술을 다시 증류해서 만든 술로, 알코올 도수가 높다는 점이 일반적인 특징이다. 전 세계 각 나라 각 지역마다 여러 종류의 증류주가 존재한다. 술은 알코올과 물을 주성분으로 하는데 알코올의 끓는점은 약 78.325°C이며 물의 끓는점은 약 100°C이다. 따라서 술을 가열하면 알코올이 증발하게 된다. 술을 만들 때 증기를 모으고 액체를 배출하면 원래 술보다 알코올 도수가 높은 술이 만들어지는데 이것이 증류주이다. 증류주는 그대로 마시거나 원통형의 나무통 등에서 숙성시킨 후에 마신다. (ko) 蒸留酒（じょうりゅうしゅ）とは、醸造酒を蒸留して作った酒である。スピリッツ（spirits）とも呼ばれる。酒を製造方法で、醸造酒・蒸留酒・混成酒に分類したときのひとつ。 基本的にはアルコール度数が高いものの、蒸留後に加水した場合でも蒸留酒とされるので、アルコール度数を大きく落とすことも可能である。世界各地に、地域に応じた様々な蒸留酒が存在する。 (ja) Gedistilleerde drank (vaak kortweg gedistilleerd genoemd) is een alcoholische drank verkregen door destillatie uit gefermenteerde landbouwproducten. Gedistilleerde dranken hebben een alcoholpercentage van minimaal 15% bij kamertemperatuur. Door het scheiden van de diverse kookpunten van het destillaat worden eventuele verontreinigingen uit het eindproduct gescheiden, zodat men een vloeistof overhoudt die geschikt is voor consumptie. Het onderscheid met sterkedrank is dat daar ook alle versterkte bieren en wijnen onder vallen met een alcoholpercentage van 15% of meer, en ook met gedistilleerd bereide dranken zoals advocaat en likeur. Gedistilleerde dranken zijn dus alle alcoholhoudende dranken verkregen door destillatie. Bier en wijn worden niet volgens een destillatieproces bereid, maar alleen door vergisting. Hoe wordt 'gedistilleerd' gemaakt: 1. * granen 2. * beslag 3. * vergisting 4. * destilleren van moutwijn: 5. 1. * ruwnat (voorloop met verontreinigingen) 6. 2. * bestnat 7. 3. * enkelnat (naloop met de laatste verontreinigingen) 8. * destillatie: 9. 1. * moutwijn (46 - 48%) 10. 2. * graanalcohol (96%) 11. * destilleren van kruidendestillaten De moderne destillateurs maken nog volop gebruik van klassieke ketels. Enkele voorbeelden van gedistilleerde dranken zijn: brandewijn, cognac, gin, jenever, rum, vieux, whisky en wodka. (nl) Una bevanda spiritosa, anche conosciuta comunemente come superalcolico, è una bevanda alcolica con titolo alcolometrico maggiore o uguale a 15 % vol, prodotta mediante distillazione oppure macerazione o aromatizzazione di alcol etilico o di altre bevande spiritose. A livello europeo, le bevande spiritose sono normate dal Regolamento (CE) n. 110/2008, approvato il 15 gennaio 2008. (it) As bebidas destiladas são bebidas alcoólicas purificadas através do processo de destilação a partir de uma substância fermentada, como frutas, cereais e outras partes vegetais. Exemplos de bebidas destiladas incluem cachaça (ou aguardente), vodka, tequila, rum, whisky, licor, conhaque, gin, steinhäger e aguardentes em geral. Bebidas destiladas são em geral fortes, contém um alto teor alcoólico. (pt) Крепкие спиртные напитки — спиртные напитки со сравнительно высоким содержанием алкоголя, основой которых, как правило, является дистиллят или бидистиллят (получается методом перегонки) или ректификат (получаемый методом ректификации) сброженного сусла. Как правило, крепкими спиртными напитками считаются напитки с содержанием алкоголя не менее 20 % объёма готовой продукции. Нижняя граница содержания алкоголя для крепких спиртных напитков однозначно не определена, и может варьироваться в зависимости от норм отдельно взятой страны. Например, в России с 2000 года акцизные марки на алкогольной продукции с содержанием этилового спирта более 28 % маркировались надписью «Крепкие спиртные напитки», с содержанием этилового спирта 28 % и менее — «Спиртные напитки», за исключением вина, а с 2006 года граница между категориями алкогольных напитков определена в 25 %. (ru) 蒸馏酒（英語：liquor），是利用穀物、水果或蔬菜在經過酒精發酵後的產物為原料，以蒸餾方式所制造出的酒。蒸餾的過程會淨化液體並除去稀釋酒的成分（例如水），目的是增加其酒精濃度（通常以ABV表示濃度）。由于製酒发酵过程中产生過浓的乙醇溶液可能會将酵母杀死，无法继续发酵，所以经发酵酿造的酒类含乙醇浓度最高只能达 10%—20%。但酒精的沸点是78.3℃，经加热使温度超过酒精沸点而低於水的沸点，酒精蒸汽逸出，後经冷凝可得到80%—90%以上浓度的乙醇溶液，经勾兑可制造高浓度的烈酒（英語：Hard liquor，liquor，或spirit）。由於要獲得更高濃度的酒往往經過蒸餾過程，故一般來說，烈酒是蒸餾酒的同義詞。在北美，「烈酒（hard liquor）」一詞已用於形容蒸馏酒，以区分于未蒸馏酒，在英国则使用“spirit”一词。 蒸馏酒最早出現西元1世紀的亞歷山卓 。 世界六大鸡尾酒基酒 * 穀物（大麥, 玉米, 黑麥, 小麥等）蒸餾並經橡木桶陳年的威士忌（Whisky/Whiskey） * 水果（葡萄，蘋果，梨等）蒸馏並經橡木桶陳年的白蘭地（Brandy） * 穀物和糖蜜或是馬鈴薯蒸馏並經樺木炭過濾的伏特加（Vodka） * 蔗糖糖蜜或是甘蔗蒸馏的蘭姆酒（Rum） * 穀物或其它原材料蒸餾並在蒸餾過程中使用包含杜松子調味的琴酒（Gin） * 龍舌蘭糖漿蒸馏的龍舌蘭酒中的梅斯卡爾酒（Mezcal）與特基拉酒（Tequila），並非所有龍舌蘭酒都為蒸餾酒（如普逵酒就是發酵而非蒸餾而成） (zh) Міцні спиртні напої — алкогольні напої із відносно високим вмістом етилового спирту (етанолу), які отримують шляхом дистиляції зброджених злаків, фруктів, овочів або будь-яких інших продуктів, що містять цукор. Міцними, зазвичай, вважаються напої, що містять не менше 35 об'ємних відсотків спирту. Популярні міцні спиртні напої із низьким вмістом цукру включають абсент, бренді, джин, граппу, ром, текілу, горілку, віскі, шнапс тощо. Міцні спиртні напої з додаванням ароматизатарів та високим вмістом цукру зазвичай називаються лікерами. Прикладами популярних лікерів є , , . До міцних спиртних напоїв можуть відноситися і кріплені вина, які виробляються додаванням міцнішого напою до вина (як правило, винного спирту). (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Una beguda destil·lada és la beguda que conté alcohol etanol, el qual és el producte de la destil·lació de productes fermentats: cereals, fruits o altres vegetals. Aquesta definició exclou begudes alcohòliques obtingudes per fermentació sense destil·lació com són, entre d'altres, la cervesa, el vi i la sidra. Entre les begudes destil·lades més populars, sense sucre afegit, es troben el brandi, l'schnapps, la ginebra, el rom, el tequila, el vodka i el whisky. Entre les begudes destil·lades amb sucre afegit i saboritzant es troba el Grand Marnier, el i l'schnapps a l'estil americà. (ca) Pálenka (nebo také destilát, lidově též kořalka, či gořalka nebo i šnaps) je ušlechtilá lihovina, která vzniká destilací zkvašeného rmutu, jenž je připraven z rozdrcených plodů nebo jiných částí rostlin. Osobité aroma získává pálenka z ovoce či suroviny, ze kterého byla připravena. Destilace alkoholu se do Evropy dostala přes Itálii z arabského světa. (cs) Eine Spirituose (lateinisch spiritus ‚Geist‘; Neutrum Plural: spirituosa ‚Geistiges‘) oder geistiges Getränk, umgangssprachlich auch Schnaps oder abwertend Fusel genannt, ist eine alkoholische Flüssigkeit, die zum menschlichen Genuss bestimmt ist, besondere organoleptische Eigenschaften besitzt und nach aktuellem EU-Recht einen Mindestalkoholgehalt von 15 % Vol. aufweist; bei Eierlikör genügen 14 % Vol. Früher war auch die Bezeichnung Branntwein üblich, die noch heute in einigen Gesetzen verwendet wird. Die Gewinnung der alkoholischen Basis erfolgt durch Brennen (Destillation) natürlicher, vergorener, pflanzlicher Erzeugnisse. (de) Brando estas alkohola trinkaĵo, farita per distilado de alkoholhava likvo (ekzemple vino) aŭ de fermentintaj greno, fruktoj k.a.: * absinttrinkaĵo * anizobrando * (el flava genciano) * bagasbrando * citronbrando * ĉerizbrando * ĝino * juniperbrando * kalvadoso (el cidro) * karvi-brando * (germane Kirsch) * konjako * merizbrando (el dolĉa ĉerizo) * paĉarano * * pingo * pisko * prunbrando: cuiko (en Rumanio), slivovico * rumo * ŝnapso * terpombrando * tekilo * meskalo * (angle Brandy) * viskio * vodko ktp. (eo) Edari destilatua ardo, fruitu edo barazkien destilazioak eragindako edari alkoholikoa da. Destilazio prozesuak likidoa kontzentratzen du alkohol-graduazioa handitzeko. (eu) Deochanna alcólacha a tháirgtear trí eatánól a dhriogadh ó choipeadh brúitín as foinsí éagsúla, (eorna i gcomhair uisce beatha, cána siúcra i gcomhair ruim, prátaí i gcomhair vodca). Tugtar blas ar leith do chuid mhaith díobh, mar a dhéantar le caora aitil i gcás ginéive. Cumasctar cinn eile le fíonta chun deochanna cosúil le pórtfhíon, meascán branda is fíona, a tháirgeadh. (ga) 증류주(蒸溜酒, Distilled beverage)는 발효된 술을 다시 증류해서 만든 술로, 알코올 도수가 높다는 점이 일반적인 특징이다. 전 세계 각 나라 각 지역마다 여러 종류의 증류주가 존재한다. 술은 알코올과 물을 주성분으로 하는데 알코올의 끓는점은 약 78.325°C이며 물의 끓는점은 약 100°C이다. 따라서 술을 가열하면 알코올이 증발하게 된다. 술을 만들 때 증기를 모으고 액체를 배출하면 원래 술보다 알코올 도수가 높은 술이 만들어지는데 이것이 증류주이다. 증류주는 그대로 마시거나 원통형의 나무통 등에서 숙성시킨 후에 마신다. (ko) 蒸留酒（じょうりゅうしゅ）とは、醸造酒を蒸留して作った酒である。スピリッツ（spirits）とも呼ばれる。酒を製造方法で、醸造酒・蒸留酒・混成酒に分類したときのひとつ。 基本的にはアルコール度数が高いものの、蒸留後に加水した場合でも蒸留酒とされるので、アルコール度数を大きく落とすことも可能である。世界各地に、地域に応じた様々な蒸留酒が存在する。 (ja) Una bevanda spiritosa, anche conosciuta comunemente come superalcolico, è una bevanda alcolica con titolo alcolometrico maggiore o uguale a 15 % vol, prodotta mediante distillazione oppure macerazione o aromatizzazione di alcol etilico o di altre bevande spiritose. A livello europeo, le bevande spiritose sono normate dal Regolamento (CE) n. 110/2008, approvato il 15 gennaio 2008. (it) As bebidas destiladas são bebidas alcoólicas purificadas através do processo de destilação a partir de uma substância fermentada, como frutas, cereais e outras partes vegetais. Exemplos de bebidas destiladas incluem cachaça (ou aguardente), vodka, tequila, rum, whisky, licor, conhaque, gin, steinhäger e aguardentes em geral. Bebidas destiladas são em geral fortes, contém um alto teor alcoólico. (pt) المشروب المقطر (أيضًا الليكير أو الليكير القوي، أو المشروب المقطر القوي، أو الكحول القوي، أو المشروب الروحي) هو مشروب كحولي ينتج عن تقطير الحبوب أو الفاكهة أو الخضروات التي سبق أن خضعت للتخمر الكحولي. تنقي عملية التقطير السائل وتزيل المكونات المخففة مثل الماء، بهدف زيادة نسبة محتوى الكحول فيها (عادة ما يُعبر عنها بنسبة الكحول). لأن المشروب المقطر يحتوي على كمية أكبر من الكحول، فهو يُعد «قويًا أكثر»؛ في أمريكا الشمالية، يُستخدم مصطلح الليكير القوي لتمييز المشروبات الكحولية المقطرة عن المشروبات غير المقطرة. (ar) Liquor (or a spirit) is an alcoholic drink produced by distillation of grains, fruits, vegetables, or sugar, that have already gone through alcoholic fermentation. Other terms for liquor include: spirit drink, distilled beverage or hard liquor. The distillation process concentrates the liquid to increase its alcohol by volume. As liquors contain significantly more alcohol (ethanol) than other alcoholic drinks, they are considered 'harder'; in North America, the term hard liquor is sometimes used to distinguish distilled alcoholic drinks from non-distilled ones, whereas the term spirits is more common in the UK. Some examples of liquors include vodka, rum, gin, and tequila. Liquors are often aged in barrels, such as for the production of brandy and whiskey, or are infused with flavorings to (en) Minuman keras (disingkat miras), minuman suling, atau spirit adalah minuman beralkohol yang mengandung etanol yang dihasilkan dari penyulingan (yaitu, berkonsentrasi lewat distilasi) etanol diproduksi dengan cara fermentasi biji-bijian, buah, atau sayuran. Contoh minuman keras adalah arak, vodka, gin, , tequila, rum, wiski, brendi, dan soju. (in) Une boisson spiritueuse ou un spiritueux est une boisson alcoolisée obtenue par distillation de produits ayant subi une fermentation alcoolique. La distillation peut être précédée et/ou suivie de différents traitements visant à modifier et/ou améliorer le goût et/ou l'aspect du produit. C'est l'étape de distillation qui distingue les spiritueux des boissons alcoolisées produites uniquement par fermentation (bière, vin, cidre, etc.). Les boissons spiritueuses peuvent être réparties en deux grandes familles : Elles se consomment seules ou en mélange (cocktails). (fr) Gedistilleerde drank (vaak kortweg gedistilleerd genoemd) is een alcoholische drank verkregen door destillatie uit gefermenteerde landbouwproducten. Gedistilleerde dranken hebben een alcoholpercentage van minimaal 15% bij kamertemperatuur. Door het scheiden van de diverse kookpunten van het destillaat worden eventuele verontreinigingen uit het eindproduct gescheiden, zodat men een vloeistof overhoudt die geschikt is voor consumptie. Hoe wordt 'gedistilleerd' gemaakt: De moderne destillateurs maken nog volop gebruik van klassieke ketels. (nl) Крепкие спиртные напитки — спиртные напитки со сравнительно высоким содержанием алкоголя, основой которых, как правило, является дистиллят или бидистиллят (получается методом перегонки) или ректификат (получаемый методом ректификации) сброженного сусла. (ru) Міцні спиртні напої — алкогольні напої із відносно високим вмістом етилового спирту (етанолу), які отримують шляхом дистиляції зброджених злаків, фруктів, овочів або будь-яких інших продуктів, що містять цукор. (uk) 蒸馏酒（英語：liquor），是利用穀物、水果或蔬菜在經過酒精發酵後的產物為原料，以蒸餾方式所制造出的酒。蒸餾的過程會淨化液體並除去稀釋酒的成分（例如水），目的是增加其酒精濃度（通常以ABV表示濃度）。由于製酒发酵过程中产生過浓的乙醇溶液可能會将酵母杀死，无法继续发酵，所以经发酵酿造的酒类含乙醇浓度最高只能达 10%—20%。但酒精的沸点是78.3℃，经加热使温度超过酒精沸点而低於水的沸点，酒精蒸汽逸出，後经冷凝可得到80%—90%以上浓度的乙醇溶液，经勾兑可制造高浓度的烈酒（英語：Hard liquor，liquor，或spirit）。由於要獲得更高濃度的酒往往經過蒸餾過程，故一般來說，烈酒是蒸餾酒的同義詞。在北美，「烈酒（hard liquor）」一詞已用於形容蒸馏酒，以区分于未蒸馏酒，在英国则使用“spirit”一词。 蒸馏酒最早出現西元1世紀的亞歷山卓 。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Liquor (en) مشروب مقطر (ar) Beguda destil·lada (ca) Pálenka (cs) Spirituose (de) Brando (eo) Bebida destilada (es) Edari destilatu (eu) Biotáille (ga) Minuman keras (in) Bevanda spiritosa (it) Boisson spiritueuse (fr) 증류주 (ko) 蒸留酒 (ja) Gedistilleerde drank (nl) Bebida destilada (pt) Крепкие спиртные напитки (ru) 蒸馏酒 (zh) Міцні спиртні напої (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Bartending_terminology dbr:Long-term_effects_of_alcohol_consumption dbr:Europe dbr:Alcohol_proof dbr:Alcohol_preferences |
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dbr:Andrew_George_Blair dbr:Andrew_Tan dbr:Anethole dbr:Anshun dbr:Apache_Kid dbr:Armagnac dbr:Battle_of_Baideng dbr:Berbati's_Pan dbr:Lewis_Rosenstiel dbr:Lingayatism dbr:Lion_(Australasian_company) dbr:Liquor_Control_Board_of_Ontario dbr:Liquor_store dbr:Liver dbr:Loches dbr:Lombok dbr:Lord_Melville_(1807_ship) dbr:Lost_L.A. dbr:Louis-Alexandre_Taschereau dbr:Louis_Kuehnle dbr:Lucena dbr:Lucid_Absinthe dbr:Lufthansa_Flight_181 dbr:Luzhou_Laojiao dbr:Líder dbr:Mahaan_(2022_film) dbr:Mahinland dbr:Maindhan_(1994_film) dbr:Malagos_Chocolate dbr:Man-O-War_Cay dbr:Manasi_Pradhan dbr:Cachaça dbr:Caffè_corretto dbr:Caipirinha dbr:China_Wine_and_Spirits_Awards dbr:Chocotto_Sister dbr:Siege_of_Quebec_(1760) dbr:Sikhism dbr:Smith's_Food_and_Drug dbr:Smugglers'_Notch_State_Park dbr:Snake dbr:Stanwood,_Washington dbr:Stateline,_Idaho dbr:Columbia,_South_Carolina,_in_the_American_Civil_War dbr:Companies_traded_on_the_Nairobi_Securities_Exchange dbr:France–Suriname_relations dbr:Fruit_brandy dbr:Fruitcake dbr:Fugitive_Economic_Offender dbr:Harpers_Wine_&_Spirit dbr:Henry_Frank dbr:Ice_luge dbr:Kerala_Excise dbr:Krönleins dbr:Ku_Klux_Klan_raid_(Inglewood,_California) dbr:Kumi_Kumi dbr:Leonetto_Cappiello dbr:Les_Collines_noires dbr:Palm_wine dbr:Pat_O'Brien's_Bar dbr:Peg_(unit) dbr:Percussion_(medicine) dbr:Product_placement dbr:Maine_Liquor_Licensing_and_Compliance_Division dbr:Rum_Swizzle dbr:Spirit dbr:St._Martin's_Day dbr:Swedish_cuisine dbr:Sweet_Revenge_(liqueur) dbr:Sweet_tea |
| is dbp:industry of | dbr:Vinmonopolet dbr:James_E._Pepper |
| is dbp:mainIngredient of | dbr:Caffè_corretto |
| is dbp:products of | dbr:Newfoundland_and_Labrador_Liquor_Corporation dbr:All_or_Nothing_Brewhouse dbr:Malagos_Chocolate dbr:McCashin's_Brewery dbr:BI-LO_(United_States) dbr:Farmer_Jack dbr:Harps_Food_Stores dbr:Southeastern_Grocers dbr:Santa_Isabel_(supermarkets) |
| is dbp:related of | dbr:Boyd_&_Blair |
| is dbp:type of | dbr:Araqi_(drink) dbr:Matsu_Distillery dbr:Cachaça dbr:Mezcal dbr:Gin dbr:Laksoy dbr:Lambanog dbr:Akpeteshie dbr:Amaro_Averna dbr:Irish_whiskey dbr:Tequila dbr:Whisky dbr:Metaxa dbr:Rum |
| is gold:hypernym of | dbr:Mickey's dbr:Beopju dbr:Charanda dbr:Cut_brandy dbr:Get_27 dbr:Corn_whiskey dbr:Luzhou_Laojiao dbr:Big_Bear_(malt_liquor) dbr:Kumi_Kumi dbr:Lambig dbr:Pox_(drink) dbr:Guaro_(drink) dbr:Bacanora dbr:Jenever dbr:Rượu_đế dbr:Herbero dbr:Otto_G._Weyse dbr:Bäsk dbr:Cantueso dbr:Pomace_brandy dbr:St._Ides dbr:Munbaeju dbr:YiSheng_liquor |
| is owl:differentFrom of | dbr:Liqueur |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Liquor |
