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Qin (778 aC - 207 aC) va ser un estat feudal xinès que existí durant el període del Primaveres i Tardors i el període dels regnes combatents de la història xinesa. Emergí com un dels dominants estats dels set regnes combatents pel segle iii aC i finalment unificà Xina sota el seu control en 221 aC, després del qual és referit com la dinastia Qin. (ca) Qin (chinesisch 秦, Pinyin Qín, W.-G. Ch’in, veraltet nach Unger, Stange Ts’in; 778 v. Chr. – 207 v. Chr.) war ein Fürstentum und später souveränes Königreich in China während der Westlichen Zhou-Dynastie, der Zeit der Frühlings- und Herbstannalen sowie in der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche. Der Staat Qin verfolgte eine expansive Politik, die dazu führte, dass er ganz China zum ersten Mal vereinte und die aus ihm stammende Qin-Dynastie das chinesische Kaiserreich begründete. Der Ahnenname des Hauses Qin lautet Yíng – 嬴, der Clanname: Zhao. (de) El estado Qin (en chino: 秦國, Wade-Giles: Ch'in kuo, pinyin: Qín guó) fue un estado en el noroeste de China que se extendió durante el periodo de Primaveras y Otoños y los Reinos Combatientes de la historia antigua. Surgió como una de las superpotencias dominantes de los siete estados combatientes por el siglo III a. C. y unificó a China bajo su mandato en el año 221 a. C., después de lo cual se le conoció como la Dinastía Qin. (es) L'État de Qin ou Ts'in (EFEO) (秦) (v. 771 av. J.-C. - 207 av. J.-C.) apparaît au début de la dynastie des Zhou Orientaux, dans la vallée de la Wei (actuelle province du Shaanxi). État semi-barbare aux confins occidentaux de la Chine des Zhou, son influence s'accroît au cours de la période des Printemps et des Automnes et surtout des Royaumes combattants, à la fin de laquelle le roi de Qin, ayant annexé ses six principaux rivaux (Qi, Chu, Han, Yan, Zhao, et Wei) fonde la dynastie Qin (221 av. J.-C.-207 av. J.-C.). La famille régnante du Qin portait le nom de Ying (嬴). (fr) Qin (Hanzi: 秦; : *[dz]i[n]; Wade-Giles: Ch'in) adalah sebuah pada zaman dinasti Zhou. Negara tersebut bermula dari penaklukan kembali lahan-lahan barat yang sebelumnya direbut . Pada abad ke-3 SM, Qin menjadi salah satu kekuatan dominan dari dan, di bawah kepemimpinan Shi Huangdi, menyatukan China pada 221 SM. Kekaisaran tersebut berdiri dalam jangka pendek namun memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam sejarah Tiongkok. (in) Qin (Chinese: 秦; pinyin: Qín) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted expansion and development that was unavailable to its rivals in the North China Plain. Following extensive "Legalist" reform in the fourth century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers of the Seven Warring States and unified the seven states of China in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. It established the Qin dynasty, which was short-lived but greatly influenced later Chinese history. (en) Qin o Ch'in (Wade-Giles) (秦), (778 a.C.-207 a.C.) fu uno Stato cinese del Periodo delle primavere e degli autunni e del Periodo dei regni combattenti. Il nome cinese per i suoi regnanti era Ying (嬴). (it) ( 이 문서는 주로 전국 통일 이전의 진나라에 대해 다루고 있습니다. 진나라 전체에 대해서는 진나라 문서를 참고하십시오.) 진(秦, 기원전 900년경 ~ 기원전 221년)은 중국의 왕조이다. 동주(춘추/전국)시대 제후국이었다. 기원전 221년에 중국을 최초로 통일하여 제국 진나라를 이루었지만, 기원전 206년에 망했다. 왕실의 성은 영(嬴), 통일 시의 수도는 함양이었다. (ko) 秦（しん、拼音: Qín、紀元前905年 - 紀元前206年）は、中国の王朝である。周代・春秋時代・戦国時代にわたって存在し、紀元前221年に史上初めて中国全土を統一、紀元前206年に滅亡した。統一から滅亡までの期間を秦朝、秦代と呼ぶ。姓は嬴（えい）、氏は趙。統一時の首都は咸陽。 (ja) Qin was een van de Strijdende Staten in China. De naam China (in Europese talen) is hiervan afgeleid. De staat lag in het westen van het land. (nl) Qin (854 p.n.e. - 207 p.n.e.) – chińskie państwo w Okresie Wiosen i Jesieni oraz Okresie Walczących Królestw. Wzrost potęgi państwa Qin wiąże się z legistycznymi w duchu reformami, wprowadzonymi w życie przez wpływowego męża stanu Shang Yanga. Dokonał on terytorialnego podziału administracji (w miejsce klanowego), wprowadził system odpowiedzialności zbiorowej i surowe kary (donoszenie było przymusowe), dbał o wojsko i chłopów, głównie kosztem kupców i artystów. Zniesiono system studnia-pole, czyniąc podatek ziemski głównym źródłem dochodu państwa. W 221 r. p.n.e. stojący na czele państwa Qin król Zheng zakończył brutalny i bezkompromisowy podbój pozostałych sześciu państw i ogłosił się Pierwszym Cesarzem. Dał w ten sposób początek pierwszej w Cesarstwie Chińskim Dynastii Qin. Rodowe nazwisko rodziny królewskiej w państwie Qin brzmiało Ying (嬴). (pl) Qin (秦国; 秦國; Qínguó; Ch`inkuo) var en feodalstat i Kina från 770 f.Kr. fram till 221 f.Kr. då Qins regent etablerade kinas första kejsardöme; Qindynastin. Qindynastin kunde etableras efter att staten Qin vunnit det mycket blodiga inbördeskriget mellan de konkurrerande feodalstaterna i slutet av perioden de stridande staterna efter att Zhoudynastins kungamakt hade fallit. Namnet "Qin" är upphovet till dagens namn på Kins utanför det kinesiska språket. Införandet av Shang Yangs reformer i mitten av 300-talet f.Kr. var att likna vid en revolution, och lade grunden för det centralstyrda Kina, vilket levde vidare i efterföljande dynastier. Qin hade sitt kärnområde kring Weifloden i dagens Shaanxi. (sv) Chim ou Chin (em chinês: 秦; romaniz.: Qin (pinyin) ou Ch'in (Wade-Giles)) foi um Estado chinês surgido em 777 a.C., pouco anterior ao Período das Primaveras e Outonos (771–476 a.C.), e que existiu até fins do Período dos Estados Combatentes (476–221 a.C.). Gradualmente se expandiu às custas dos reinos vizinhos e em 221 a.C., com suas últimas conquistas, foi elevado à posição de império e tornar-se-ia o primeiro Estado unificado da China. (pt) Цинь (кит. 秦) — царство в древнем Китае, которое сначала было удельным княжеством, а потом смогло объединить Китай. Существовало с 771 до н. э. по 221 до н. э. в эпоху формального правления династии Чжоу в периоды Весны и Осени и Сражающихся царств. Правящая семья носила фамилию Ин (кит. 嬴). (ru) 秦国是春秋战国时期诸侯国，公室为嬴姓赵氏，是少昊的后裔，柳明瑞认为源自今山东地區。 公元前905年，周孝王因秦祖先非子善养马，因此将其封於秦邑（今甘肃天水市清水县），作为周朝的附庸，此后秦人与西戎进行了长久而残酷的斗争。前821年，秦庄公被周宣王封为西陲大夫，前770年，秦襄公护送周平王东迁有功，獲封為伯爵，秦正式成為一方諸侯。周朝给其封地在今甘肃河东地区到陕西一带。从前677年起，秦国在雍（今甘肃天水到陇南一带）建都近300年。雍城遗址有宫殿区、居住区、士大夫与国人墓葬区和秦公陵园。秦穆公时期，灭西戎十二国，奠定了秦国作为春秋四大强国的基础。秦國與西戎、義渠之間有通婚、結盟的關係，秦國崛起後，這些勢力皆被併入秦國。战国初期，魏国大举攻秦，夺取秦国河西之地。前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅实施商鞅变法，开启了秦国富国强兵之路，前350年，秦国迁都咸阳。前325年，秦伯驷称王（史称秦惠文王），前288年，秦昭襄王一度称帝，秦国发动伊阙、鄢郢、华阳、长平四大战役，歼灭山东六国军队上百万人，奠定了秦国统一的基础。秦王政於前221年攻灭六国，統一中国，建立了秦朝，是中国历史上第一個中央集权的大一統王朝。公元前207年，刘邦攻入关中，秦王子婴开城献降，秦朝灭亡。 (zh) Цінь (IX століття до н. е. — 221 до н. е. роки) — держава у Стародавньому Китаї періодів Чуньцю і Чжаньґо. Протягом усього існування боролася з іншими державами Китаю за гегемонію. На чолі стояла династія Ін. У 221 році до н. е., підкоривши держава Ці, об'єднало Китай в першу імперію. З цього часу відома як імперія або династія Цінь. (uk) |
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Qin (778 aC - 207 aC) va ser un estat feudal xinès que existí durant el període del Primaveres i Tardors i el període dels regnes combatents de la història xinesa. Emergí com un dels dominants estats dels set regnes combatents pel segle iii aC i finalment unificà Xina sota el seu control en 221 aC, després del qual és referit com la dinastia Qin. (ca) Qin (chinesisch 秦, Pinyin Qín, W.-G. Ch’in, veraltet nach Unger, Stange Ts’in; 778 v. Chr. – 207 v. Chr.) war ein Fürstentum und später souveränes Königreich in China während der Westlichen Zhou-Dynastie, der Zeit der Frühlings- und Herbstannalen sowie in der Zeit der Streitenden Reiche. Der Staat Qin verfolgte eine expansive Politik, die dazu führte, dass er ganz China zum ersten Mal vereinte und die aus ihm stammende Qin-Dynastie das chinesische Kaiserreich begründete. Der Ahnenname des Hauses Qin lautet Yíng – 嬴, der Clanname: Zhao. (de) El estado Qin (en chino: 秦國, Wade-Giles: Ch'in kuo, pinyin: Qín guó) fue un estado en el noroeste de China que se extendió durante el periodo de Primaveras y Otoños y los Reinos Combatientes de la historia antigua. Surgió como una de las superpotencias dominantes de los siete estados combatientes por el siglo III a. C. y unificó a China bajo su mandato en el año 221 a. C., después de lo cual se le conoció como la Dinastía Qin. (es) L'État de Qin ou Ts'in (EFEO) (秦) (v. 771 av. J.-C. - 207 av. J.-C.) apparaît au début de la dynastie des Zhou Orientaux, dans la vallée de la Wei (actuelle province du Shaanxi). État semi-barbare aux confins occidentaux de la Chine des Zhou, son influence s'accroît au cours de la période des Printemps et des Automnes et surtout des Royaumes combattants, à la fin de laquelle le roi de Qin, ayant annexé ses six principaux rivaux (Qi, Chu, Han, Yan, Zhao, et Wei) fonde la dynastie Qin (221 av. J.-C.-207 av. J.-C.). La famille régnante du Qin portait le nom de Ying (嬴). (fr) Qin (Hanzi: 秦; : *[dz]i[n]; Wade-Giles: Ch'in) adalah sebuah pada zaman dinasti Zhou. Negara tersebut bermula dari penaklukan kembali lahan-lahan barat yang sebelumnya direbut . Pada abad ke-3 SM, Qin menjadi salah satu kekuatan dominan dari dan, di bawah kepemimpinan Shi Huangdi, menyatukan China pada 221 SM. Kekaisaran tersebut berdiri dalam jangka pendek namun memiliki pengaruh yang besar dalam sejarah Tiongkok. (in) Qin (Chinese: 秦; pinyin: Qín) was an ancient Chinese state during the Zhou dynasty. Traditionally dated to 897 BC, it took its origin in a reconquest of western lands previously lost to the Rong; its position at the western edge of Chinese civilization permitted expansion and development that was unavailable to its rivals in the North China Plain. Following extensive "Legalist" reform in the fourth century BC, Qin emerged as one of the dominant powers of the Seven Warring States and unified the seven states of China in 221 BC under Qin Shi Huang. It established the Qin dynasty, which was short-lived but greatly influenced later Chinese history. (en) Qin o Ch'in (Wade-Giles) (秦), (778 a.C.-207 a.C.) fu uno Stato cinese del Periodo delle primavere e degli autunni e del Periodo dei regni combattenti. Il nome cinese per i suoi regnanti era Ying (嬴). (it) ( 이 문서는 주로 전국 통일 이전의 진나라에 대해 다루고 있습니다. 진나라 전체에 대해서는 진나라 문서를 참고하십시오.) 진(秦, 기원전 900년경 ~ 기원전 221년)은 중국의 왕조이다. 동주(춘추/전국)시대 제후국이었다. 기원전 221년에 중국을 최초로 통일하여 제국 진나라를 이루었지만, 기원전 206년에 망했다. 왕실의 성은 영(嬴), 통일 시의 수도는 함양이었다. (ko) 秦（しん、拼音: Qín、紀元前905年 - 紀元前206年）は、中国の王朝である。周代・春秋時代・戦国時代にわたって存在し、紀元前221年に史上初めて中国全土を統一、紀元前206年に滅亡した。統一から滅亡までの期間を秦朝、秦代と呼ぶ。姓は嬴（えい）、氏は趙。統一時の首都は咸陽。 (ja) Qin was een van de Strijdende Staten in China. De naam China (in Europese talen) is hiervan afgeleid. De staat lag in het westen van het land. (nl) Qin (秦国; 秦國; Qínguó; Ch`inkuo) var en feodalstat i Kina från 770 f.Kr. fram till 221 f.Kr. då Qins regent etablerade kinas första kejsardöme; Qindynastin. Qindynastin kunde etableras efter att staten Qin vunnit det mycket blodiga inbördeskriget mellan de konkurrerande feodalstaterna i slutet av perioden de stridande staterna efter att Zhoudynastins kungamakt hade fallit. Namnet "Qin" är upphovet till dagens namn på Kins utanför det kinesiska språket. Införandet av Shang Yangs reformer i mitten av 300-talet f.Kr. var att likna vid en revolution, och lade grunden för det centralstyrda Kina, vilket levde vidare i efterföljande dynastier. Qin hade sitt kärnområde kring Weifloden i dagens Shaanxi. (sv) Chim ou Chin (em chinês: 秦; romaniz.: Qin (pinyin) ou Ch'in (Wade-Giles)) foi um Estado chinês surgido em 777 a.C., pouco anterior ao Período das Primaveras e Outonos (771–476 a.C.), e que existiu até fins do Período dos Estados Combatentes (476–221 a.C.). Gradualmente se expandiu às custas dos reinos vizinhos e em 221 a.C., com suas últimas conquistas, foi elevado à posição de império e tornar-se-ia o primeiro Estado unificado da China. (pt) Цинь (кит. 秦) — царство в древнем Китае, которое сначала было удельным княжеством, а потом смогло объединить Китай. Существовало с 771 до н. э. по 221 до н. э. в эпоху формального правления династии Чжоу в периоды Весны и Осени и Сражающихся царств. Правящая семья носила фамилию Ин (кит. 嬴). (ru) 秦国是春秋战国时期诸侯国，公室为嬴姓赵氏，是少昊的后裔，柳明瑞认为源自今山东地區。 公元前905年，周孝王因秦祖先非子善养马，因此将其封於秦邑（今甘肃天水市清水县），作为周朝的附庸，此后秦人与西戎进行了长久而残酷的斗争。前821年，秦庄公被周宣王封为西陲大夫，前770年，秦襄公护送周平王东迁有功，獲封為伯爵，秦正式成為一方諸侯。周朝给其封地在今甘肃河东地区到陕西一带。从前677年起，秦国在雍（今甘肃天水到陇南一带）建都近300年。雍城遗址有宫殿区、居住区、士大夫与国人墓葬区和秦公陵园。秦穆公时期，灭西戎十二国，奠定了秦国作为春秋四大强国的基础。秦國與西戎、義渠之間有通婚、結盟的關係，秦國崛起後，這些勢力皆被併入秦國。战国初期，魏国大举攻秦，夺取秦国河西之地。前356年，秦孝公任用商鞅实施商鞅变法，开启了秦国富国强兵之路，前350年，秦国迁都咸阳。前325年，秦伯驷称王（史称秦惠文王），前288年，秦昭襄王一度称帝，秦国发动伊阙、鄢郢、华阳、长平四大战役，歼灭山东六国军队上百万人，奠定了秦国统一的基础。秦王政於前221年攻灭六国，統一中国，建立了秦朝，是中国历史上第一個中央集权的大一統王朝。公元前207年，刘邦攻入关中，秦王子婴开城献降，秦朝灭亡。 (zh) Цінь (IX століття до н. е. — 221 до н. е. роки) — держава у Стародавньому Китаї періодів Чуньцю і Чжаньґо. Протягом усього існування боролася з іншими державами Китаю за гегемонію. На чолі стояла династія Ін. У 221 році до н. е., підкоривши держава Ці, об'єднало Китай в першу імперію. З цього часу відома як імперія або династія Цінь. (uk) Qin (854 p.n.e. - 207 p.n.e.) – chińskie państwo w Okresie Wiosen i Jesieni oraz Okresie Walczących Królestw. Wzrost potęgi państwa Qin wiąże się z legistycznymi w duchu reformami, wprowadzonymi w życie przez wpływowego męża stanu Shang Yanga. Dokonał on terytorialnego podziału administracji (w miejsce klanowego), wprowadził system odpowiedzialności zbiorowej i surowe kary (donoszenie było przymusowe), dbał o wojsko i chłopów, głównie kosztem kupców i artystów. Zniesiono system studnia-pole, czyniąc podatek ziemski głównym źródłem dochodu państwa. W 221 r. p.n.e. stojący na czele państwa Qin król Zheng zakończył brutalny i bezkompromisowy podbój pozostałych sześciu państw i ogłosił się Pierwszym Cesarzem. Dał w ten sposób początek pierwszej w Cesarstwie Chińskim Dynastii Qin. Rodowe nazwis (pl) |
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dbr:Jia_of_Wei dbr:Jian_of_Qi dbr:Jiandi_Dao dbr:Julu_Commandery dbr:Lament_for_Ying dbr:List_of_2010s_films_based_on_actual_events dbr:List_of_Chinese_discoveries dbr:List_of_Chinese_military_texts dbr:List_of_Chinese_monarchs dbr:List_of_Chinese_wars_and_battles dbr:List_of_Chu_Ci_contents dbr:List_of_Classical_Age_states dbr:Wu_Qi dbr:Spade_money dbr:Nine_Provinces dbr:Nine_Regrets dbr:A_Battle_of_Wits_(2006_film) dbr:Administration_of_territory_in_dynastic_China dbr:Agriculture_in_China dbr:Ancient_history dbr:221_BC dbr:222_BC dbr:223_BC dbr:224_BC dbr:226_BC dbr:227_BC dbr:232_BC dbr:233_BC dbr:234_BC dbr:237_BC dbr:238_BC dbr:239_BC dbr:241_BC dbr:247_BC dbr:250_BC dbr:256_BC dbr:257_BC |
| is dbp:combatant of |
dbr:Qin's_wars_of_unification dbr:Battle_of_Chengpu dbr:Battle_of_Fei_(233_BCE) dbr:Battle_of_Handan dbr:Battle_of_Chuisha dbr:Battle_of_Xiao |
| is dbp:deathPlace of |
dbr:Han_Fei |
| is dbp:nationality of |
dbr:Meng_Wu |
| is dbp:seealso of |
dbr:Yíng |
| is dbp:succession of |
dbr:Qin_Shi_Huang |
| is dbp:title of |
dbr:Qin_Shi_Huang dbr:Duke_Xiao_of_Qin dbr:Ziying_of_Qin dbr:King_Huiwen_of_Qin dbr:King_Zhuangxiang_of_Qin dbr:King_Wu_of_Qin dbr:King_Xiaowen_of_Qin dbr:King_Zhaoxiang_of_Qin |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of |
dbr:Qin_dynasty dbr:List_of_Chinese_monarchs |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of |
wikipedia-en:Qin_(state) |
