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كان هناك قدر معين من الاتصال الثقافي بين أوروبا في عصر النهضة إلى أوائل العصر الحديث والعالم الإسلامي (في ذلك الوقت كانت ممثلة في المقام الأول بالإمبراطورية العثمانية وبلاد فارس الصفوية) البعيدة جغرافياً، ولكن تراجعت شدتها بعد الاتصال الثقافي في العصور الوسطى والحروب الصليبية وسقوط الأندلس. كان الاتصال الأوروبي بالإسلام محدودًا في الغالب بسبب الجهد العسكري المناهض لتوسع الإمبراطورية العثمانية. كان هناك تفاعل مباشر محدود بين الثقافتين على الرغم من وجود الكثير من التجارة بين أوروبا والشرق الأوسط في ذلك الوقت. غالبًا ما كان التجار يتعاملون من خلال وسيط، وهي ممارسة شائعة منذ عهد الإمبراطورية الرومانية. لاحظ المؤرخون أنه حتى خلال القرنين الثاني عشر والرابع عشر، لم يكن لدى الحزبين اهتمام كبير بالتعلم عن بعضهما البعض. يرتبط تاريخ الإمبراطورية العثمانية ارتباطًا وثيقًا بتاريخ عصر النهضة وأوائل أوروبا الحديثة. بدأ عصر النهضة الأوروبية بشكل كبير بسقوط القسطنطينية عام 1453 (مما أدى إلى هروب العلماء البيزنطيين إلى إيطاليا). بلغت الإمبراطورية العثمانية ذروتها التاريخية في عام 1566، بالتزامن مع بداية الثورة العلمية في أوروبا، والتي من شأنها أن تؤدي إلى الهيمنة السياسية لأوروبا الحديثة الناشئة على مدار القرن التالي. (ar) There was cultural contact between Europe and the Islamic world (at the time primarily represented by the Ottoman Empire and, geographically more remote, Safavid Persia) from the Renaissance to Early Modern period. Much of Europe's contact with the Islamic world was through various wars opposing the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. There was limited direct interaction between the two cultures even though there was substantial trade between Europe and the Middle East at this time: merchants would often use intermediaries, a practice that had been common since the time of the Roman Empire. Historians have noted that even during the 12th and 14th centuries the two parties had little interest in learning about each other. The history of the Ottoman Empire is intimately connected to the history of Renaissance and Early Modern Europe. The European Renaissance was significantly triggered by the Fall of Constantinople in 1453 (resulting in a wave of Byzantine scholars fleeing to Italy). The Ottoman Empire reached its peak in 1566, coinciding with the beginning of the scientific revolution in Europe, which would lead to the political dominance of Europe over the course of the following century. (en) |
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Right image: Prayer rug, Anatolia, late 15th to early 16th century, with "re-entrant" keyhole motif. (en) Right image: Averroes and Pythagoras . (en) Left image: A "Bellini type" Islamic prayer rug, seen from the top, at the feet of the Virgin Mary, in Gentile Bellini's Madonna and Child Enthroned, late 15th century, an example of Oriental carpets in Renaissance painting. (en) Left image: The School of Athens by Raphael, a symbol of Renaissance knowledge, includes Muslim Averroes in its community of learned men. (en) |
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كان هناك قدر معين من الاتصال الثقافي بين أوروبا في عصر النهضة إلى أوائل العصر الحديث والعالم الإسلامي (في ذلك الوقت كانت ممثلة في المقام الأول بالإمبراطورية العثمانية وبلاد فارس الصفوية) البعيدة جغرافياً، ولكن تراجعت شدتها بعد الاتصال الثقافي في العصور الوسطى والحروب الصليبية وسقوط الأندلس. (ar) There was cultural contact between Europe and the Islamic world (at the time primarily represented by the Ottoman Empire and, geographically more remote, Safavid Persia) from the Renaissance to Early Modern period. Much of Europe's contact with the Islamic world was through various wars opposing the expansion of the Ottoman Empire. (en) |
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استقبال الإسلام في أوروبا الحديثة المبكرة (ar) Reception of Islam in Early Modern Europe (en) |
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