Second Temple (original) (raw)

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Druhý chrám (hebrejsky: בית המקדש v překladu „svatý dům“) je označení pro jeruzalémský chrám, který stál na Chrámové hoře od roku asi do roku 70 n. l. Po návratu z babylonského zajetí byl centrem židovského náboženství a místem přinášení obětí, které skončilo jeho zničením. Zachovala se jen část vnější opěrné zdi z doby jeho pozdějšího rozšíření, která se nazývá Zeď nářků. Označení chrámu odkazuje na Babyloňany zničený První neboli Šalomounův chrám. Zničení Druhého chrámu Římany znamenal počátek židovské diaspory.

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dbo:abstract Druhý chrám (hebrejsky: בית המקדש v překladu „svatý dům“) je označení pro jeruzalémský chrám, který stál na Chrámové hoře od roku asi do roku 70 n. l. Po návratu z babylonského zajetí byl centrem židovského náboženství a místem přinášení obětí, které skončilo jeho zničením. Zachovala se jen část vnější opěrné zdi z doby jeho pozdějšího rozšíření, která se nazývá Zeď nářků. Označení chrámu odkazuje na Babyloňany zničený První neboli Šalomounův chrám. Zničení Druhého chrámu Římany znamenal počátek židovské diaspory. (cs) الهيكل الثاني هو هيكل يهودي أقيم على أنقاض هيكل سليمان بعد السبي البابلي سنة 516 ق. م. تم تدمير الهيكل على يد الرومان خلال الثورة اليهودية الأولى سنة 70 م. الهيكل الثاني (بالعبرية: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי بيت همقدش هشني، أي بيت المقدس الثاني) كان معبدًا يهوديًّا مقدّسًا، قام على جبل الهيكل في القدس، بين عام 516 قبل الميلاد تقريبًا، إلى عام 70 للميلاد تقريبًا، وتعرَف هذه الفترة بفترة الهيكل الثاني. حسب الكتاب العبري، حلّ الهيكل الثاني محل هيكل سليمان (الهيكل الأول)، الذي دمّرته الإمبراطورية البابلية الجديدة عام 586 قبل الميلاد، عندما كانت القدس محتلّة ونُفي جزء من شعب مملكة يهوذا إلى بابل.|
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dbp:about yes (en)
dbp:by no (en)
dbp:caption Model of [[#Herod's Temple (en)
dbp:country dbr:Achaemenid_Empire
dbp:dateDestroyed 70 (xsd:integer)
dbp:deity dbr:Yahweh
dbp:designation1Free1name Excavation dates (en)
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dbp:designation1Free2name Archaeologists (en)
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dbp:designation1Free3name Present-day site (en)
dbp:designation1Free3value dbr:Dome_of_the_Rock
dbp:designation2Free1name Public access (en)
dbp:designation2Free1value Limited; see Temple Mount entry restrictions (en)
dbp:foundedBy Zerubbabel; refurbished by Herod the Great (en)
dbp:label Second Temple (en)
dbp:leadership dbr:High_Priest_of_Israel
dbp:location dbr:Temple_Mount
dbp:mapAlt Location of the former Second Temple in Jerusalem (en)
dbp:mapCaption Location within the Old City of Jerusalem##Location within Jerusalem ##Location within the State of Israel (en)
dbp:mapType Old Jerusalem#Jerusalem#Israel (en)
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dbp:municipality dbr:Jerusalem
dbp:name Second Temple (en) Herod's Temple (en)
dbp:nativeName (en)
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rdfs:comment Druhý chrám (hebrejsky: בית המקדש v překladu „svatý dům“) je označení pro jeruzalémský chrám, který stál na Chrámové hoře od roku asi do roku 70 n. l. Po návratu z babylonského zajetí byl centrem židovského náboženství a místem přinášení obětí, které skončilo jeho zničením. Zachovala se jen část vnější opěrné zdi z doby jeho pozdějšího rozšíření, která se nazývá Zeď nářků. Označení chrámu odkazuje na Babyloňany zničený První neboli Šalomounův chrám. Zničení Druhého chrámu Římany znamenal počátek židovské diaspory. (cs) La Dua Templo de Jerusalemo estis juda templo ekkonstruita en la jaro , dum la regno de Kiro la 2-a. La templo estis grandskale renovigita kaj pligrandigita fare de reĝo Herodo en 19 a.K. La Dua Templo estis la centro de la juda religio ĝis la jaro 70 p.K., kiam la Romianoj detruis ĝin la 4-an de aŭgusto, subpremante la judan ribelon kiu komenciĝis en 66 p.K. La unua templo estis detruita en , kiam la judoj estis ekzilitaj al Babilonio. (eo) Als Herodianischer Tempel wird die grundlegende Umgestaltung des zweiten Jerusalemer Tempes (hebräisch בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי Bēṯ hamMīqdāš hašŠēnī) bezeichnet, mit der Herodes der Große (hebräisch הוֹרְדוֹס) 21 v. Chr. begann und die zugleich sein anspruchsvollstes Bauprojekt wurde. Innerhalb von nur anderthalb Jahren wurde das eigentliche Tempelgebäude fertiggestellt und mit großer Prachtentfaltung eingeweiht. Die Neugestaltung des gesamten Tempelberg-Komplexes aber zog sich noch lange nach dem Tod des Herodes hin und kam erst kurz vor dem Ausbruch des Jüdischen Krieges zum Abschluss. Er wurde im Jahre 70 n. Chr. durch die römische Armee zerstört. (de) Bait Kedua, atau lengkapnya disebut Bait Suci Kedua atau Bait Allah Kedua (Ibrani: בית המקדש berarti 'Rumah Suci') adalah Bait Allah hasil rekonstruksi yang berdiri antara tahun 516 SM sampai 70 M. Selama itu, bait ini merupakan pusat pemujaan Yahudi, yang fokus pada pengorbanan yang disebut korbanot. Bait Salomo, juga diketahui sebagai Bait Pertama, dihancurkan tahun 586 SM ketika Yahudi dibuang ke Babel. Konstruksi bait baru dimulai tahun 535 SM. Pembangunannya selesai pada 12 Maret 515 SM Seperti yang dijelaskan dalam Kitab Ezra, pembangunan kembali bait disusun oleh Koresy yang Agung dan disahkan oleh Darius yang Agung. Romawi menghancurkan Yerusalem dan Bait Kedua pada 4 Agustus 70. (in) 第二神殿(だいにしんでん)は、紀元前516年から紀元後70年までの間エルサレムの神殿の丘に建っていたユダヤ人の重要な神殿(エルサレム神殿)である。それは紀元前586年のバビロン捕囚の際に破壊されたソロモンの第一神殿に代わって建設された。 (ja) Il secondo tempio di Gerusalemme (anche tempio di Erode o Secondo Tempio) è la ricostruzione del tempio di Salomone, distrutto dal babilonese Nabucodonosor II nel 586 a.C. Fu completato nel 515 a.C., dopo l'esilio babilonese, così come raccontato nel Libro di Esdra, e distrutto nel 70 d.C. dal generale romano Tito. Durante questo periodo esso fu il centro culturale e spirituale del Giudaismo ed il luogo dei sacrifici rituali. Erode il Grande, a partire dal 19 a.C., fece un ampliamento importante del Secondo Tempio; per questo motivo il Tempio di Gerusalemme, da quella data, viene anche chiamato Tempio di Erode. (it) De Tweede tempel (Hebreeuws: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי, Beit HaMikdash HaSheni), ook wel Tempel van Herodes, was de tweede Joodse tempel. De Tweede tempel heeft 585 jaar bestaan, van 516 v.Chr. tot 70 n.Chr., hoewel sommige joodse kringen geloven dat de Tweede tempel slechts 420 jaar bestond, van 352 v.Chr. – 68 n.Chr. De periode van de Tweede tempel wordt ook wel Zugot genoemd. (nl) Druga Świątynia (hebr. בֵּית הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי, Bet ha-Mikdasz ha-Szeni) – najważniejsza świątynia Izraelitów, niegdyś znajdująca się w Jerozolimie, na Wzgórzu Świątynnym. Zgodnie z żydowską tradycją powstała w latach 537–516 p.n.e. z inicjatywy perskiego króla Cyrusa II Wielkiego na miejscu Pierwszej Świątyni, która została zniszczona przez armię babilońską w 587 roku p.n.e. Następnie podległy Cesarstwu Rzymskiemu król Herod Wielki przeprowadził przebudowę i powiększenie świątyni. Budowla została zniszczona przez wojska rzymskie w 70 roku n.e. podczas oblężenia Jerozolimy. (pl) O Segundo Templo (em hebraico: בית המקדש, Beit HaMikdash HaSheni) foi o templo que o povo judeu construiu após o regresso a Jerusalém, a vinda depois de anos no Cativeiro Babilónico, no mesmo local onde o Templo de Salomão existira antes de ser destruído. Foi destruído novamente no ano 70 pelos soldados romanos liderados pelo general Tito. (pt) 第二圣殿,旧址位于耶路撒冷,是继第一圣殿被毁后所建的。 公元前586年,犹太人被新巴比伦王国国王尼布甲尼撒二世掳往巴比伦,沦为巴比伦之囚,第一圣殿被毁。后新巴比伦被波斯帝国的古列二世所灭,古列二世释放了犹太人,并允许犹太人重建圣殿。重回故地的犹太人开始了圣殿的重建,但重建过程并不顺利,直至大流士时期才完成,大流士也对第二圣殿的重建给予了帮助,此时已是第一圣殿被毁70年后的公元前516年,整个重建过程被记录在旧约的以斯拉记。 公元前19年,大希律王开始了大规模的整修和扩建第二圣殿,由此有时被称为希律圣殿,但大部分情况下它仍被称为第二圣殿,整个施工过程,祭典仪式继续进行。 公元70年,耶路撒冷在犹太战争中被罗马帝国将军提图斯攻陷,第二圣殿也被毁,圣殿里的圣物被掳往帝國首都罗马城,为纪念这件事情,罗马人开建了提圖斯凱旋門。自公元411年西哥特王國攻佔羅馬城後圣物现已下落不明,凯旋门上的雕塑成为人们对圣物的推测根据。 (zh) الهيكل الثاني هو هيكل يهودي أقيم على أنقاض هيكل سليمان بعد السبي البابلي سنة 516 ق. م. تم تدمير الهيكل على يد الرومان خلال الثورة اليهودية الأولى سنة 70 م. الهيكل الثاني (بالعبرية: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי بيت همقدش هشني، أي بيت المقدس الثاني) كان معبدًا يهوديًّا مقدّسًا، قام على جبل الهيكل في القدس، بين عام 516 قبل الميلاد تقريبًا، إلى عام 70 للميلاد تقريبًا، وتعرَف هذه الفترة بفترة الهيكل الثاني. وفي عقيدة اليهود الأخروية أن الهيكل الثاني سيحلّ محلّه في المستقبل هيكل ثالث. (ar) Ο Δεύτερος Ναός (εβραϊκά: בֵּians־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי‎ - Beit HaMikdash HaSheni) ήταν ο εβραϊκός ιερός ναός που βρισκόταν στο όρος του Ναού στην Ιερουσαλήμ κατά την περίοδο του δεύτερου ναού, μεταξύ του 516 π.Χ. και του 70 μ.Χ. Αντικατέστησε τον Ναό του Σολομώντα (τον Πρώτο Ναό), ο οποίος καταστράφηκε από την το 586 π.Χ., όταν κατακτήθηκε η Ιερουσαλήμ και μέρος του πληθυσμού του Βασιλείου του Ιούδα συνελήφθη και στάλθηκε στην Βαβυλώνα. Η εβραϊκή εσχατολογία περιλαμβάνει την πεποίθηση ότι ο Δεύτερος Ναός θα αντικατασταθεί από έναν μελλοντικό τρίτο ναό. (el) El Segundo Templo (בֵּית-הַמִּקְדָּשׁ הַשֵּׁנִי, Beit HaMikdash HaSheni) fue el templo sagrado judío, que se erigió en el Monte del Templo de Jerusalén, entre c. 516 a. C. y c. 70. Dio nombre al período del Segundo Templo. Según la Biblia Hebrea, sustituyó al Templo de Salomón o el Primer Templo,​ que fue destruido por el Imperio neobabilónico en el año 586 a. C., cuando Jerusalén fue conquistada y parte de la población del Reino de Judá fue llevada al exilio a Babilonia. La escatología judía incluye la creencia de que el Segundo Templo será reemplazado por un futuro Tercer templo de Jerusalén. (es) Le Second Temple de Jérusalem est celui qui fut reconstruit sur les fondations du Premier Temple, connu sous le nom de Temple de Salomon, qui avait été détruit et pillé lors du en 606 av. J.-C. La construction du Second Temple commence après la captivité des Judéens à Babylone, durant l'époque perse sous le gouverneur Zorobabel. Zorobabel a commencé la construction du temple de Jérusalem en -536. Le temple de Zorobabel a été terminé en -417 sous Darius II. puis restauré et agrandi sous Hérode Ier le Grand, à partir de 20 av. J.C.. En raison de l'expansion massive du lieu de culte par Hérode, il est quelquefois appelé Temple d'Hérode. Le Second Temple devient le centre culturel et spirituel du judaïsme et le lieu des sacrifices rituels, les korbanot, jusqu'à sa destruction en l'an 70 par l (fr) The Second Temple (Hebrew: בֵּית־הַמִּקְדָּשׁ‎ הַשֵּׁנִי‎, Bēṯ hamMīqdāš hašŠēnī, transl. 'Second House of the Sanctum'), later known as Herod's Temple, was the reconstructed Temple in Jerusalem between c. 516 BCE and 70 CE. It replaced Solomon's Temple, which had been built at the same location in the United Kingdom of Israel before being inherited by the Kingdom of Judah in c. 930 BCE and then destroyed by the Neo-Babylonian Empire during the Babylonian siege of Jerusalem in c. 587 BCE. Construction on the Second Temple began some time after the Neo-Babylonian Empire was conquered by the Achaemenid Persian Empire; it followed a proclamation by Persian king Cyrus the Great (see Edict of Cyrus) that ended the Babylonian captivity and initiated the return to Zion. In Jewish history, the Sec (en) Второй Храм — бывший храм в Иерусалиме, начало строительства которого было положено в правление Кира Великого; реконструирован Иродом Великим; разрушен во время штурма Иерусалима в ходе Первой Иудейской войны римской армией, во главе с Титом. С 691 года на его месте находится мечеть «Купол Скалы». Общепринятой считается датировка окончания постройки Второго Храма 516 годом до н. э., но есть предположение, что окончание датируется 417 годом до н. э. В еврейской традиции строительство датируется 348 годом до н. э. (ru)
rdfs:label Second Temple (en) الهيكل الثاني (ar) Druhý chrám (cs) Herodianischer Tempel (de) Δεύτερος Ναός (el) Dua Templo (eo) Segundo Templo (es) Bait Kedua (in) Second Temple de Jérusalem (fr) Secondo tempio di Gerusalemme (it) 제2성전 (ko) 第二神殿 (ja) Druga Świątynia (pl) Tweede Tempel (nl) Segundo Templo (pt) Второй Храм (ru) 第二圣殿 (zh)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Missing_years_(Jewish_calendar) dbr:Pilgrimage
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