Human Performance Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

ABSTRACT Human factors and ergonomics applies scientific information about human cognition and behavior to support the design of products and systems that enhance human well-being and performance. Human factors and ergonomics... more

ABSTRACT Human factors and ergonomics applies scientific information about human cognition and behavior to support the design of products and systems that enhance human well-being and performance. Human factors and ergonomics professionals investigate human–system interaction at the individual, group, and organizational levels. The aim is to design products that augment human physical, cognitive, and motivational capabilities and improve the social, technical, and organizational aspects of a system. Human factors and ergonomics has been used to improve safety and productivity particularly in complex sociotechnical systems.

: Simulating the effects of behavior moderators within a cognitive architecture is essential for building cognitive models that can realistically capture the full range of human performance. We demonstrate that some of these effects can... more

: Simulating the effects of behavior moderators within a cognitive architecture is essential for building cognitive models that can realistically capture the full range of human performance. We demonstrate that some of these effects can be modeled by varying parameters of the cognitive architecture and some by modifying the knowledge that is built into the models. As an example of implementing the two approaches, we present an ACT-R model that performs serial subtraction under varying levels of task-appraisal and with and without anxiety realized as worry. The model also includes caffeine which is not discussed in the present article. The interested reader is directed to Ritter, Quigley, Klein McNeese, Van Rooy, Councill, Avraamides Stine, and Rodriguez (submitted).

Twelve individuals took part in an experiment which investigated the feasibility of using physiological sensors to apply a pacing mitigation strategy to help prevent cognitive-overload-induced performance declines. The participants... more

Twelve individuals took part in an experiment which investigated the feasibility of using physiological sensors to apply a pacing mitigation strategy to help prevent cognitive-overload-induced performance declines. The participants performed tasks using a ...

A computational approach to cognition is developed that has both broad scope and precision. The theory is based on a few simple assumptions and draws its conclusions from an analysis of limits on computational activity. These limits are a... more

A computational approach to cognition is developed that has both broad scope and precision. The theory is based on a few simple assumptions and draws its conclusions from an analysis of limits on computational activity. These limits are a delay limit and a processing ...

Safety is typically talked about in a context of the absence of injury. The field of resilience engineering has been advocating that we think about safety differently, by taking a systems view and begin to see how people create safety in... more

Safety is typically talked about in a context of the absence of injury. The field of resilience engineering has been advocating that we think about safety differently, by taking a systems view and begin to see how people create safety in unsafe systems by managing risk. There is growing recognition that safety is an emergent behavior of our complex system of human performance. A model of human performance focused on resilience and adaptation will be presented. The ability to learn and adapt is at the heart of individual and organizational high performance. Kurt Lewin is often recognized as "the founder of modern social psychology." Over 60 years ago Lewin, in his classic model of how people make significant change, pointed out the importance of providing psychological safety. In his model, psychological safety is essential to reduce learning anxiety. In short, psychological safety is necessary for learning to take place. Related to this conference theme, storytelling only takes place within a container of psychological safety. Without psychological safety, there is no story telling. This paper explores the crucial but often ignored ingredient to making profound change (individual and organizational)-the concept and application of psychological safety: what it is, why it's important, and how to cultivate it.

Research in learning algorithms and sensor hardware has led to rapid advances in artificial systems over the past decade. However, their performance continues to fall short of the efficiency and versatility of human behavior. In many... more

Research in learning algorithms and sensor hardware has led to rapid advances in artificial systems over the past decade. However, their performance continues to fall short of the efficiency and versatility of human behavior. In many ways, a deeper understanding of how human perceptual systems process and act upon physical sensory information can contribute to the development of better artificial systems. In the presented research, we highlight how the latest tools in computer vision, computer graphics, and virtual reality technology can be used to systematically understand the factors that determine how humans perform in realistic scenarios of complex task-solving.

This paper reviews the concept of sustained attention, placing it within a theoretical framework in which deficits of attention are conceived of as deficits of controlled information processing. Two types of deficit of sustained attention... more

This paper reviews the concept of sustained attention, placing it within a theoretical framework in which deficits of attention are conceived of as deficits of controlled information processing. Two types of deficit of sustained attention are distinguished: perceptual sensitivity and perceptual criterion. These two deficits are linked to a model of human performance that links controlled processes to the energetic pools: arousal and activation. Perceptual sensitivity (d′) deficits are said to reflect arousal deficiencies, especially when observed in the early period of a vigil. Perceptual criterion deficits are associated with the activation pool and the response criterion measure β. Despite clear evidence of perceptual deficiency in the hyperactive children to a greater extent than in the control group, and that performance in d′ declined with time on task, a significant interaction failed to occur between group classification and time on task. Thus, the results failed to support the hypothesis of a sustained attention deficit in hyperactives, since if hyperactives have a sustained attention deficit, both d′ and β should have shown a significantly greater decline in the hyperactive group than in the controls with time on task.

In order to reduce energy consumption on DC railways where regenerative braking is not available, train control strategy or ‘driver style’ is a practical alternative. In 2011, instrumentation to monitor energy consumption on the... more

In order to reduce energy consumption on DC railways where regenerative braking is not available, train control
strategy or ‘driver style’ is a practical alternative. In 2011, instrumentation to monitor energy consumption on the
Merseyrail network was fitted to a British Rail Class 508 DC camshaft-operated electrical multiple unit. In this paper,
seven services from Hunts Cross to Southport are highlighted to demonstrate a number of driver styles and their
correlation with energy consumption. The differences in energy consumption were observed to be related to driver
aggression in both the acceleration and deceleration phases.

The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) located at Monterey, California teaches more than 40 languages in Monterey, making it as one of the largest language institutes in the world. Instructors and students who are... more

The Defense Language Institute Foreign Language Center (DLIFLC) located at Monterey, California teaches more than 40 languages in Monterey, making it as one of the largest language institutes in the world. Instructors and students who are at the DLIFLC are fortunate enough to have a rich technology environment, with access to a desktop computer, a smart board, an individual Mac and iPod. DLIFLC even provides the latest instructional technology equipment, online resources, faculty development and training. Thus, this organization does not present a problem with inadequate resources. Based on the findings of dissertation research done by Gamal Kalini in 2016 and an action research done on 2015 both studies findings indicated several factors that hindered teachers to integrate technology at classroom .One of this barriers was the misunderstanding between the use and integration of technology due to ineffective of technology training. Most teachers are foreign born who came from foreign countries to teach foreign languages to Adult military students .Some of these teachers never integrate technology at their hometown and they believed of teaching the way they were taught. Most technology trainings presented at DLIFLC are not effective .The ineffective technology trainings conducted by one size fits all ignoring the actual need and the differences among participants. Conduct a performance analysis to identify the performance gap. Regardless, a performance gap does exist between computer use and technology integration. Instructors use the technology provided to complete basic tasks, like checking their email or finding a relevant article or video for the class lesson. Few instructors, however, have

Despite the increasing interest in specific forms of proactive employee behavior in domains such as career development and organizational change, little research has investigated proactive behavior in the realm of customer service. Based... more

Despite the increasing interest in specific forms of proactive employee behavior in domains such as career development and organizational change, little research has investigated proactive behavior in the realm of customer service. Based on a review of the literatures on proactive behavior, customer service, and job performance, this study investigated relationships between a relevant set of individual and situational predictor

Problem-solving ability is a much sought-after trait in executives, especially if it includes the ability to solve human performance problems. This paper proposes a systematic root cause analysis process that effectively and consistently... more

Problem-solving ability is a much sought-after trait in executives, especially if it includes the ability to solve human performance problems. This paper proposes a systematic root cause analysis process that effectively and consistently uncovers the root causes of human performance problems and controls the causes in a way that prevents the problems from recurring. Applying action research the study brings into being a Human Performance Variation Analysis (HPVA) process, which consists of three phases: (1) performance variation assessment, (2) performance variation analysis, and (3) performance variation resolution. The HPVA provides much-needed capability in solving human performance problems in organisations.

A novel actuator system which has achieved increased popularity to provide these advantages such as high strength and power/weight ratio, low cost, compactness, ease of maintenance, cleanliness, readily available, cheap power source,... more

A novel actuator system which has achieved increased popularity to provide these advantages such as high strength and power/weight ratio, low cost, compactness, ease of maintenance, cleanliness, readily available, cheap power source, inherent safety and mobility assistance to humans performing tasks has been the utilization of the pneumatic artificial muscle (PAM) manipulator, in recent times. However, the complex nonlinear dynamics of the PAM manipulator makes it a challenging and appealing system for modeling and control design. The problems with the time variance, compliance, high hysteresis and nonlinearity of pneumatic systems have made it difficult to realize precise position control with high speed. In order to realize satisfactory control performance, the effect of nonlinear factors contained in thePAM manipulator must be considered. The purpose of this study is to improve the control performance of thePAM manipulator using a nonlinearPID controller. Superb mixture of conventionalPID controller and the neural network, which has powerful capability of learning, adaptation and tackling nonlinearity, brings us a novel nonlinearPID controller using neural network. This proposed controller is appropriate for a kind of plants with nonlinearity uncertainties and disturbances. The experiments were carried out in practicalPAM manipulator and the effectiveness of the proposed control algorithm was demonstrated through the experiments, which suggests its superior performance and disturbance rejection.

Background: Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO 2max) is the main determinant of an athlete's aerobic capacity. The ability to consume, transport and utilise oxygen is crucial to successful rugby league performance but direct measurement of VO... more

Background: Maximal Oxygen Consumption (VO 2max) is the main determinant of an athlete's aerobic capacity. The ability to consume, transport and utilise oxygen is crucial to successful rugby league performance but direct measurement of VO 2max is complex, expensive and often inaccessible to many non-elite athletes. Consequently, simple, affordable field based measures have been developed to assist athletes and practitioners to predict VO 2max. Shuttle running procedures, such as the Multistage Shuttle Run Test and Yo-Yo tests, have provided practitioners with valid and reliable alternatives to assist in VO 2max prediction. However, these tests may not be specific to the movements and dynamics of rugby league play.

The objective of this presentation is to verify the effects of tapering on the performance of basketball players. Tapering is a real necessity in the competitive basketball environment. Basically, tapering consists of a reduction in... more

The objective of this presentation is to verify the effects of tapering on the
performance of basketball players. Tapering is a real necessity in the competitive basketball environment. Basically, tapering consists of a reduction in training loads in a period prior to competition to minimize chronic physiological stress and thereby improve performance. There are three types of tapering pedagogical strategies that are well documented in the scientific literature: linear, exponential and step. However, for tapering to be effective, it is necessary to know how to manage the volume, intensity, frequency and duration of the imposed loads. The real performance gains with a properly organized tapering range from 0.5% to values greater than 10%. After tapering is applied, athletes tend to present individual physiological responses
that are governed by the level of trainability, genetic potential and the athlete's gender. In addition to the positive adaptive responses on the issue of fitness, tapering contributes to crucial improvements in the field of technical-tactical performance of basketball players. Finally, tapering is directly dependent on a systematically planned and monitored distribution of training loads. Keywords: Basketball, Tapering, Sports Training, Sports Performance, Exercise Physiology