Nazareth Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

- by Nisreen Mazzawi
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- Urban Ecology, Palestinians in Israel, Nazareth, Cultural Transformation

Jesus’ rejection by those in his hometown is a theme common to all three of the synoptic gospel accounts (cf. Mt 13.54-58; Mk 6.1-5; Lk 4.16-30). However, the placement of this episode strikingly differs amongst these three. Mark and Matthew both record a wholly positive initial preaching tour through Galilee which left the crowds astonished (Mk 1.14-15, 21-28; Mt 4.12-17, 23-25), and only later narrate his rejection at the synagogue of Nazareth after a period of successful ministry elsewhere (Mk 6.1-5; Mt 13.54-58). In contrast, Luke decided to collapse the Markan timeline by relocating the scene in the synagogue in Nazareth to the initial preaching tour through Galilee, and he further heightened the intensity of the event by telling of the unsuccessful attempt to cast Jesus from the cliff outside of town (Lk 4.16-30). The treatment of this theme in these three sources illustrates well the kind of rewriting that occurred in early gospel literature. However, this trajectory of rewriting can be extended further, to include the so-called Diatessaron of Tatian who attempted to incorporate material from all three synoptics in his revised gospel edition. Faced with these three conflicting texts Tatian had to decide how to reconcile his sources so as to produce a coherent narrative. The surviving witnesses to his edition indicate that he resolved this dilemma by splitting the Lukan scene into two parts. The first half of the Lukan pericope, which records a wholly positive reception in Nazareth (Lk 4.16-22), he left in the initial preaching tour through Galilee, and the second half, telling of the rejection and the attempted execution, he placed later in the narrative. In his redaction of prior sources, Tatian’s editorial work is broadly comparable to that of the evangelists Matthew and Luke, and he even adds a further detail of his own, namely that Jesus flew through the air to safety following his being thrown from the cliff. Tatian’s editing of these sources may be interpreted as a response to two ambiguities inherent in Luke’s telling of the episode: the jarring transition from acceptance to rejection in Luke 4.22-23 and the mysterious silence regarding Jesus’ means of escape from the angry crowd in Luke 4.30.

This article was a public response to the much touted “house from the time of Jesus” announced by Dr. Y. Alexandre on Dec. 21, 2009 at a Nazareth news conference. The article was first published in American Atheist Magazine (2010). It has been republished in Salm, NAZARETHGATE, Chapter 7. For a more detailed and up-to-date treatment of Alexandre's excavations at the site, see Salm, NAZARETHGATE, Chapter 10.

- by René Salm
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- Fraud, Nazareth, Roman Archaeology

- by Matthew R Crawford
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- Early Christianity, Synoptic Gospels, Nazareth, Diatessaron

Matthew 2:23 refers to a prophecy that Jesus would be called a Nazarene: “And he came and dwelt in a city called Nazareth: that it might be fulfilled which was spoken by the prophets, He shall be called a Nazarene.”
Scholars have long noted that there is no prophecy anywhere in the Old Testament that could associate Jesus with being called a Nazarene. Yet we can not just brush the mystery aside and say it is not worth looking for answers. There has to be an explanation for Matthew’s reference to a prophecy that Jesus will be called a Nazarene: one that makes good sense for Matthew’s author.

- by Dick Harfield
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- Synoptic Gospels, Matthew's Gospel, Jesus of Nazareth, Biblical Exegesis

Baixe o Livro judaísmo nazareno gratuito.
Visitem nosso site judaismonazarenosp.org

- by Judaísmo Nazareno SP
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- Talmud, Judaism, Mulheres no judaismo, Nazareth

Le 14 août 1962, une importante découverte archéologique à Césarée Maritime allait révolutionner la question relative à Nazareth, une ville inconnue des sources non chrétiennes. Cet article tend à montrer l’étonnante série de coïncidences dont à partir d’un petit fragment de marbre contenant une douzaine des lettres, il a été possible de prouver l’existence de la prétendue patrie du Nazaréen, au moins à partir du II siècle. Mais là où il y a coïncidences surprenantes, il est raisonnable de se méfier. S’agit-il d’une fraude ?Il y a un mobile et le principal acteur s’avérait suspect d’un grave délit.

- by Enrico Tuccinardi
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- Archaeological Forgeries, Early Christian Archaeology, Nazareth

Corroborating contemporary biographers report that Jesus of Nazareth was born of a virgin, changed water to wine, made the blind see, healed the lame, raised the dead, walked on water, calmed a violent storm, fed 5,000 people with five loaves and two fishes, lived again after his execution, and ascended into the clouds. According to witnesses and contemporary biographers, this Jesus also made the listed claims.

- by Daniel M Keeran MSW
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- Marketing, Buddhism, Hinduism, History

In 2020 the Israel Antiquities Authority (IAA) published an extensive article in its journal 'Atiqot authored by one of its archaeologists, Dr. Yardenna Alexandre, a name familiar to readers of my books and to those interested in the archaeological history of Nazareth, Israel. The IAA article goes far beyond a standard excavation report and functions also as an updated history of Nazareth. I point out that many of the structural features that Alexandre claims were walls of a "house" do not exist in the material remains, and that claims to have found a large quantity of Hellenistic pottery shards at the Mary of Nazareth Center site are improbable and in some cases impossible. The archaeologist has nevertheless used these dubious ceramic claims to date the alleged dwelling to "the time of Jesus."

- by René Salm
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- Early Christianity, Historical Jesus, Early Christian Archaeology, Corruption
- by René Salm
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- Archaeology, Nazareth

Mark did not create Christianity but wrote a compelling account about a faith that he already knew. Some modern scholars recognise that in so writing, the author we now know as Mark developed the story’s characters in order to focus on Jesus himself. At least some of these characters were probably created by Mark, who seems to have assigned them names that helped develop hidden insights.

- by Dick Harfield
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- Christianity, Theology, New Testament, Hermeneutics
- by Antonella Dargenio
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- History of Christianity, Church History, Puglia, Ecclesiastical History

On 14 August 1962, an outstanding archaeological discovery at Caesarea Maritima went to revolutionize the question about Nazareth, a village unknown to non-Christian sources. This article intends to show the remarkable series of coincidences that ensured that, from a small marble fragment containing a dozen letters, it was possible to prove the existence, from at least the second century, of the presumed native land of the Nazarene.But where there are surprising coincidences, there is also a reason to be suspicious.Is this a fraud? There is a mobile and the main suspect has a serious criminal history

- by Enrico Tuccinardi
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- Archaeological Forgeries, Early Christian Archaeology, Nazareth

“As a young benjamin of the local Coimbrian (Portugal) nobility finds himself drawn into the wars of Restoration (1640 - 1668 ), gaining national respect; and how after 22 years of battle, he gains the trust of a Chapel manager by marrying into the family that would allow him to project himself socially.
The family 's Azevedo of the West zone of Portugal have in Captain Jerónimo de Azevedo an ancestor. He fought in the Restoration War, where he was seriously injured three times, marries a wealthy widow who has no children but allowed him to be a steward of a “chapel” until the end of his life. From his second marriage he then had children, one of whom Manuel de Azevedo Lancha (who would own a speedboa called "Lancha") and who lived in Nazareth, of which we present his descendants. These lived in Nazaré and then spread through the Serra do Bouro, S. Martinho do Porto, to Leiria.

- by Ricardo Charters-d'Azevedo and +2
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- History, Genealogia, Historia, Genealogía
- by Aaron Joshua John
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- Theology, New Testament, Orthodox Theology, Manifestos

One of the critical issues when pursuing historical Jesus research has been to distinguish the ‘voice print’ of one man (Jesus) from the larger crowd (Second Temple Judaism) at the time. Historians always find it easier to describe movements than individuals, places rather than events, technologies rather than artifacts. For that reason, searching for the historical Nazareth may be an easier task than the quest for the historical Jesus.

- by Gregory Jenks
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- Biblical Archaeology, Historical Jesus, Nazareth, First Century Palestine

Les découvertes et analyses nouvelles ne cessent de s'accumuler au sujet des origines réelles de l'islam, dévoilant une tout autre histoire que celle des traditions musulmanes.
Pour défendre l'islam, un auteur musulman s'est ainsi essayé à la réfutation de certaines de ces recherches nouvelles, hélas au mépris de l'esprit scientifique, et s'enferrant dans une attitude de déni de la réalité de ces découvertes.
Répliquant point par point à cette tentative de réfutation, cet article permet de mettre au clair pour le grand public les avancées de la recherche dans les domaines suivants :
- Archéologie de La Mecque
- Formation de la tradition musulmane (jahiliya, tradition orale coranique)
- Elaboration du Coran
- Christianisme des origines et développement du courant judéonazaréen

- by Odon Lafontaine
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- Early Christianity, Quranic Studies, Islamic Studies, Mecca
- by Naza Vital
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- Nazi Germany, Nazan üstündağ, Nazareth

This is the third incarnation of an article originally published in the compilation book "Bart Ehrman and the Quest of the Historical Jesus of Nazareth" (F. Zindler, editor, 2013 chapter 12). The article appeared again with minor changes in my recent book, "NazarethGate: Quack Archeology, Holy Hoaxes, and the Invented Town of Jesus" (American Atheist Press, December 2015, chapter 9). The piece is now made digitally available here to those interested. It responds to Dr. Bart Ehrman’s published statements regarding the archaeology of Nazareth, beginning with his book "Did Jesus Exist?" (2012, pp. 191–97). I critique Ehrman’s factually incorrect statements regarding the material record, his modus operandi of resorting to hearsay instead of evidence in the ground, his reflexive appeal to reputation and majority opinion, and a certain sloppiness that characterizes his writing, e.g. confusing “Bronze” with “Iron” Age and conflating “Jesus” with “Christ.”

Das Johannesevangelium bestätigt die Herkunft Jesu aus Nazaret und trägt damit ein Detail zur historischen Rückfrage nach Jesus bei. Die Betlehem-Tradition ist in den Augen des vierten Evangelisten nicht nur historisch unkorrekt, sie... more

- by Christoph Heil
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- Historical Jesus, Gospel of John, Nazareth, Bethlehem
- by René Salm
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- Fraud, Nazareth, Roman Archaeology
- by Antonella Dargenio
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- History of Christianity, Church History, Puglia, Storia della chiesa
- by Antonella Dargenio
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- Church History, Storia della chiesa, Catholic Church History, Nazareth

Paper presented at the 2012 SBL convention (Chicago). Published as Chapter 8 in NAZARETHGATE: QUACK ARCHEOLOGY, HOLY HOAXES, AND THE INVENTED TOWN OF JESUS (American Atheist Press, Nov. 2015—see "Books" above).

- by René Salm
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- Fraud, Nazareth, Roman Archaeology
- by Antonella Dargenio
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- Church History, Storia della chiesa, Catholic Church History, Nazareth
- by Resh Catty
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- Nazareth, Puerto, Geographic Information Systems (GIS), Carmen
- by Judaísmo Nazareno SP
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- Historia, Nazareth, Messianic Judaism (Yeshua Believers), Judeus

On winter solstice, 2009, four days before Christmas and twenty months after publication of my first book, The Myth of Nazareth (http://www.nazarethmyth.info/) archeologist Yardenna of the Israel Antiquities Authority gave a press conference in Nazareth, Israel, at newly excavated ground across the street from the Church of the Annunciation. International news agencies were present, including AP, UPI, Reuters, and Agence France Presse. Enigmatic advance notices had already alerted the general public that news of major religious significance was imminent.
When Dr. Alexandre stepped up to the microphone on that blustery morning, she announced that incontrovertible evidence of a village from “the time of Jesus” had been found for the very first time. The evidence, she explained, was in front of their eyes: remains of a dwelling which—in all likelihood—Jesus himself knew as a child.
But the claim is bogus, as this chapter from my recent second book NazarethGate (http://www.mythicistpapers.com/2015/11/15/the-book-nazarethgate/) shows. The site was obviously a wine producing complex beginning in the Byzantine era, with clear remains of low walls, a sloping treading floor, collecting vat, and storage cellars.

- by René Salm
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- New Testament and Christian Origins, Nazareth, Roman Archaeology

An inscription allegedly found in Nazareth attested according to its first edition (1905) a cohors //I Heliopo/itanorum. However, no such unit ever existed in the Roman army. A new reading of the inscription shows that in reality a soldier of the /egio IV Flavia is mentioned in the document. The article shows the problern of dating the presence oftbis legion, normally stationed in Moesia superior, in the East. It seems possible that the legio IV Flavia or a vexillatio of it par ticipated in the war against Bar Kochba. Die Musees royaux du Cinquantenaire in Brüssel erwarben im Jahr 1903 eine latei nische Grabinschrift, die nachAngaben des Verkäufers aus der Umgebung von Nazareth stammen sollte. Sie wurde zuerst 1905 von Ch. Clermont-Ganneau aufgrund der Mit teilung von F. Cumont publiziert, dann nochmals von letzterem selbst 1913 in einem Katalog des Museums, 1 gelangte allerdings nie in die Annee Epigraphique, so dass sie auch nur sehr gelegentlich beachtet wurde. 2 Beide Autoren sind skeptisch hinsichtlich der Herkunftsangabe des Verkäufers, man könne aber sicher davon ausgehen, dass die Inschrift aus Palästina oder Syrien stamm e. Die Inschrift ist auf eine Stele gemeißelt, die 88 cm hoch, 55 cm breit und 5 cm tief ist. Die Buchstabenhöhe beträgt 5 cm.3 Die Zeilen waren vorgeritzt. Links und rechts des Textes sind zwei erhöhte Streifen zu sehen, die den Eindruck vermitteln, als ob der Steinmetz hier zwei Säulen gestalten wollte. Dafür spricht auch, dass links oben zwei runde Abschlüsse zu erkennen sind, die wie eine Art Kapitel wirken; auf der rechten Seite ist dieser runde Abschluss nur noch links erhalten, während der rechte lediglich noch ansatzweise zu erkennen ist. Auch am unteren Rand sind je zwei runde Vorsprün ge zu erkennen, die wie zwei runde Doppelbasen unter den Säulen (Pfeilern) wirken. Offensichtlich sollte der Text "architektonisch" eingerahmt werden. Der Stein wurde später wiederverwendet; dabei wurde im unteren Teil ein Loch gebohrt; vielleicht sollte dadurch Wasser abfließen können. Durch diese Öffnung sind in Zeile 9 einige Buchstaben weitgehend verloren gegangen; allerdings reichen die Reste zur Identifizierung der einzelnen Zeichen aus.

- by Werner Eck and +1
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- Roman History, Roman Army, Roman Epigraphy, Roman Judea

The Church of the Annunciation is built on one of the most sacred
places for the Catholic world. According to the New Testament, this is
where the angel Gabriel announced to the Virgin Mary that she would
bear the son of God (Luke 1:26–38). In 1969, an Italian architect,
Giovanni Muzio, built the modern church on the site, and this monumental
Christian symbol stimulates political struggles to the present
day. This article analyzes the various tensions and decisions pertaining
to the Church of the Annunciation, including attempts to thwart its
construction and to limit its size, as well as the political interests that
enabled the largest Franciscan church in the Middle East to be built.

- by Masha Halevi
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- Franciscan Studies, Annunciation, Nazareth, Holy Places

Jesus’ inaugural speech in the synagogue in Nazareth opens an important part of the Gospel of Luke, i.e., the ministry of Jesus in Galilee (Luke 4:14–9:50). It serves as a temporal marker that opens a new part of the gospel that sets into motion a chain of events. It also functions as the exposé of the program which Jesus will carry out during his mission starting in Galilee and leading him up to the cross on Calvary. The present study contends that inaugural speech in the synagogue of Nazareth gives also a glimpse into Luke’s own writing skills and his intention to present an orderly account of “what happened among us” (Luke 1:1-4). Thus, the story in the synagogue of Nazareth not only presents the program of Jesus’ mission, it also familiarizes the reader with different kind of rhetorical strategies and techniques employed by the author of the Third Gospel aiming to persuade the implied reader / listener of the solidity and certainty of the teaching received.

- by Piotr Blajer, ofm
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- Gospel of Luke, Nazareth, Luke 4:16-30

This paper aims to review the various attempts to create a permanent Jewish presence in Nazareth, during the first half of the twentieth century: From Haim Kalvarisky and the jca`s activity in the city at the turn of the century; Through the local Jewish presence which was established during WW1; And up to the limited yet stable Jewish settlement – of clear national character - that existed in the city during the first half of the British Mandate period.
Besides reviewing the various attempts, as well as their characteristics and scope, this paper also aims to define the different ideological positions that were the basis for the attempts of several Jewish national institutions to act in the city; to portray the character of local Jewish/Arab relations during those years; and to determine the various factors that eventually led to the disappearance of permanent Jewish presence in Nazareth, since the mid 1930`s.
The case of the Jewish presence in Nazareth is presented against the background of similar events that took place in a large number of Arab cities throughout the country, in the late Ottoman period and during the British Mandate period.

- by Reuven Gafni
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- Jewish Studies, Israel Studies, Israel/Palestine, Jewish History

The paper discusses the legendary transfer of the Holy House from Nazareth (Palestine), via Croatian coast to the town of Loreto in Italy. According to legend, the transfer took place at the end of the 13th century, and it was depicted on several maps, including the cartographic representation from Loreto called Descriptio translationis Sanctæ Domus Beatissimæ Virginis e Nazareth in Dalmatiam et inde Lavretv[m] which was probably made at the end of the 16th century. Regardless of the authenticity of the relic, the fact that the content of the legendary transfer was depicted cartographically on one of the most valuable works of art of the Loreto Marian shrine witnesses the need for spatial identification of imaginary geography, but it also indicates the importance and influence of cartography of that time, because maps were important sources of spatial data and means of geographic expression.

- by Josip Faricic
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- Geography, Cartography, Art, History of Cartography

sermon from Matthew 2:13-23, preached 1/7/18 at Kilgore Bible Church, Kilgore, TX

- by Justin Langley
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- Infancy Narratives, Jesus of Nazareth, OT in the NT, Gospel of Matthew

The paper discusses the legendary transfer of the Holy House from Nazareth (Palestine), via Croatian coast to the town of Loreto in Italy. According to legend, the transfer took place at the end of the 13th century, and it was depicted on several maps, including the cartographic representation from Loreto called Descriptio translationis Sanctae Domus Beatissimae Virginis e Nazareth in Dalmati-am et inde Lavretv[m] which was probably made at the end of the 16th century. Regardless of the authenticity of the relic, the fact that the content of the legendary transfer was depicted cartographically on one of the most valuable works of art of the Loreto Marian shrine witnesses the need for spatial identification of imaginary geography, but it also indicates the importance and influence of cartography of that time, because maps were important sources of spatial data and means of geographic expression.

- by Igor Šipić
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- Geography, Cartography, History of Cartography, Mediterranean
- by Raef Zreik
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- Political Geography and Geopolitics, Spatial Practices, Nationalism, Israel/Palestine
- by Enrico Tuccinardi
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- Nazareth, Early Christian Archeology, Archeology

Estórias da nossa história

Aquí van 10 textos más del "Libro de Cielo" de Luisa Piccarreta sobre el Rey, su Reino y su Reinado. Estos nuevos textos serán agregados y consolidados a la primera versión que fue publicada al finalizar la sesión en Academia.edu. Sigan participando enviando sus comentarios y propuestas de textos. Gracias y bendiciones en la Divina Voluntad. FIAT.

- by Cenáculo Divina Voluntad
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- Religion, Trinitarian Theology, Cristianismo, Parables of Jesus