Projects Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

Many projects in third world countries fail to be successfully completed due to several reasons. Among these are lack of understanding of the need for monitoring and evaluation. This paper attempts to outline the importance of these two and how they can be applied to ensure successful completion of projects. The paper also sets out the common constraints that impede these two and outlines ways in which these can be overcome.

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- Projects

The transient response to projected climate change of two ice caps in the central Icelandic highland was simulated with a vertically integrated ice-flow model coupled to a degree-day mass-balance model. The ice caps, Langjökull and Hofsjökull, are of similar size (area ∼900 km2 and volume ∼200 km3) and located only ∼30 km apart. The climate change simulations were started in 1990 from steady states corresponding to the average climate of 1981–2000 and driven with observed weather parameters until 2005. Thereafter, the forcing was according to a Nordic climate change scenario based on the IPCC B2 emission scenario. The simulations during the period 1990–2005 compare reasonably well with observations of mass-balance and glacier extent. Both ice caps are projected to essentially disappear during the next 100 to 200 years. Langjökull, which disappears within the next 150 years, shows larger mass-balance sensitivity to warming than the higher elevated Hofsjökull, where ice on the highest...

- by Tómas Jóhannesson
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- Civil Engineering, Climate Change, Hydrology, Climate

ED050003 - Social Studies Education Projects: An ASCD Index.

- by Bob Taylor
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- Social Sciences, Political Science, Social Studies, Elementary Education

Este artículo describe el proceso de investigación-acción en la didáctica de proyectos arquitectónicos, en la relación de la teoría con la práctica a partir del recorrido del no-lugar al lugar. Se introduce la teoría en el taller (curso de proyectos) a través de conceptos relevantes tales como: no-lugar, lugar, ser humano, habitar y contexto, principalmente, desde disciplinas distintas pero complementarias como son: filosofía, antropología, sociología y arquitectura, a fin de abrir una reflexión que permita profundizar en los conceptos clave para poder fundamentar con mayor solidez y vincular con sus habitantes y el contexto los proyectos arquitectónicos.

- by Laura O Gallardo
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- Architecture, Arquitectura, Place, Projects

Multi Attribute Utility Theory (MAUT) is employed to rank the irrigation subsystems of Mahi Bajaj Sagar Project, Rajasthan, India. Seven performance evaluation criteria, namely, land development works, timely supply of inputs, conjunctive use of water resources, participation of farmers, economic impact, crop productivity and environmental conservation are employed. Kohonen Artificial Neural Networks (KANN) is employed to classify the irrigation subsystems that can be utilized for further ranking by MAUT. Spearman rank correlation technique is employed to compute correlation coefficient values between the obtained ranking pattern. Sensitivity analysis studies are also made to check the robustness in ranking. The proposed methodology can be applied for similar situations.

- by Vasan Arunachalam
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- Decision Making, Methodology, Irrigation, Theory
- by Beverley Clarke
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- Management, Earth Sciences, Coastal Management, Natural Resources

Time-lapse seismics is the methodology of choice for remotely monitoring changes in oil/gas reservoir depletion, reservoir stimulation or CO 2 sequestration, due to good sensitivity and resolving power at depths up to several kilometres. This method is now routinely applied offshore, however, the use of time-lapse methodology onshore is relatively rare. The main reason for this is the relatively high cost of commercial seismic acquisition on land. A widespread belief of a relatively poor repeatability of land seismic data prevents rapid growth in the number of land time-lapse surveys. Considering that CO 2 sequestration on land is becoming a necessity, there is a great need to evaluate the feasibility of time-lapse seismics for monitoring. Therefore, an understanding of the factors influencing repeatability of land seismics and evaluating limitations of the method is crucially important for its application in many CO 2 sequestration projects. We analyse several repeated 2D and 3D surveys acquired within the Otway CO 2 sequestration pilot project (operated by the Cooperative Research Centre for Greenhouse Technologies, CO2CRC) in Australia, in order to determine the principal limitations of land time-lapse seismic repeatability and investigate the influence of the main factors affecting it. Our findings are that the intrinsic signal-to-noise ratio (S/N, signal to coherent and background noise levels) and the normalized-root-meansquare (NRMS) difference are controlled by the source strength and source type. However, the post-stack S/N ratio and corresponding NRMS residuals are controlled mainly by the data fold. For very high-fold data, the source strength and source type are less critical.

- by A. Kepic and +2
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- Gemology, Geology, Geochemistry, Geomorphology

Ce document a été généré automatiquement le 20 avril 2019. La Revue de Géographie Alpine est mise à disposition selon les termes de la licence Creative Commons Attribution-Pas d'Utilisation Commerciale-Pas de Modification 4.0... more

- by Vincent VLES
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- Management, Human Geography, Tourism, Planning

The paper delves into the activities and progress of the forum on China-Africa cooperation, which serves as the vein through which cooperation on the basis of mutual benefits flourishes. From the library instrument used, findings show that the two sides explore mutual cooperation and benefits. It also concludes that, china has been a major financier of infrastructural development in virtually all regions of Africa; therefore, Africa should continue to work with China. The paper recommends dealing with language barrier as an obstacle to the cooperation. Sheriff Ghali Ibrahim | zainab gimba | Olamiriki Oluwaseun"Administering Developmental Projects in Africa: An Analysis of Infrastructure Model under the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation (FOCAC)" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-3 , April 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10813.pdf

- by sheriff Ghali Ibrahim
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- Social Sciences, Africa, China and Africa, Cooperation

It is challenging to become rich by working for someone, wealth and riches come by changing our narrative and rhetoric to fit our strategic agenda for change . Financial freedom is about taking ownership of your finances as you build your wealth . Financial freedom means that you get to make life decisions without being overly stressed about the financial impact because you are prepared. You control your finances instead of being controlled by them. Imagine waking up every day without the financial burdens of this life. What would it look like to work at a job you love, instead of one that simply pays the bills? Or to not have to work at all. To live your life without economic limits. To retire early if you so choose. But what are the steps to reach this reality?

There is growing interest in managing water demand in the UK. A series of waste minimization clubs have been set up within the country and this paper identifies the effectiveness of these clubs in reducing the demand for water within industry. Membership of these clubs is voluntary and the only incentive for industry to reduce water consumption, and consequently the production of effluent, is the almost immediate fmancial saving made by the company, often achieved by accounting for the water consumption and loss within site from the point of input from the water supplier to output in the form of effluent. On average, companies are able to reduce water consumption by up to 30 percent. If the entire industrial sector within the UK were to achieve this degree of savings, it is possible that approximately l300MlId could be saved.

- by Christopher P Holt
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Consumption, Industry
- by Wendy Frisby
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- Theory, Sport, Partnerships, Organizations

Information Technology (IT) provides competitive advantage to firms and proper implementation of IT projects is one of the key success factors in their business area. Therefore, IT project needs a proper planning, management and support. Several factors affect the success and failure of IT project in the company. The use of new and unproven technology along with poor estimations and weak definitions of requirements at the project planning stage lead to IT failure. IT project failure is a disaster to an organization because the project will be cancelled at some stage during and before implementation. Sometimes IT project overruns the time schedule and budget.In this paper the cases of California Department of Motor Vehicle (DMV) and BancoItamaratiBank are analyzed using PEST analysis and the IT strategy, results, and lesson learned within each cases are mentioned.This paper highlights a proposed model to determine factors affecting success and failure of IT projects.

- by Harman Singh
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- Information Technology, Project Management, Projects

Zambia was a middle-income country when it achieved independence from Great Britain in 1964. After decades of international aid Zambia has become a low-income country, and its per capita GDP is only now returning to the levels it had reached over forty years ago. While aid is far from the only variable at work in Zambia's development, its impact has been questionable. This paper examines the issue of aid effectiveness in Zambia, especially in terms of how the incentive structure faced by donors may lead to decreased accountability and inadequate concern for long-term outcomes, rendering aid less beneficial. The paper concludes by proposing a revised approach to the provision and use of international aid in Zambia, as well as in other aid-dependent countries in Sub-Saharan Africa.

- by Monica Beuran
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- Aid effectiveness, Projects, Great Britain, Low Income Countries

The Economic Development Institute (EDI) was established by the World Bank in 1955 to train officials concemed with development planning, policymaking, investment analysis, and project implementation in member developing countries. At present the substance of the EDI's work emphasizes macroeconomic and sectoral economic policy analysis. Through a variety of courses, seminars, and workshops, most of which are given overseas in cooperation with local institutions, the EDI seeks to sharpen analytical skills used in policy analysis and to broaden understanding of the experience of individual countries with economic development. Although the EDI's publications are designed to support its training activities, many are of interest to a much broader audience. EDI materials, including any findings, interpretations, and conclusions, are entirely those of the authors and should not be attributed in any manner to the World Bank, to its affiliated organizations, or to members of its Board of Executive Directors or the countries they represent. Because of the informality of this series and to make the publication available with the least possible delay, the manuscript has not been edited as fully as would be the case with a more formal document, and the World Bank accepts no responsibility for errors.

- by M. Bamberger
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- Political Science, Case Studies, Urban Development, Primary Education

CEOs and CFOs put themselves in a bind by providing earnings guidance and then making decisions designed to meet Wall Street's expectations for quarterly earnings. When earnings appear to be coming in short of projections, top managers often react by suggesting or demanding that middle and lower level managers redo their forecasts, plans, and budgets. In some cases, top executives simply acquiesce to increasingly unrealistic analyst forecasts and adopt them as the basis for setting organizational goals and developing internal budgets. But in cases where external expectations are impossible to meet, either approach sets up the firm and its managers for failure.Using the experiences of several companies, the authors illustrate the dangers of conforming to market pressures for unrealistic growth targets. They argue that an overvalued stock, by encouraging overpriced acquisitions and other risky, value-destroying bets, can be as damaging to the long-run health of a company as an undervalued stock.Putting an end to the “earnings game” requires that CEOs reclaim the initiative by avoiding earnings guidance and managing expectations in such a way that their stocks trade reasonably close to their intrinsic value. In place of earnings forecasts, management should provide information about the company's strategic goals and main value drivers. They should also talk about the risks associated with the strategies, and management's plans to deal with them.

- by Joseph Fuller
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- IT Management, Risk Management, Projects, Value

Today, organizations are investing a lot in their IT infrastructure and reengineering their business processes by digitizing firms. If organizational employees will not optimum utilize its IT infrastructure, the productivity gain reduced enormously. In Uttarakhand e-procurement system implemented by public sector under e-governance integrated mission mode projects. So, there is need to find the determinants which influence employee’s adoption and uses of e-procurement systems. This research study assesses the organizational and individual determinants that influence the use of e-procurement system in Uttarakhand
public sector. This study provides managers with the valuable information to take intervention programs to
achieve greater acceptance and usage of e-procurement system. Data collected for this study by the means
of a survey conducted in Uttarakhand state in 2011. A total 1200 questionnaire forms were distributed personally and online to employees using e-procurement system in Uttarakhand.

This study focuses on intervention processes that support sustainable agriculture. It argues that we know very little about how to intervene for sustainable agriculture, particularly for those areas where the Green Revolution has passed almost unnoticed and where degradation of natural resources is the normal practices, rather than the exception. As sustainability is a constructed, contextual and complicated concept, it is far from clear what sustainability is, how it comes about, and what it is actually for, although it has been at the top of the agenda for nearly a decade. No substantial biological or socialinstitutional breakthroughs or innovations have yet emerged, despite the considerable efforts that have been devoted so far to sustainable agriculture. Impressively, the word "sustainability" is such a powerful symbol that the very thought of an unsustainable agriculture immediately conjures up images of massive human deprivation and suffering and, ultimately, mass st...

- by Birendra Basnyat
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- Design, Forestry, Conservation, Agroforestry

The construction sector is a key player for sustainable development. Both levels of government in Kenya (National and County) have identified the construction sector as a driver of the development agenda. The devolved units (counties and constituencies) have invested quite a substantial amount of public funds in infrastructure development and yet social audit and media reports have raised the concern over the poor quality of the projects undertaken by these devolved units. This study, therefore, sought to investigate the project management process to determine its effects on the quality of public building projects. A case involving sixty-four projects sampled from Busia County and its seven constituencies was carried out. The study was a sample survey whose data was collected using questionnaires, interviews and physical observation exercise. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square good-for-fit tests. The findings indicated the very low participation of the public works officers as project managers in the construction process of the public building projects undertaken by devolved units. The participation rate was at 15% which implied that the projects were constructed without a professional project management process. The physical observation assessment revealed the quality of the public building projects stood at 34% compliance to building specifications and standards which is inadequate to meet the required standards. It is concluded that the involvement of public works officers as project managers in the construction management process of public building projects undertaken by the devolved units was inadequate and impacts negatively on the quality of the projects. In order to achieve the sustainable development as far as the infrastructural development is concerned, the involvement of professional project managers in the construction process was critical. This, therefore, called for the development of the legal and quality frameworks to guide the construction sector at the devolved units.

- by Ijariit Journal
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- Management, Quality, Project Management, Public

The Architects Branch of JKR is preparing a first series of reference
handbooks as a continuation from “Handbook on passive design
strategies for energy efficient buildings” that was published in
2012. The purpose of these series is to address passive design
strategies and provide guidance on good practices to support the
architects to make decision during early phase of design. However, in this Building façade: An analytical journey, design decisions will be more towards analytical prediction of building facade using a quantifiable method such as computer simulation software. The objective of this handbook is to assess the approaches taken by the architects for designing selected buildings that provide an attractive solution to problem of overheating from direct sunlight.

As a new integrated procurement approach, Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) has been introduced as an alternative towards improving sustainability and integrated construction performance. Currently, however, most of the project procurement or method in Malaysia are still based on the traditional construction process approach; fragmented and separation of the design and construction phase. This traditional construction process has been widely criticized for its fragmented approach to project delivery and its failure to form effective teams. Due to that problem, a number of issues have recently arisen in current construction methods, such as reworks, time delay, rising costs, lack of communication and coordination, and wastages. This paper through literature review aims to explore this fragmentation issue especially in the design and build (DB) and clarify how far it affects the process of project delivery. Suggestion on how an integrated project delivery (IPD) approach for design and...

- by Vian Ahmed
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- Construction, Projects
- by Ghana Kumaran
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- Computer Science, Hotel Management, Projects, SRS
- by Rukundo Lawrence
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- Religion, Social Psychology, Philosophy, Literature

m m zi zi zi zi z ng ng ng g R R R R Ris s is isks ks k k k t to o o o o o Du Du Du Du u Duba ba ba bai' i' i i s s s s Bu Bu Bu u us s s siness s s s E E Exp xp pen en en endi di d d tu tu ure re re C Cy Cy C Cycl cl cl l c cles es es s s s: : : : : Co Co o C C nt nt ntr ro rol Ob Ob Ob b O je je je e ect ct ct ct t ct c iv iv iv iv ves es es s es e and Pro ro ro o oce ce e c c ed edur ural al I Iss ssue es M Mo Mo Mone ne e eta ta ta tary ry ry A A A Ag gg gg gg g gre re re e ega ga ga ga g tes as s I I nd d d nd nd ndic c ic ic icat a at ator or or o or o of f Ec Ec Ec E Econ onom o ic ic Acti i i ivi vi vi vi v ty t ty ty ty ty i i i i in n n n UA U UA UA U UA AE: E: E: E: 1 198 98 8 98 8 85-5-5-5-5-20 2 20 20 2 04 04 4 4 0 04

- by Annamalai Chockalingam
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- Information Systems, Marketing, Information Technology, Communication
- by Keith D Hampson
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- Marketing, Supply Chain Management, Business and Management, Process management

Offshore developments for hydrocarbon resources have now progressed to water depths approaching 3000 m, with geotechnical design increasingly focused on soft sediments in the upper 30 m or so of the seabed. Due to the difficulties and high cost in recovering high-quality samples from deepwater sites, there is increasing dependence on in situ testing techniques for determining the geotechnical design parameters. This paper summarizes the findings from a joint industry project, undertaken by the Norwegian Geotechnical Institute and the Centre for Offshore Foundation Systems at The University of Western Australia, on the use of in situ testing for the characterization of deepwater soft soils. The project focused on theoretical and empirical studies for the interpretation of piezocone, T-bar, and ball penetration test data, linking the penetration resistance to shear strengths determined from in situ vane tests and laboratory tests on high-quality samples. Guidelines are summarized for interpreting in situ test data, particularly for estimating intact and remoulded undrained shear strengths from the penetration resistance measured by each type of penetrometer. Suggestions are also given for future development of in situ testing techniques to maximize the potential of in situ testing in characterization of deepwater soft soils.

- by Morten Sjursen and +2
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- Environmental Engineering, Civil Engineering, Engineering Geology, Interpretation

On each project affects a large number of risk events, its managing is difficult and requires many interventions. Risk events also greatly affect the quality of the project. Delivering the project with demanded quality customer should be primary objective of project manager. But to achieve that it's necessary to manage quality in all project activities. Managing of risk and quality in projects is described in paper that follows.

- by Bojan V Stojčetović and +1
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- Quality Management, Project Management, Project Risk Management, Projects

This report, prepared for the G2G technical seminar with particular reference to projects execution, will describe the availability of quality control laboratory equipment at Sondu Miriu and Sangoro power plants and proposal to utilize such resources during construction phase of various projects undertaken by KenGen, either internally or outsourced. Working from contract documents review and hands-on experience in various projects, I seek to describe the underlying logistics and the overall cost implication to the company.

- by John Omindo
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- Project Management, Construction Project Management, Construction, Cost

The central concept of the application is to allow the customer to shop virtually using the Internet and allows customers to buy the items and articles of their desire from the store

- by Suresh Chelwani
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- Projects

The purpose of this paper is to identify important factors for successful integrated coastal management (ICM). This has been achieved by reviewing secondary literature and providing a synthesis of the ideas used in existing studies of coastal management. The paper demonstrates that there are significant gaps in empirical research in the field of ICM, particularly in reviewing success factors at the level of regional and local initiatives. The paper discusses the methods that academics use in conducting research that measures success. Suggestions are offered for future research and theoretical realism is presented as a fruitful approach for further studies in this field. The intention is also to contribute to practical management by aiding practitioners-the project officers and government officers who co-ordinate and run coastal management initiatives-to think reflexively about the type of management they are encouraging. A list of important factors for successful ICM is presented, allowing practitioners to check whether their initiative has procedures that will contribute to effective management. r

- by Tim Stojanovic
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- Management, Earth Sciences, Coastal Management, Environmental Sciences

The approval for a large dam project proposal these days predominantly involves satisfying broadly the criteria of economic development, social equity, and environmental sustainability. It is justified that the criterion of economic development seeks full project cost recovery as well as significant contribution to economic growth of a region. Cost–benefit analysis is normally used as the yardstick for economic development but it has limitations and a better method is warranted. Social equity considerations should embody the need to address the concerns of all sections in communities to be impacted by a project and involve them in the decision-making process. The lapse of this aspect in project planning of the past has led, at least as being partly responsible, to disastrous consequences. Environmental sustainability should seek to ensure that the vital components of the environment are preserved such that the future generation can use the natural resources to their benefit at least as much as the current generation. Environmental sustainability is arguably the most contentious criteria among these. The vagueness in the concept of environmental sustainability and the tendency of the society to err on the safe side have caused many large dam project proposals not reach their fruition. An attempt is made in this paper to define environmental sustainability in a more meaningful way from an analytic viewpoint. The case of Traveston Crossing Dam project in southeast Queensland, Australia is presented as an illustrative example and to evaluate the performance and relevance of the three broad criteria in a real-world application. The case study is also an example of the fact that environmental awareness can lead to enormous level of socio-political forces which can create many hurdles to cross by a democratic government.

- by Dam Wales
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- Natural Resources, Economic Growth, Water resources, Case Studies

The project involves the use of IR sensors to measure the traffic density. The sensors are placed at specific lane intersections and are interfaced to a micro-controller whereby if they detect an object (such as car) it turns on (goes green) the traffic light for that particular lane, while turning off (goes red) the rest. The system is a multi-state input timed system whereby the inputs while depend on the sensors output the micro-controller, whereas the timing while be provided within the micro-controller itself. The micro-controller makes the decisions for the system, whereas the sensors are used for object detection.

- by Frankline Sable and +1
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- Hardware, Projects, 8051 Microcontroller, Circuits
- by Solomon Eze
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- Agricultural Economics, Agriculture, Research, Projects

This paper aims to find the mostly occurring reasons for conflicts in projects and mostly used techniques to resolve the conflicts. It is/was proposed a model of conflict management for projects. Total a hundred five reasons for conflicts in projects are identified from secondary research. From that top-10 reasons for conflicts in projects are founds based on number of references in the literature. They include Shared/Common Resources, Differences in Project Goal/Objective, Cultural Differences, Values Differences, Personality Issues, Differences in Technical Opinions/Approaches, Schedules, Costs, Administrative procedures, and Different Perceptions in the order of preference. Total forty conflict resolution techniques in projects are identified based on through literature review. The most frequently used top -5 conflict resolution techniques in projects in the order of preference are Avoiding/Withdrawal, Compromising, Confronting/Problem Solving, Accommodating and Smoothing.

- by Goparaju Sudhakar
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- Project Management, Conflict Resolution, Conflict Management, Projects
- by Gabriel H Diaz Maggioli
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- Psychology, Action Research, Assessment, Narrative

The Effect Of Twitter Social Networking Sites On The Behaviour Of Secondary School Students
Television As A Tool For National Integration
The Role Of Broadcast Media In Mobilizing Women For Political Participation

- by Solomon Eze
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- Africa, Mass Communication, Nigeria, Papers

Result processing can be seen as a continuous process of converting data (scores, grade points, credit units etc) into a definite and meaningful information (statement of result, transcripts etc). These results are used to check the performance of each student in various courses. These results when processed manually leads to many problems such as error during computation, insecurity of results, untidy results after changes must have been effected and work load on the exam officer(s) etc. However, designing and implementing, as well as the computerization of result processing and transcript generation system will reduce these problems to the barest minimum. Providing password can do this, which grants access to only authorized user(s). Corrections or changes are effected without making the work untidy. Also stress on exam officer(s) is or are reduced. The design and implementation will be developed using the structured system analysis and design methodology (SSADM). The new system was designed using Visual Basic and MS Access. This language was chosen because of its easy syntax and features for developing web applications.

- by Igwe E. Kelvin
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- Projects

Information Center (ERIC), USA, 2004.

- by Abdel Salam El-Koumy
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- Assessment, Peer Assessment, E Assessment, Performance Studies

This research work is on the analysis of factors affecting effective materials management in building construction projects. Having the right materials in the right place at the right time is important for effective execution of a building project. Secondary and primary data collected were subjected to statistical analysis through the use of multiple regressions. Six hypotheses were tested and the results show that significant relationship exist between the factors and effective materials management. It was recommended that organizations should incorporate materials management in the overall policy of the firms in order to eliminate some of these problems.

- by IJMSBR Open Access Journal
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- Projects

PROJECT HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT/'Dr UDAY DOKRAS
The project sphere has not been valued appropriately in the domain of critical writing and research and many organizations disregard the Human Resource nuances that are essential to project success.
HR and Project management success are concomitant and in order to achieve the organizational goals, good human resource practices can make the difference between project success and failure.
In 19 Chapters of this Book the 3 authors examine the role that Human Resource management plays in defining, leading and managing project success. Based on his 40 + years of project experience Dr. Uday Dokras joins hand with his son Karan, an IT projects and StartUps aficionado and daughter Srishti to explain the various HR techniques to get past project failures using BEST PRACTICES such as complexity management,risk mitigation, REVIT, Site training and performance Scheduling to guide the reader in organizing their HR processes.
REVIEW
The authors highlight the benefits of paying attention to human resources and offer success and failure factors guideline for a variety of potential practitioners and students in global project marketplace.
Ms.Ylva Arnold, Head HR- Nordstead’s Publishers, Stockholm SWEDEN

- by Dr. Uday Dokras
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- Projects, Strategic Hrm

Road building projects experience failures due to hazards induced by the inability to acknowledge that the sort of project determines effective risk management. In this respect, owing to overlooking of these likely hazards, delays in projects and excessive use of money allocated to projects happen. The study's objective was to determine how risk management practices impact road construction projects’ performance in the Kenyan context. The research specifically identified how project efficiency is affected by design danger, legal risk, construction risk, and contract risk. The concepts that guided the research were the theory of agencies, the theory of uncertainty, and the theory of stakeholders. A descriptive design for studies was used. The target population was 614 sampled participants using stratified sampling technique and the sample size consisted of 184 participants chosen using simple random sampling technique. Questionnaires were used to obtain quantitative data which was analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression analysis. The research discovered that project performance had a beneficial and substantial impact on design danger, legal risk, construction risk, and contract management risk. The research concludes that design impacts the execution of NCC road building projects as design limitations restrict the variety of prospective design alternatives. Poor design is a danger engaged in project plan planning and implementation. It is vital to build legal risk management into project management when designing, developing and implementing building projects across the county to guarantee governance and compliance with legislation, regulations and norms. Building risk is highest at the earliest phases of the project beginning with the selection of procurement route. Another efficient yet inexpensive technique of mitigating risk is to implement a consistent contract management process. As far as risk mitigation and distribution is concerned, this involves provisions pertaining to compensation, liability constraints and appropriate disclaimers. The research proposes that the building department and builders need adequate project layout, legal approval and adherence to policy demands to mitigate the hazards involved in the project execution phase, adequate planning to guarantee that all funds are accessible to carry out the building. County should consider concentrating on the legal secondary hazards. If wrongly managed, this can result in costly economic losses for the county as well as elevated leadership and personnel time expenses. Contractors need to closely evaluate the hazards and recognize their project's potential consequences for these hazards. Stakeholders need to monitor risk reactions, evaluate the magnitude of the danger, provide risk control policies and handle any remaining hazards.

Management project, seminar and paper topics/materials for OND, NCE, HND, Masters students.

- by Solomon Eze
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- Nigeria, Feminism and Social Justice, Papers, Business Management

À vous maintenant qui dites : « Aujourd’hui ou demain nous irons dans telle ville, nous y passerons une année, nous y ferons des affaires et nous gagnerons de l’argent », vous qui ne savez pas ce qui arrivera demain ! En effet, qu’est-ce... more

- by Adrien Boniteau
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- Protestantism, Confidence, Methodism, Bible

Based on the fact that water can be collected from fog under favorable topographical and atmospheric conditions. The small water droplets present in the fog precipitate when they come in contact with solid objects. The frequent fogs that occur in the southwestern region of Kingdom of Saudi Arabia have the potential to provide an alternative source of freshwater in this otherwise dry region if harvested through the use of simple and low-cost collection systems known as fog collectors. A fog collection project has been carried out in Asir region of Saudi Arabia. Three Standard Fog Collectors (SFC) were designed and manufactured with locally available materials and imported mesh. These SFCs were installed in April 2006. Three different sites were chosen based on topography and altitude and data from April 2006 to April 2007 were obtained. Measurements with the SFCs were made for regions with 2,260 to 3,200 m elevation. The results indicate that at highest altitudes (at Alsooda), it is feasible to obtain an average water production of 6.215 L/m 2 day over the studied period, and in the lower altitudes, which are in Abha city, it is possible to collect more than 3.3 L/m 2 day. The highest water collection was 24 L/m 2 day and recorded in Dec. 20, 2006 at Al-Sahab park station, and furthermore for the same site, the best average water production of 11.5 L/m 2 day was obtained in winter 3 months period namely (December, November and January). Data about the weather conditions has been collected for the studied region. An analysis of fog collection effectiveness was carried out and compared with international standards. The obtained results indicate that fog can be a useful source of water supply in the southwest region of Saudi Arabia.