Impact Studies Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

An intense low pressure system formed in the Bass Strait region of southeastern Australia during the Boxing Day long weekend of 25-28 December 1998. The explosive development of this low commenced on 26 December (Boxing Day) and reached peak intensity on 27 December 1998 with mean wind speeds reported in the 50-60kt range. The event is referred to, for simplicity, as the Boxing Day storm.

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- Sea surface temperature, Atmospheric sciences, Numerical Simulation, Weather Forecasting

V arious models for funding special education services have been described in the literature. This paper aims at moving the debate concerning special education funding reform beyond the descriptive level by reviewing studies that investigated the impact of various models for funding special education. Systematic searches were conducted of ERIC and PsycINFO to identify studies that investigated the impact, implications, or outcome of one or more special education funding models. Ten studies were identified covering five major funding models. The results showed that the funding reforms investigated in these studies each had associated benefits, but also potential detriments. However, these studies mainly involved indirect outcome measures, often failed to fully assess impact on academic achievement or cost-effectiveness. Results highlight the need for additional research on the impact of special education funding reform.

- by denis moore
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- Special Education, Educational Research, Medicine, Models

The objective of this paper is to describe a methodological framework that can be used to make new urban rail systems more successful. Eight systems are used in the design of the framework. Previous research and impact studies about the systems as well as information provided through interviews with planners and operators have been used to establish which of the systems have been successful. The information is also used to identify the factors which have influenced the degree of success or otherwise of the eight systems. Based on the identified links between various factors and success, the methodology provides predictions about how successful an urban rail system is likely to be and suggestions on how its success can be enhanced. The framework has been validated against data supplied in response to a written questionnaire for nine other systems. It has been found to give convincing results.

- by Roger Mackett
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- Human Geography, Transport Geography, Urban And Regional Planning, Impact Studies

We report here preliminary studies of biocidal effects and cellular internalization of ZnO nanoparticles on Escherichia coli bacteria. ZnO nanoparticles were synthesized in di(ethylene glycol) (DEG) medium by forced hydrolysis of ionic Zn 2+ salts. Particle size and shape were controlled by addition of small molecules and macromolecules such as tri-n-octylphosphine oxide, sodium dodecyl sulfate, polyoxyethylene stearyl ether, and bovine serum albumin. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and X-ray diffraction analyses were used to characterize particle structure, size, and morphology. Bactericidal tests were performed in Luria−Bertani medium on solid agar plates and in liquid systems with different concentrations of small and macromolecules and also with ZnO nanoparticles. TEM analyses of bacteria thin sections were used to study biocidal action of ZnO materials. The results confirmed that E. coli cells after contact with DEG and ZnO were damaged showing a Gram-negative triple membrane disorganization. This behavior causes the increase of membrane permeability leading to accumulation of ZnO nanoparticles in the bacterial membrane and also cellular internalization of these nanoparticles.

- by Fernand Fiévet
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- Multidisciplinary, Zinc Oxide, Escherichia coli, Nanostructures

Land use change has significant impact on the hydrologic and ecological processes of a watershed. This study combines an empirical land use change model and an event scale, rainfall-runoff model to quantify the impacts of potential land use change on the storm-runoff generation in the Lai Nullah Basin. The HEC-HMS rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and validated for 5 storm events in the study area, and the results showed good consistency between the simulated and measured hydrographs at the outlet (Katarian Bridge) of the basin with Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency ranging from 76 to 98%. The future land use scenario was forecasted based on Islamabad Master Plan and growth pattern. The calibrated HEC-HMS model was applied for these future land use scenarios to assess the potential land use impacts on the storm-runoff generation. The results indicated that the future land use as envisaged in the master plan is projected to increase the total runoff between 51.6 and 100.0% as well as the peak discharge between 45.4 and 83.3%, and that the magnitude of peak discharge increment relates to the expansion rate of built-up area. The results provide useful information for land use planning and management and the methods applied can serve as a useful tool for future land use impact studies.

- by Zahiruddin Khan
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- Engineering, Modeling, Land Use Change, Environmental Sciences

"In line with its mandate of poverty reduction and sustainable development, the WorldFish Center is orienting its research towards high impact scientific activity. Identifying such activities is the task of prospective impact assessment, in turn based on impact pathway analysis. The paper describes a framework for analyzing benefits from aquatic resources research, the relevant research categories, pathways to impact by category, and indicators along each pathway that can be estimated in order to quantify probable research impact."

- by Mark Prein
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- Sustainable Development, Impact Assessment, Poverty Reduction, Pathway Analysis

It is studied the psychosocial impact of Counselling Genetic Oncology (CGO) on the participants who have received the genetic test results. A sample of 59 participants that had undertaken genetic testing and received results was assessed by The Multidimensional Impact of Cancer Risk Assessment (MICRA) Questionnaire.It was studied possible differences in psychosocial impact according to: result type of, previous oncologist diagnosis, time passed from result communication and type of hereditarysyndrome. The outcomes showed that GCO does notproduce negative psychosocial impact. There were not differences by previous diagnosis,time communication and type of hereditary syndrome on MICRA. It is necessary more research for Spanish MICRA adaptation with the purpose to dispose of a specific instrument effective for psyhosocial impact study of genetic testing.

- by Juan Antonio Cruzado
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- Genetics, Psychology, Distress, Genetic Testing

Using the carrying capacity value stretch (CCVS) model incorporated into nominal group technique (NGT) methodology, this paper investigated a rural community's determinants of sociocultural carrying capacity perceptions in the wake of rural tourism development. The case of Kibbutz Yiron in Northern Israel was used to detect the tourism impacts, to evaluate to what extent rural tourism in this community is violating its limits for acceptable change and what necessary steps should be taken in order to mitigate existing, and to avoid future negative impacts? Results of this study support previous tourism impact studies. However, they are unique in their interpretation of carrying capacity measures in a qualitative and multidimensional manner. Based on the analysis of perceived intolerable, current and expected tourist impacts, these results can guide planning and policy oriented benchmarks for socio-culturally sustainable rural tourism.

- by Yoel Mansfeld
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- Business, Economics, Case Studies, Rural Tourism
- by Daniel Shefer
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- Methodology, Culture, Evaluation, European Union

was a contributor to the design and conduct of this study. Dr. Mahncke is an employee of and holds stock options in Posit Science Corporation, the developer of the experimental training program. Ultimate responsibility for the design and conduct of the trial resided with the co-principal investigators, Drs. Glenn Smith and Elizabeth Zelinski. Neither Dr. Smith nor Dr. Zelinski are employees of or hold equity in posit Science Corporation. In addition, the sponsor contracted with Quintiles Transnational Corp, and independent biostatistician Kevin DeLucci, PhD, of the University of California, San Francisco, to provide the independent data management and analyses reported in this study. Conflict of Interest: The IMPACT Study was funded by Posit Science Corporation through research grants to Mayo Clinic Foundation and the University of Southern California. Patricia Housen received compensation from Posit Science for consulting services. Kristine Yaffe received compensation from Posit Science for consulting services and honoraria for speaking engagements. Ronald Ruff received compensation from Posit Science for consulting services. Henry W. Mahncke is an employee of and holds stock options in Posit Science Corporation, the developer of the experimental training program. Author Contributions: Glenn E. Smith helped develop the study concept and design; assisted with the acquisition, statistical analysis and interpretation of data; with the drafting of the manuscript; with obtaining funding; and with study supervision. He also contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Patricia Housen assisted with the statistical analysis and interpretation of data and with drafting of the manuscript; provided administrative, technical, or material support; and contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Kristine Yaffe assisted with the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data and contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Ronald Ruff helped develop the study concept and design, assisted with the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data, and contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Robert F. Kennison assisted with the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data and contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Henry W. Mahncke assisted with the statistical analysis and interpretation of the data and with study supervision; provided administrative, technical or material support; and contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content. Elizabeth M. Zelinski helped develop the study concept and design; assisted with the acquisition, statistical analysis, and interpretation of data; drafting of the manuscript; obtaining funding; and study supervision. She also contributed to the critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content.

- by E. Zelinski
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- Cognition, Clinical Trial, Treatment Outcome, Memory

Based on high spatial resolution monitoring, the first spatial distribution maps for the eight trace elements identified as priority contaminants in aquatic systems (i.e. As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb and Zn) in surface sediments of the Gironde Estuary (SW France) are presented. This large European fluvial-estuarine system is known for important historical multi-element (mainly Cd, Zn, Cu and Pb) pollution by former mining and mineral processing activation in the Riou-Mort watershed located 350 km upstream the estuary. As a consequence, oyster production in the estuary is prohibited, and Cd concentrations in oysters from the Marennes-Oléron area are close to consumption thresholds. Surface sediment samples were analysed for grain size, particulate organic C and trace element concentrations. Determination of trace elements was carried out by ICP-MS for As, Cd, Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb, Th and Zn, and by CV-AAS for Hg. Total and potentially released trace element stocks in the surface sediment were evaluated by using concentrations in the estuary and in selected sediment core. Assuming that sediment resuspension affects mainly the uppermost sediment layer, the total trace element stocks in the studied 0-10 cm depth range may represent the equivalent of one (Cd) to eight (As, Cr) times the annual fluvial trace element inputs into the estuary. Comparing total trace element concentrations in surface sediment with: (i) data on the regional geochemical baseline to evaluate the potentially remobilised fraction and (ii) the potentially bioavailable fraction aimed at establishing a first spatially resolved risk assessment of the trace element ''cocktail'' present in these sediments at the estuary scale. After correction for grain size effects by Th normalisation, potentially highly toxic metals such as Cd and Hg showed the highest enrichment factors. From ecotoxicological indices, areas were identified and quantified where trace element levels and mobility may bear a risk to benthic organisms. The GIS-based spatial distribution of ecotoxicological indices for the trace element ''cocktail'' suggests that $95% of the surface sediment are 'Low-Medium'-priority zones, highlighting the need for further impact studies. The produced maps of trace element distributions and associated risk potentials are likely to be a useful tool to authorities in charge of sustainable estuarine management, e.g. for the optimisation of dredging activities or development of the estuarine infrastructure.

- by Jörg Schäfer
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- Geochemistry, Consumption, Risk assessment, Mining
- by Mario Sengco
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- Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Laboratory experiment, Gulf of Mexico

Participatory SWOT-analysis for the spatial impact study Railway Zone Breda: a case study (assigned to theme K) This paper on the spatial impact study Railway Zone Breda describes a participatory SWOTanalysis for assessing the impact of a large scale innercity infrastructural project on adjacent residential neighbourhoods in which residents and other stakeholders, policy officials of the municipality of Breda and researchers participated. This large infrastructural project includes the transformation of the present railway station into a shuttle station for the high speed train Amsterdam -Paris.

- by Mike Duijn
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- Situated Cognition, Policy Analysis, Policy making, Impact Analysis

Management by Utilization of Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) System Iloiu, M.; Iloiu, S. -Economic Analysis Of E-Business Investment Projects Irimie, S.; Ionică, A.; Băleanu, V.; Osvath, C. -Market and Impact Study Setting Up MMX Discount Store Isac, N. -The Implications of the Quality Management in the Automotive Industry Development Strategy Isac, A.; Szekely, A. -On-Line Data Transmission to the Public Administration Lungu, I.; Vătuiu , T. -Manageability Comparison: Oracle Database 10g and Oracle 9i Database

- by Andreea Ionica
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- Impact Studies
- by Joseph Torgesen and +3
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- Experimental Design, Elementary School, Randomized Trial, Policy Evaluation
- by Peter Wludyka and +1
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- Education, Tobacco, Adolescent, Law Enforcement

There is now a large published literature on the strengths and weaknesses of downscaling methods for different climatic variables, in different regions and seasons. However, little attention is given to the choice of downscaling method when examining the impacts of climate change on hydrological systems. This review paper assesses the current downscaling literature, examining new developments in the downscaling field specifically for hydrological impacts. Sections focus on the downscaling concept; new methods; comparative methodological studies; the modelling of extremes; and the application to hydrological impacts.

- by Claudia Tebaldi
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Climate Change, Climatology

- by Samuel Nettey
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- Marketing, Input-Output Analysis, Tourism, Impact Studies

This paper addressed what matters most in research. These include choice of appropriate statistic and data interpretation. It also provided explanation to some confusing terminologies including those whose use in some contexts are subject... more

- by Emmanuel Achor
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- Influence, Data Interpretation, Influence Studies, Scales

This paper aims to summarise the current state of coaching research and to provide a basis for future research which will provide a frame of reference ensuring that research builds on previous studies and adds to knowledge rather than replicating previous findings in innocence. This approach will prevent wasted effort and resources in organisations and research.

- by Pascal Lee
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- Impact Studies
- by karen Sikes
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- Renewable Energy, Power System, Energy Security, Distributed System
- by karen Sikes
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- Renewable Energy, Power System, Energy Security, Distributed System

Changes in global climate will have significant impact on local and regional hydrological regimes, which will in turn affect ecological, social and economical systems. However, climate-change impact studies on hydrologic regime have been relatively rare until recently, mainly because Global Circulation Models, which are widely used to simulate future climate scenarios, do not provide hourly or daily rainfall reliable enough

- by Yonas Dibike and +1
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- Climate Change, Hydrology, Time Series, Climate

An important aspect of wind power plant (WPP) impact studies is to evaluate the short circuit (SC) current contribution of the plant into the transmission network under different fault conditions. This task can be challenging to protection engineers due to the topology differences between different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the conventional generating units.

- by Nader Samaan and +1
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- Wind Power, Wind turbine, Transient analysis, Power Converter

Climate change related modifications in the spatio-temporal distribution of precipitation and evapotranspiration will have an impact on groundwater resources. This study presents a modelling approach exploiting the advantages of integrated hydrological modelling and a broad climate model basis. We applied the integrated MIKE SHE model on a perialpine, small catchment in northern Switzerland near Zurich. To examine the impact of climate change we forced the hydrological model with data from eight GCM-RCM combinations showing systematic biases which are corrected by three different statistical downscaling methods, not only for precipitation but also for the variables that govern potential evapotranspiration. The downscaling methods are evaluated in a split sample test and the sensitivity of the downscaling procedure on the hydrological fluxes is analyzed. The RCMs resulted in very different projections of potential evapotranspiration and, especially, precipitation. All three downscaling methods reduced the differences between the predictions of the RCMs and all corrected predictions showed no future groundwater stress which can be related to an expected increase in precipitation during winter. It turned out that especially the timing of the precipitation and thus recharge is very important for the future development of the groundwater levels. However, the simulation experiments revealed the weaknesses of the downscaling methods which directly influence the predicted hydrological fluxes, and thus also the predicted groundwater levels. The downscaling process is identified as an important source of Correspondence to: S. Stoll (stoll@ifu.baug.ethz.ch) uncertainty in hydrological impact studies, which has to be accounted for. Therefore it is strongly recommended to test different downscaling methods by using verification data before applying them to climate model data.

- by Michael B Butts
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Climate Change, Evapotranspiration
- by karen Sikes
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- Renewable Energy, Power System, Energy Security, Distributed System
- by Jan van Helden
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- Critical Theory, Management Accounting, Quantitative Research, Public sector

Input-output analysis is now widely used to examine the economic impact of tourism. The aim of this article is to demonstrate the usefulness of this analysis to study the economic impact of tourism. It looks at the practical applications of this method of analysis and draws upon examples of tourism-based input-output models to demonstrate the flexibility of this type of model and the level of detail which can be achieved. The methodology is examined in greater depth, reviewing some of the more recent developments and suggesting additional modifications to the model framework in order to bring the input-output model closer to reality.L'analyse entrée-sortie et les études de l'impact du tourisme. On utilise beaucoup de nos jours l'analyse entrée-sortie par ordinateur pour étudier, entre autres, l'impact du tourisme sur l'économie. L'intention de cet article est de démontrer l'utilité de l'analyse entrée-sortie en tant que moyen d'étude de l'impact du tourisme sur l'économie. L'article examine l'application pratique de cette méthode d'analyse et utilise comme exemples des modèles d'entrée-sortie basés sur le tourisme pour démontrer la flexibilité de ce type de modèle et le degré qu'il permet d'atteindre dans les détails. La méthodologie est ensuite étudiée plus à fond avec examen de quelques-uns des développements qui ont eu lieu récemment et suggestion de modifications supplémentaires qui pourraient être effectuées dans la structure des modèles pour rapprocher de la réalité les modèles entrée-sortie.

- by Amina Ben
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- Marketing, Input-Output Analysis, Tourism, Impact Studies

- by Vahan Gevorgian and +1
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- Wind Power, Wind turbine, Transient analysis, Power Converter
- by Lekan Oyebande
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- Climate Change, Hydrology, Carbon Dioxide, Life Sciences
- by Vincenzo Marano
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- Renewable Energy, Power System, Energy Security, Distributed System

This article reports on the preliminary results of a research project -Beyond Immediate Impact: Study Abroad for Global Engagement (SAGE) -that examines the long-term impact of study abroad on various forms of global engagement. The study employs a retrospective tracer study and mixed methods research design. Survey results from 6,391 study abroad participants reveal that study abroad has had an impact on five dimensions of global engagement (civic engagement, knowledge production, philanthropy, social entrepreneurship, and voluntary simplicity) as well as on subsequent educational and career choices. 63 interviews also were conducted to provide more detailed life stories about the role of study abroad on global engagement, education, and career paths. Three of these case studies are presented. Data were also gathered concerning study abroad program characteristics and participant characteristics. In future analyses, the relationships among these variables will be examined.

- by Gerald W Fry
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- Social Entrepreneurship, Research Design, Intercultural Education, Civic Engagement
- by karen Sikes
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- Renewable Energy, Power System, Energy Security, Distributed System

This paper aims to summarise the current state of coaching research as a basis for future studies. It seeks to provide a frame of reference for researchers and reflective practitioners interested in research to ensure that future studies build on previous work and add to our knowledge and understanding of coaching as a unique domain of practice. The paper is divided into three sections. The first two sections review the state of coaching research over the past 100 years, with a greater focus on the past decade when the number of studies published has accelerated. The paper divides the recent research into categories: the nature of coaching, coach behaviour studies, client behaviour studies, relationship studies and executive coaching impact studies and discusses research methods including Interpretative Phenomenological Analysis, Grounded Theory and Discourse Analysis, randomised controlled trials, meta-analysis and mixed methods research. The third section considers the future direction research may take. It identifies key themes and sample research questions which the authors believe could be the focus of future research. The paper concludes by noting that coaching research is likely to continue to grow over the coming decade, and this growth offers an opportunity for the research–practitioner partnership to be strengthened and maintained.

This report provides an overview of lottery operations, with particular attention to who plays the lottery, how the lotteries are marketed, and what kinds of policy alternatives exist for state and federal policymakers. Section I of the report provides a descriptive overview of state lotteries, a statistical profile, and a description of the distribution and size of their revenues. Section

- by Marian Moore
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- Impact Studies

13. Type of Report and Period Covered 14. Sponsoring Agency Code 15. Supplementary Notes 16. Abstract

This study, carried out during the second half of 1995, investigated the predisposing factors leading to marital disruption and its consequences on the lives of women in Matlab, a rural area of Bangladesh. Both qualitative and quantitative methods were used. Data were generated from detailed case studies and quantitative surveys of a small number of maritally-disrupted women. Additional data were used from the ongoing demographic surveillance system of ICDDR,B: Centre for Health and Population Research. The findings revealed that divorced and abandoned women and their children were extremely vulnerable, both socially and economically. Various factors that influence marital disruption were identified, the most important ones being: aspects determining the process of marriage, various family problems due to non-fulfillment of demand for dowry, mutual distrust, extramarital relationships, quality of sexual life, education of women, and other behavioural characteristics of individuals. ...

- by Abbas Bhuiya
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- Demography, Nutrition and Dietetics, Women, Bangladesh
- by Ram Prasad
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- Power Transmission, Power system distribution, Oscillations, Energy Storage

- by Mahfuzuddin Ahmed
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- Sustainable Development, Impact Assessment, Poverty Reduction, Pathway Analysis

This paper examines research on a family of computer-based tools, CASCADE (Computer ASsisted Curriculum Analysis, Design and Evaluation), designed to assist in the complex task of curriculum development. It begins with discussion of curriculum developers and their activities, followed by examination of how the computer can offer support for their tasks. The main elements of four related systems for computer supported curriculum development are discussed and approaches to designing tools of this nature are considered. Following an overview of main findings, this article concludes with thoughts on fruitful directions for research on computer supported curriculum development, emphasizing the need for increased attention to implementation and impact studies.

- by Nienke Nieveen
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- Technology, Curriculum Development, Design Tool, Impact Studies

This paper re-conceptualizes "information system success" as a formative, multidimensional index. Such a validated and widely accepted index would facilitate cumulative research on the impacts of IS, while at the same time provide a benchmark for organizations to track their IS performance. The proposed IS-Impact measurement model represents the stream of net benefits from an Information System (IS), to date and anticipated, as perceived by all key user groups. Model measures are formulated to be robust, economical, and simple, yielding results that are comparable across diverse systems and contexts, and from multiple user perspectives. The model includes four dimensions in two halves. The "impact" half measures benefits to date, or Individualand Organizational Impact; the "quality" half uses System Quality and Information Quality as proxies for probable future impacts. Study findings evidence the necessity, additivity, and completeness of these four dimensions. The validation study involved three separate surveys, including exploratory and confirmatory phases preceded by an identification survey. Content analysis of 485 qualitative impacts cited by 137 respondents from across 27 Australian Government Agencies that implemented SAP Financials in the late 90s, identified salient dimensions and measures. The resultant a-priori model ("pool" of 37 measures) was operationalized in the subsequent specification survey, yielding 310 responses across the same 27 agencies. The confirmation survey, employing 27 validated measures from the specification survey, was next conducted in a large university that had implemented ORACLE Financials. Confirmatory analysis of the 153 responses provides further strong evidence of model validity.

Plant species-level research that comprises inventories, impact studies and monitoring is necessary if plant resources are to be harvested sustainably by human populations living adjacent to protected areas in sub-Saharan Africa. This research assessed the extraction of plant products from two montane forest ecosystems, Uzungwa Scarp Forest Reserve (USFR) and Bwindi Impenetrable National Park (BINP), East Africa. In USFR, data from vegetation sampling and interviews with local people were used to understand the ecological and socio-economic aspects of non-timber forest product (NTFP) harvesting. The densities of eight commonly harvested tree species, most of which were used as building poles, were approximately 2.4-4.5 times lower in disturbed versus undisturbed habitats across all four sites in USFR. Interviews with 91 women and 54 men suggested that most species were harvested for medicinal uses (57 species) and building purposes (50 species). In BINP, the liana Loeseneriella apocynoides (Apocynaceae), is harvested for basketry weaving. Evidence suggested that the liana was harvested in both protected and unprotected areas of BINP. Data collected suggested a negative impact on this species in an unprotected versus a protected area, with stem diameters larger than 1 cm significantly more abundant in the protected area. This study reveals that harvesting of NTFPs occurs even in these two protected forest areas, and that over-exploitation not only threatens species of high-demand, but could also alter forest structure and composition. Management practices that encourage the monitoring of sustainable harvesting levels of species and promote alternative plants for the same uses should be considered as part of conservation strategies.

- by Henry Joseph Ndangalasi and +1
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- East Africa, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, Biological Conservation

The public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing the burden, to the Department of Defense, Executive Services end Communications Directorate (0704-0188). Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number.

- by Thomas Folegot
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- IEEE, Parabolic Wave Equation, Temperature measurement, Time Dependent

The size of wind power plants (WPPs) keeps getting bigger and bigger. The number of wind plants in the U.S. has increased very rapidly in the past 10 years. It is projected that in the U.S., the total wind power generation will reach 330 GW by 2030. As the importance of WPPs increases, planning engineers must perform impact studies used to evaluate short-circuit current (SCC) contribution of the plant into the transmission network under different fault conditions. This information is needed to size the circuit breakers, to establish the proper system protection, and to choose the transient suppressor in the circuits within the WPP. This task can be challenging to protection engineers due to the topology differences between different types of wind turbine generators (WTGs) and the conventional generating units. This paper investigates the short-circuit behavior of a WPP for different types of wind turbines. Both symmetrical faults and unsymmetrical faults are investigated. Three different software packages are utilized to develop this paper. Time domain simulations and steady-state calculations are used to perform the analysis.

- by Vahan Gevorgian
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- Wind Energy, Wind Power, Wind turbine, Steady state

Many impact studies require climate change information at a finer resolution than that provided by Global Climate Models (GCMs). In the last 10 years, downscaling techniques, both dynamical (i.e. Regional Climate Model) and statistical methods, have been developed to obtain fine resolution climate change scenarios. In this study, an automated statistical downscaling (ASD) regression-based approach inspired by the SDSM method (statistical downscaling model) developed by Wilby, R.L., Dawson, C.W., SDSM e a decision support tool for the assessment of regional climate change impacts, Environmental Modelling and Software 17, 147e159] is presented and assessed to reconstruct the observed climate in eastern Canada based extremes as well as mean state. In the ASD model, automatic predictor selection methods are based on backward stepwise regression and partial correlation coefficients. The ASD model also gives the possibility to use ridge regression to alleviate the effect of the non-orthogonality of predictor vectors. Outputs from the first generation Canadian Coupled Global Climate Model (CGCM1) and the third version of the coupled global Hadley Centre Climate Model (HadCM3) are used to test this approach over the current period (i.e. 1961e1990), and compare results with observed temperature and precipitation from 10 meteorological stations of Environment Canada located in eastern Canada. All ASD and SDSM models, as these two models are evaluated and inter-compared, are calibrated using NCEP (National Center for Environmental Prediction) reanalysis data before the use of GCMs atmospheric fields as input variables.

- by Philippe Gachon
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- Climate Change, Ridge Regression, Multidisciplinary, Seasonality

This paper presents the theoretical framework for the valuation of cultural heritage and of the economic effects produced by investments in the preservation and restoration of cultural heritage. The following methods are considered: impact studies, hedonic pricing method, contingent valuation method and travel cost method. The paper focuses on methodological issues, difficulties encountered when implementing the methods, as well as on their specific limitations. Moreover, each method is illustrated through the results of quantitative studies in the field.

- by Mihaela Iacob
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- Cultural Heritage, Theoretical Framework, Economic Value, Travel Cost Method
- by Patricia Housen
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- Cognition, Clinical Trial, Treatment Outcome, Memory