Human Mobility Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

The voter model has been studied extensively as a paradigmatic opinion dynamics model. However, its
ability to model real opinion dynamics has not been addressed. We introduce a noisy voter model
(accounting for social influence) with recurrent mobility of agents (as a proxy for social context), where
the spatial and population diversity are taken as inputs to the model. We show that the dynamics can be
described as a noisy diffusive process that contains the proper anisotropic coupling topology given by
population and mobility heterogeneity. The model captures statistical features of U.S. presidential elections
as the stationary vote-share fluctuations across counties and the long-range spatial correlations that decay
logarithmically with the distance. Furthermore, it recovers the behavior of these properties when the
geographical space is coarse grained at different scales—from the county level through congressional
districts, and up to states. Finally, we analyze the role of the mobility range and the randomness in decision
making, which are consistent with the empirical observations.

- by and +2
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- Agent-based modeling, Elections and Voting Behavior, Complex Adaptive Systems, Computational Social Science

People move, finances move, so does the cultures, artefacts, goods and food. Remittances literature expanded significantly in the last two decades to cover more of what we refer to as social remittances. Social remittances refer to often intangible elements, cultural artefacts, habits, opinions, attitudes, beliefs, values transferred by migrants from destination countries to their home countries. Through studies on migrant remittances, we know that even in terms of financial transfers, remittances operate in corridors and in a two-way fashion. One third of remittances are sent to countries which are called " advanced economies ". United Kingdom, Germany, France are among the top remittance receiving countries as well as leading the table of sending countries. In this paper, I explore the ways in which social remittances change the foodscapes of destination countries with particular reference to Döner Kebab in the United Kingdom. Until two decades ago, Döner Kebab was a rare meal you would enjoy when holidaying in Turkey or if you happen to be in that cosy corner of North London. Nevertheless, in 2010s Britain, it became a popular fast food, particularly when it comes to what to eat after a night out. One may find an outlet selling Döner Kebab literally in every city, every town, every neighbourhood, every village in Britain. Multiple forces were in play in the making of Döner Kebab a British national food: 1) practicality of the food itself, 2) growing number of immigrants from Turkey arriving in Britain, 3) labour market disadvantages immigrants face, 4) asylum dispersal policies of the 1990s and 2000s, 5) declining incentives making small shops not viable economically, and 6) increasing number of British tourists visiting Turkey. In this article, a number of hypotheses are proposed for a conceptual model explaining the ways in which foreign food becomes part of the national food/cultural heritage in destination.

- by Ibrahim Sirkeci
- •
- Marketing, Food Science, Transnational migration, Transnational Marketing

This is the first volume of the Proceedings of The Migration Conference 2020. The Migration Conference 2020 was held online due to COVID-19 Pandemic and yet, in over 80 parallel sessions and plenaries key migration debates saw nearly 500 experts from around the world engaging. This collection contains contributions mainly dealing with migration and integration debates. These are only a subset of all presentations from authors who chose to submit full short papers for publication after the conference. Most of the contributions are work in progress and unedited versions. The next migration conference is going to be hosted by Ming-Ai Institute in London, UK. Looking forward to continuing the debates on human mobility after the Pandemic. | www.migrationconference.net | @migrationevent | fb.me/MigrationConference | Email: migrationscholar@gmail.com

- by TMC M I G R A T I O N Conference
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- Migration Studies, Remittances, Human Mobility
- by João Carlos Jarochinski Silva
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- Climate Change, Migration, Sea Level, Environmental Migration

The Marshall Islands is a nation of widely dispersed, low-lying coral atolls and islands, and with climate change causing sea levels to rise and shifting weather patterns, the Marshall Islands is faced with flooding, heat stress and drought. The Marshall Islands Climate and Migration Project studies the multicausal nature of Marshallese migration, as well as its impact on migrants themselves and communities in the Marshall Islands. This policy brief highlights key findings on migration patterns, drivers and impacts, and discusses the tension between being prepared to move and fortifying to stay in place.

- by JUNO FITZPATRICK
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- Geography, Coastal Management, Climate Change, Ecosystem Services

This paper explores the rhythm of temporary mobility experiences of young Eastern Europeans in Spain, after the European Union (EU) enlargement towards the East. Following Lefebvre's rhythmanalysis approach, and drawing on 60 in-depth qualitative interviews, this paper investigates how rhythms are linked to youth mobility and how different interplays of rhythms are connected and disconnected in multiple ways. I argue that both the EU socioeconomic context and the personal and professional life-course circumstances of young Eastern Europeans who practice mobility create different, uneven rhythms that influence their everyday lives and their perceptions of mobility. This paper highlights the issue of rhythmic change in temporary mobility, uncovering 'arrhythmic' mobility, reflected in the loss and insecurity in the lives of those who practice it; 'polyrhythmic' mobility, practised by people looking to study and/or work and expressed through uncertainty on the one hand and the possibility of establishing a certain rhythm in their lives on the other; and 'eurhythmic' mobility, used by those with a stable professional status in one of the EU countries, in this case, Spain. The conclusions provide a better comprehension of Lefebvre's thinking, offering insights for wider applications. They show the need to advance the theoretical and empirical understandings of rhythm in relation to mobility during the lifecourse.

- by Silvia Marcu
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- Youth Studies, Migration Studies, Human Mobility

We’re pleased to welcome you to Harokopio University, Athens in August for the Migration Conference. The 5th conference in our series, the 2017 Conference is probably the largest scholarly gathering on migration with a global scope. Human mobility, border management, integration and security, diversity and minorities as well as spatial patterns, identity and economic implications have dominated the public agenda and gave an extra impetus for the study of movers and non-movers over the last decade or so. Throughout the program of the Migration Conference you will find various key thematic areas are covered in about 400 presentations by about 400 colleagues coming from all around the world from Australia to Canada, China to Mexico, South Africa to Finland. We are also proud to bring you opportunities to meet with some of the leading scholars in the field. Our line of keynote speakers include Saskia Sassen, Oded Stark, Giuseppe Sciortino, Neli Esipova, and Yüksel Pazarkaya. The Migration Conference also offers training and development opportunities and participants are encouraged to register for workshops. Dilek Cindoğlu will be running a workshop on grounded theory while Jeffrey H. Cohen and Ibrahim Sirkeci will be leading the meet the editors session. As usual we allow significant time to focus on the host country migration debates. Apostolos Papadopoulos, co-chair of the Conference will moderate the roundtable debate on Migration / Refugee Crisis and its Aftermath: Challenges for migration policy in Greece in the evening of the opening day.

- by Transnational Press London and +3
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- Social Movements, Refugee Studies, Diasporas, Romani Studies

Starting from the diachronic impact of salt on humanity's numerous activities and spiritual reflexes, the author calls for establishing a new humanist discipline: the anthropology of salt. This first exertion lists the themes developed around salt and the sciences/disciplines involved primarily or sectorially in researching this mineral. The anthropology of salt is a discipline of the future, which will gradually become autonomous as the inter-and trans-disciplinary approaches to common salt will prevail over the mono-or multidisciplinary ones.

- by Marius Alexianu
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- Ethology, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Archaeology

The study of the Bom Santo Cave (central Portugal), a Neolithic cemetery, indicates a complex social, palaeoeconomic, and population scenario. With isotope, aDNA, and provenance, analyses of raw materials coupled with stylistic variability of material culture items and palaeogeographical data, light is shed on the territory and social organization of a population dated to 3800–3400 cal BC, i.e. the Middle Neolithic. Results indicate an itinerant farming, segmentary society, where exogamic practices
were the norm. Its lifeway may be that of the earliest megalithic builders of the region, but further research is needed to correctly evaluate the degree of this community’s participation in such a phenomenon.

- by António Faustino Carvalho and +9
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- Stable Isotope Analysis, Pottery (Archaeology), Material Culture Studies, Neolithic Archaeology

It is hard to talk about human mobilities without taking into consideration how mobility is being shaped by and shaping processes of imagination. The key concepts of imagination and mobility have rich and complex genealogies. The matter is even made more complex because there are many related concepts surrounding them. Imagination is
associated with images, imagery and imaginaries, whereas mobility is connected to movement, motion and migration (not to mention its imagined opposite, immobility). To be able to see the forest for the trees, I focus in this critical reflection on a discussion of the concepts themselves. One of the analytical advantages of mobility studies, a
relatively novel field of study, is that it shows us how imagination (a dynamic psychological process) and imaginaries (products of the imagination) are crucial for very different forms of human (im)mobility.

- by Noel B. Salazar
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- Psychology, Anthropology, Psychological Anthropology, Mobility/Mobilities

- by Brittany Lauren Wheeler
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- Geography, Coastal Management, Climate Change, Ecosystem Services

Neanderthal shell tools have been discovered in several coastal sites along the Mediterranean Sea in the past 50 years. These technological artefacts have rarely been investigated, and only typological considerations have been published. Recent studies have investigated retouched shell tools at Grotta del Cavallo with a new multidisciplinary methodology, and they have found that the use of Callista chione valves was not related to subsistence strategies but rather to the search for a specific cutting edge, reconstructing the whole chaîne opératoire. In this paper, we focus on some technical aspects of shell tool production that have not been investigated to date: (i) the technical reaction of the shell to retouching on the basis of its microstructural and physical properties, (ii) the identification of technical gestures used during production and (iii) the economic value of shell technology from a technical perspective. The experiments were conducted along with the analysis of the whole lithic assemblage and the economic, technological and technical characteristics of the lithic techno-complex are presented. The results of shell analysis and shell integration within the stone tool techno-economical strategies clearly show that at Grotta del Cavallo, this Neanderthal technical adaptation to coastal resources could be considered an expression of the Quina system. The data presented in this study are discussed in relation to Middle Palaeolithic
behavioural variability, and we emphasise four primary, strictly interdependent concepts: mobility strategies, flexibility of the Quina techno-economic system, social organisation and cognitive features of human groups. The Quina shell technology is the result of a complex modality of adaptation to environmental diversity, and it is related to the Neanderthal capacity for innovation. In this paper, we discuss how and why the innovation of shell technology might have occurred within the Quina system. The data presented in this study represent the first investigation of the technical modalities of Neanderthal adaptation to the seashore.

- by Shan Jiang and +1
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- Singapore, Mobile Phones, Urban mobility, Big Data

This article addresses how gender norms impact the process of migration, and what this means for the use of migration as an adaptation strategy to cope with environmental stressors. Data was collected through qualitative fieldwork, taking the form of semi-structured and open-ended interviews and focus group discussions from a Dhaka slum and three villages in Southern Bangladesh's Bhola district. Our data revealed that women migrate when environmental stress threatens livelihoods and leave male household members unable to earn enough income for their families. Employing an analytical framework that focuses on the perceptions of individuals, this article shows how gender norms create social costs for women who migrate. Women thus have ambivalent feelings about migration. On the one hand, they do not wish to migrate, taking on a double work load, forsaking their purdah, and facing the stigma that follows. On the other hand, women see migration as a means to help their families, and live a better life. While social costs negatively affect the utilization and efficiency of female migration as an adaptation strategy to environmental stressors, it becomes clear that female migration is imperative to sustain livelihoods within the Bhola community.

- by Kees van der Geest
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- Climate Change, Poverty, Disaster risk management, Migration

The concepts of migration and mobility clearly intersect, but they are not synonyms. While migration by definition entails mobility, migration studies has privileged studying other aspects of the migratory process. This article analyzes migratory (im)mobilities and methodologies to study them and it critically reflects on the usefulness of mobility studies as an analytical lens to study human migration. Lack of empirical data suggests that we need more systematic comparative studies of how migratory mobilities are generated in everyday life and facilitated as well as constrained by specific mobility circuits and institutions.

- by Noel B. Salazar
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- Anthropology, Social Sciences, Mobility/Mobilities, Migration mobilities

This policy report highlights the main findings of the research project by the United Nations University Institute for Environment and Human Security (UNU-EHS) and the AXA Research Fund.
The research explores the connections between the international response to climate change, migration and human rights. Taking the Pacific region as its geographic focus, Fiji and Vanuatu - two of the countries most affected by climate change - serve as case studies to further examine the process of international environmental law implementation in the region. The existence of two legal systems in the Pacific islands - the custom or traditional law originally derived from indigenous communities and the national or state law, introduced by colonial powers - is a potential source of conflicting perspectives that could challenge the implementation of international standards. This report aims to look at these potential discrepancies, identifying gaps and legal risks, and analyzing their impact on human rights, migration and the overall response to climate change.
The findings build on field research conducted in Fiji and Vanuatu, countries chosen due to the similarities of their legal systems. This research comprised a sample of 39 surveys answered by the local population, as well as semi-structured interviews with representatives of the government and international bodies in the region, legal experts and chief police officers.
In light of the findings, this report formulates seven policy recommendations for both the Pacific island states and the international community with which to further advance in successfully addressing climate change and climate induced migration building on custom and state law from a human rights perspective.

All’interno del quadro delle strategie internazionali e delle politiche dell’Unione Europea − che riconoscono il contributo positivo della migrazione per la crescita inclusiva e lo sviluppo sostenibile dei paesi − il saggio si sviluppa a partire da un caso di ricerca sulla migrazione dei giovani della Costa d’Avorio, realizzato dal Dipartimento di Scienze della Formazione e Psicologia dell’Università degli Studi di Firenze in collaborazione con l’Università Félix Houphouët Boigny di Abidjan (Costa d’Avorio) e l’ONG Terre des Hommes Italia ONLUS. Il contributo problematizza il tema della dimensione formativa presente nel processo di costruzione del progetto migratorio e delle variabili che incidono nella scelta di lasciare il proprio paese di origine. Il fenomeno viene analizzato attraverso un approccio critico-trasformativo che considera il soggetto come un adulto protagonista del proprio processo formativo, inserito in un contesto che interpreta e trasforma a partire dalle proprie esperienze, motivazioni e aspettative di vita. Lo studio si inserisce − in chiave interdisciplinare − all’interno della cornice teorica dei migration studies con un focus specifico sui costrutti di aspirazione e capacità migratorie. La definizione delle condizioni educative del potenziale migrante può aiutare a comprendere in che modo e in quali situazioni si verifica la nascita dell’aspirazione migratoria, a prescindere dalla presenza o meno della capacità di migrare. La costruzione di progetti migratori intenzionali e consapevoli − visti in funzione dello sviluppo, della crescita e dell’autodeterminazione del soggetto − può dipendere dalla presenza di dispositivi formativi capaci di trasformare le condizioni educative del pubblico potenziale migrante, attraverso l’intervento nei contesti di vita e di lavoro e sui fattori ostacolanti e favorenti che concorrono alla definizione dei drivers della migrazione.

The analysis of geological patterns has become a focus of research in European Palaeolithic archaeology in order to identify
strategies in raw-material procurement and to interpret past technical behaviour. The reconstruction of past geological landscapes
enables the correlation of archaeological assemblages with raw-material provenance and large-scale transport patterns. The evidence
for procurement strategies and the patterns of raw-material exploitation and transport have been used to assess mobility and cognitive
abilities among Palaeolithic groups, revealing differing strategies between Middle and Upper Palaeolithic hunter-gatherers. While
Neanderthals seem to have organised their technology in a local or semi-local territory, modern humans have shown a more intense
exploitation of distant sources. This scenario has been challenged over the last few years. Several studies have highlighted more complex
environmental exploitation by Neanderthals through the catchment of distant lithic resources. The universities of Florence and
Siena are engaged in a long-term project of geological survey that aims to identify lithic sources used during the Palaeolithic. Geological
research has been carried out in parallel with technological analysis of archaeological lithic assemblages from the Mousterian layers
of Grotta del Cavallo (Apulia, south-east Italy) and the Upper Palaeolithic layers of Grotta del Romito (Campania, south-west Italy).
The project aims to answer specific questions regarding raw-material procurement: is it possible to predict human behaviour based on
the distance between the settlement and the raw-material source? How did raw materials influence the variability of lithic assemblages?
And, with regard to this latter question, which strategies were applied by hunter-gatherers regarding the use of the landscape and
the available resources found within it? The integrated analysis of archaeological finds and ancient geological landscapes enables
us to develop a complex scenario in which the rigid definition of the knapping concept and the economic strategies (e.g. curated and
expedient behaviour) seems to be more strictly related to cultural constraints (shared knowledge, technical innovations and social and
economic organisation) than to geophysical ones. We present here the methodology of geo-archaeological surveys and the preliminary
results obtained for production sequences and procurement strategies at Grotta del Cavallo during the Middle Palaeolithic. At Grotta del
Cavallo it could be evidenced that the human groups had great high mobility, which exceeded 50 km. Differences in techno-economy
throughout the stratigraphical sequence of this site suggest that human strategies were influenced by several factors, including site
use, demographic patterns and technical tradition, which generated various methods of adaptation to the available resources. The
future implementation of this line of research, the integration of subsistence strategies and climate change analyses with that of stone
tool assemblages and mobility, will make it possible to understand human behaviour and to explain the considerable variability of the
archaeological record.

- by Francesco Trenti and +4
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Human Evolution, Palaeolithic Archaeology

We present isotopic and morphometric evidence suggesting the migration of farmers in the southern Andes in the period AD 1270–1420, leading up to the Inka conquest occurring ~ AD 1400. This is based on the interdisciplinary study of human remains from archaeological cemeteries in the Andean Uspallata Valley (Argentina), located in the southern frontier of the Inka Empire. The studied samples span AD 800–1500, encompassing the highly dynamic Late Intermediate Period and culminating with the imperial expansion. Our research combines a macro-regional study of human paleomobility and migration based on a new strontium isoscape across the Andes that allows identifying locals and migrants, a geometric morphometric analysis of cranio-facial morphology suggesting separate ancestral lineages, and a paleodietary reconstruction based on stable isotopes showing that the migrants had diets exceptionally high in C4 plants and largely based on maize agriculture. Significantly, this migration influ...

- by Luis Cornejo
- •
- Geography, Archaeology, Anthropology, Stable Isotopes

Data volume grows explosively with the proliferation of powerful smartphones and innovative mobile applications. The ability to accurately and extensively monitor and analyze these data is necessary. Much concern in cellular data analysis is related to human beings and their behaviours. Due to the potential value that lies behind these massive data, there have been different proposed approaches for understanding corresponding patterns. To that end, analyzing people’s activities, e.g., counting them at fixed locations and tracking them by generating origin-destination matrices is crucial. The former can be used to determine the utilization of assets like roads and city attractions. The latter is valuable when planning transport infrastructure. Such insights allow a government to predict the adoption of new roads, new public transport routes, modification of existing infrastructure, and detection of congestion zones, resulting in more efficient designs and improvement. Smartphone data exploration can help research in various fields, e.g., urban planning, transportation, health care, and business marketing. It can also help organizations in decision making, policy implementation, monitoring, and evaluation at all levels. This work aims to review the methods and techniques that have been implemented to discover knowledge from mobile phone data. We classify these existing methods and present a taxonomy of the related work by discussing their pros and cons.

- by IEEE/CAA J. Autom. Sinica
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- Urban Planning, Human Mobility, Big data analysis, Smart Infrastructure

We analyse the isotopic values (δ 13 C, δ 15 N) of the diet of pre-Columbian horticulturalist populations from tropical and subtropical areas of southeastern South America, belonging to the Guarani and Taquara archaeological units. The data indicate different trends in each one (T = 4.21; P = 0.0004), showing a mixed diet with maize consumption in the Guarani samples (δ 13 C co = −15.5 ± 1.8‰; δ 13 C ap −10.4 ± 0.8‰) and a depleted one in the Taquara ones (δ 13 C co −18.2 ± 1.7‰; δ 13 C ap −11.9 ± 0.9‰), with a significant internal dispersion in both populations. The first population has higher nitrogen values (δ 15 N 11.1 ± 0.6‰) compared to the Taquara samples (δ 15 N 9.3 ± 1‰), suggesting a more carnivorous diet. The recognition of these pre-Columbian mixed diets involves the identification of maize cultivation on the Atlantic side of the southernmost area of South America (Parana Delta, 34° SL). Through the analysis of δ 18 O we have identified two isotopic ecozones, the first along the Paraná River Valley, with an average value of δ 18 O −3.7 ± 0.5‰ (CV = 13.5%; CI = −3.83 / −3.16), and the second one, located in the Planalto of southern Brazil (Araucaria Forest), with a mean value of δ 18 O −1.5 ± 0.3‰ (CV = 16.5%; CI = −1.69 / −1.29). The isotopic data (δ 13 C, δ 15 N and δ 18 O) suggest human movements between these two ecozones.

- by Daniel Loponte and +1
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- Stable Isotopes, Stable Isotopes in Foodwebs, Arqueología, Arqueologia Brasileira (Brazilian Archeology)

In this introduction, we outline the general conceptual framework that ties the various contributions to this special issue together. We argue for the importance of anthropology to “take on” mobility and discuss the advantages of the ethnographic approach in doing so. What is the analytical purchase of mobility as one of the root metaphors in contemporary anthropological theorizing? What are the (dis)advantages of looking at the current human condition through the lens of mobility? There is a great risk that the fast-growing field of mobility studies neglects different interpretations of what is going on, or that only patterns that fit the mobilities paradigm will be considered, or that only extremes of (hyper)mobility or (im)mobility will be given attention. The ethnographic sensibilities of fieldworkers who learn about mobility while studying other processes and issues, and who can situate movement in the multiple contexts between which people move, can both extend the utility of the mobilities approach, and insist on attention to other dynamics that might not be considered if the focus is first and last on (im)mobility as such. In this special issue, we do not want to discuss human mobility as a brute fact but rather analyze how mobilities, as sociocultural constructs, are experienced and imagined.

- by Alan Smart and +1
- •
- Anthropology, Social Anthropology, Social Sciences, Ethnography

"The purpose of this article is to investigate
temporal shifts in skeletal robusticity to infer behavioral
changes in two populations (Neolithic, NEOL
and Medieval, MED) settled in the same geographic area
but involved in different subsistence economies (pastoralism
and coastal resources exploitation). This comparison
allows us to test the hypothesis that occupational
stress and mobility in the same environment produce
predictable changes in the robusticity of both upper and
lower limbs. Results show a lower degree of humeral
robusticity and a similar degree of humeral asymmetry
in the two sexes in the MED population. These results
are consistent with the relatively less stressful subsistence
economy documented in the MED population relative
to that of the NEOL. Lower limb results suggest that femoral robusticity does not correlate directly with the level of logistical mobility, but is instead due to the summation of several diverse factors that place biomechanical loads on the hindlimb, particularly unevenness of the terrain. However, female femoral gracility seems to indicate that below a certain ‘‘threshold’’ of mobility, i.e., movement over the natural terrain, terrain conformation is no longer the main contributing factor to femoral robusticity. The femoral shape index Ix/Iy declines through time, particularly in males. This agrees with
the expected mobility of the samples based on archaeological
and historical data, providing further evidence on the reliability of this index in inferring terrestrial mobility."

- by Damiano Marchi
- •
- Bioarchaeology, Bone Mechanics, Neolithic Europe, Cross-Sectional Geometry

The impacts of disasters are increasing due to climate change and urbanization. Big and open data offer considerable potential for analyzing and predicting human mobility during disaster events, including the COVID-19 pandemic, leading to better disaster risk reduction (DRR) planning. However, the value of human mobility data and analysis (HMDA) in urban-resilience research is poorly understood. This review highlights key opportunities for and challenges hindering the use of HMDA in DRR in urban planning and risk science, as well as insights from practitioners. A gap in research on HMDA for data-driven DRR planning was identified. By examining human mobility studies and their respective analytical and planning tools, this report offers deeper insights into the challenges that must be addressed to improve the development of effective data-driven DRR planning, from data collection to implementation. In future work on HMDA, i) the human mobility of vulnerable populations should be targeted, ii) research should focus on disaster mitigation and prevention, iii) analytical methods for evidence-based disaster planning should be developed, iv) different types of data should be integrated into analyses to overcome methodological challenges, and v) a decision-making framework should be developed for evidence-based urban planning through transdisciplinary knowledge co-production.

- by Masahiko Haraguchi
- •
- Resilience, Disaster risk management, Urban Planning, Disaster Management

Este artigo trata de resultados parciais de um estudo sobre publicações em periódicos brasileiros acerca dos fluxos migratórios internacionais e gênero, considerando os impactos destes nas pesquisas e publicações em periódicos brasileiros. Com o aumento do fluxo de mobilidade humana, as migrações constituem um dos campos de interesse e de pesquisas científicas brasileiras, resultando em uma temática não só da Demografia, mas também da Sociologia, da Antropologia, da Ciência Política, do Direito, da Psicologia, do Serviço Social dentre outras áreas do conhecimento que trazem suas contribuições teóricas ou empíricas desse fenômeno. Portanto, este estudo problematiza de onde partem as produções que estão conseguindo inserir-se em periódicos considerados de impacto relevante em suas áreas de adesão, no Brasil. A construção desse mapa cognitivo apontará grupos de pesquisas, universidades, estados e regiões do país, o que ajudará a pensarmos em uma possível hipótese de seletividade region...

- by Márcia Esteves De Calazans
- •
- Migration, Gender, Brazil, Brasil

This research takes a multi-dimensional approach to the study of the archaeological record of Western Europe during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), combining two distinct components of the human adaptive system (technological organization and mobility) to test the impact of environmental variability on the mobility of Upper Palaeolithic groups. To this end we make use of two models. The first predicts landscape suitability as a function of a suite of environmental variables including topography, climate and inter-annual climate variability. The second model explores the link between patterns of mobility and technological organization, using lithic retouch frequencies as a proxy for mobility strategies. Combining detailed environmental and lithic data allows us to derive a clearer picture of human adaptation to environmental conditions during a particularly rigorous climatic interval in Western Europe. Our results show that while foragers generally favoured more suitable habitats, logistical mobility strategies were deployed across a wide spectrum of habitat suitability. Residential mobility strategies, on the other hand, tend to occur in relatively less suitable and thus inherently more variable habitats. We conclude that foragers made use of a predominantly logistic strategy during the LGM while adopting more residential strategies in response to local and relatively short-term fluctuations in the environment. The approach adopted here offers several promising avenues for future research on the ecology of human groups during the LGM.

- by Julien Riel-Salvatore and +1
- •
- Climate Change Adaptation, Paleolithic Europe, Upper Paleolithic, Human Mobility

In Part 1 of this volume, James Carrier argues that anthropology finds itself in the midst of two crises. The first is internal, emerging from concerns over the future of our field and the role anthropology can play beyond the academy. The second is external, emerging from the economic crisis that began in 2008 (and which, though officially over, continues to challenge populations around the world). Although they have very different origins, Carrier says that both are reflections of neoliberal ideology and policy. The discipline's external crisis was brought about by the failure of neoliberal economic policy; the internal crisis reflects the influence in the discipline of a world view that echoes the neoliberal approach to people defined as independent actors who should be free of social constraints that can limit their ability to act as they wish. Echoing the tenets of neoliberal ideology, the proponents of neoliberal reform argue that they seek to promote individual freedom at the local and the national level, by removing the constraint of government control of economy and society. This not only promotes that freedom, they argue, it also facilitates economic growth. Those proponents recognise that there may be societal losses, and that impoverished, rural communities may be particularly at risk, but they argue that this is a small price to pay for the greater freedom and prosperity that will come to urban populations and to the country more generally (see the discussion in Huber and Solt 2003). Neoliberal ideologies and their emphasis on the individual as a decision-maker tend to limit the strength and logic of anthropological investigations that focus on individuals as members of social groups. One aspect of this is the neoliberal argument that the community is coercive and limits the individual, which leaves little space for the anthropological study of society and the contests that surround social belonging. Another aspect is the way that neoliberal ideologies construe people as economic beings, rational decision-makers who are motivated by the drive for personal gain and success rather than shared values and practices, which can only hinder their efforts to achieve that success. In this chapter, we examine the rise of neoliberal ideology and the growth of neoliberal reforms as they relate to the study and practice of migration. We argue that migration neither can nor should be reduced to the decision of an individual mover or migrant. Instead, we argue that it should be approached as a

- by Ibrahim Sirkeci
- •
- Migration, Irregular Migration, Labor Migration, International Migration

This paper examines the role played by human mobility as a climate change adaptation strategy in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas. Livelihoods in Zimbabwe’s small-scale farming areas are mostly agriculture-based and have long suffered from low levels of production. This is largely due to poor agroecological conditions and lack of agricultural investment, including income diversification projects from the central government. Recently, extreme climatic events in these areas have exacerbated food insecurity challenges, prompting many households to relocate. The findings of this study indicate that most households in the small-scale farming regions are resorting to either short- or long-term migration to areas that offer them food security. In these areas, poor households are forced to work on large commercial farms where they are paid in maize grain or trade their products for food to support their families. This paper argues that, if properly used together with other climate change policies promoted in Zimbabwe, human mobility can be an effective climate change adaptation strategy in small-scale farming areas.

- by Cathy Conrad Suso
- •
- Climate Change Adaptation, Food Security, Zimbabwe, Human Mobility

Many environmental justice studies have sought to examine the effect of residential segregation on unequal exposure to environmental factors among different social groups, but little is known about how segregation in non‐residential contexts affects such disparity. Based on a review of the relevant literature, this paper discusses the limitations of traditional residence‐based approaches in examining the association between socioeconomic or racial/ethnic segregation and unequal environmental exposure in environmental justice research. It emphasizes that future research needs to go beyond residential segregation by considering the full spectrum of segregation experienced by people in various geographic and temporal contexts of everyday life. Along with this comprehensive understanding of segregation, the paper also highlights the importance of assessing environmental exposure at a high spatiotemporal resolution in environmental justice research. The successful integration of a comprehensive concept of segregation, high‐resolution data and fine‐grained spatiotemporal approaches to assessing segregation and environmental exposure would provide more nuanced and robust findings on the associations between segregation and disparities in environmental exposure and their health impacts. Moreover, it would also contribute to significantly expanding the scope of environmental justice research.

- by Mei-Po Kwan
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- Segregation, Health Disparities, Environmental Justice, Human Mobility

Benjamin Irvine & Bike Yazicioglu-Santamaria (2021) BioIsoANE – An Open-access Repository of Bioarchaeological Isotopic Analyses in the Greater Ancient Near East Heritage Turkey 11: 26-27. 10.18866/biaa2021.12 research collaboration with... more

- by Petrus Le Roux
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- Geography, Archaeology, Anthropology, Stable Isotopes
- by francesca romagnoli
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- Geography, Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Human Evolution

Mobile phone data has enabled the timely and fine-grained study human mobility. Call Detail Records, generated at call events, allow building descriptions of mobility at different resolutions and with different spatial, temporal and social granularity. Individual trajectories are the basis for long-term observation of mobility patterns and identify factors of human dynamics. Here we propose a systematic analysis to characterize mobility network flows and topology and assess their impact into individual traces. Discrete flow-based descriptors are used to classify and understand human mobility patterns at multiple scales. This framework is suitable to assess urban planning, optimize transportation, measure the impact of external events and conditions, monitor internal dynamics and profile users according to their movement patterns.

- by David Pastor-Escuredo
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- Social Networks, Mobile Phones, Computational Social Science, Big Data

Resumen El proceso de traslado de personas hacia distintos territorios en busca de mejores condiciones por razones materiales o desventuras ocasionadas por fenómenos naturales ha sido motivo de conceptualizaciones destinadas a explicar únicamente el cambio de un territorio a otro de sujetos protagonistas, dejando fuera acontecimientos que los circundan con posibilidades explicativas 1 Este escrito es producto del trabajo colaborativo de la Red Internacional América Latina, África, Europa, El Caribe (ALEC) "Territorio(s), poblaciones vulnerables y políticas públicas"

- by Carlos Mejía Reyes
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- Migration, Discrimination, International Migration, Migration Studies
- by Irene Panozzo
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- Conflict, Sudan, Human Mobility