Islamic world contributions to Medieval Europe (original) (raw)
- Durant la plena edat mitjana (s. XI-XIII), el món islàmic va tenir la seva Edat d'Or cultural, i va difondre innovacions i idees a Europa, a través d'Al-Àndalus, Sicília i els Estats croats de l'Est. Aquestes incloïen traduccions llatines dels grecs clàssics i de textos àrabs d'astronomia, matemàtiques, ciències i medicina. Altres contribucions van introduir innovacions tecnològiques i científiques a través de la Ruta de la Seda, incloent invencions xineses com el paper i la pólvora. El món islàmic també va influir en altres aspectes de la cultura europea medieval, en part amb realitzades durant l'Edat d'or de l'islam, que incloïen diversos camps del coneixement com l'art, l'agricultura, l'alquímia, la música, la ceràmica, etc. D'aquest període daten moltes influències lèxiques de l'àrab a altres idiomes d'Europa occidental, com l'anglès, majoritàriament a través del francès antic. Podem trobar noms d'estels tradicionals com «Aldebaran», termes científics com «alquímia» (d'on deriva «química»), «àlgebra», «algorisme», etc. i noms de productes com «sucre», «camfor», «cotó», «cafè», etc. (ca)
- كانت مساهمات المسلمين في أوروبا العصور الوسطى متعددة، وأثرت على مجالات مختلفة كالفن والعمارة والطب والصيدلة والزراعة والموسيقى واللغة والتكنولوجيا. من القرن الحادي عشر إلى القرن الثالث عشر، نهلت أوروبا المعرفة من الحضارة الإسلامية، عن طريق نقل الكلاسيكيات وبالأخص أعمال الفيلسوف الأغريقي أرسطو، بعد ترجمتها من العربية. (ar)
- During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant. These included Latin translations of the Greek Classics and of Arabic texts in astronomy, mathematics, science, and medicine. Translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics. Other contributions included technological and scientific innovations via the Silk Road, including Chinese inventions such as paper and gunpowder. The Islamic world also influenced other aspects of medieval European culture, partly by original innovations made during the Islamic Golden Age, including various fields such as the arts, agriculture, alchemy, music, pottery, etc. Many Arabic loanwords in Western European languages, including English, mostly via Old French, date from this period. This includes traditional star names such as Aldebaran, scientific terms like alchemy (whence also chemistry), algebra, algorithm, etc. and names of commodities such as sugar, camphor, cotton, coffee, etc. (en)
- Las contribuciones islámicas a Europa medieval fueron numerosas, abarcando diversas áreas, tales como el arte, la arquitectura, la medicina, la agricultura, la música, el idioma, la tecnología y la religión . Entre los siglos XI y XV, Europa absorbió conocimiento de la civilización islámica. De particular importancia fue el redescubrimiento de los antiguos textos clásicos, sobre todo el trabajo del filósofo natural griego Aristóteles, a través de nuevas traducciones del árabe. (es)
- Sumbangsih dunia Islam terhadap Eropa abad pertengahan merupakan berbagai penemuan dan penelitian dengan jumlah yang besar di dunia Islam, yang mempengaruhi berbagai bidang yang bervariasi di Eropa seperti seni, arsitektur, kedokteran, pertanian, bahasa, teknologi dan lain-lain. Semenjak abad ke-11 sampai abad ke-13 masehi, Eropa banyak menyerap pengetahuan dari peradaban Islam. Termasuk yang dianggap penting adalah penemuan kembali teks-teks klasik Yunani kuno melalui pengalih-bahasaan dari bahasa Arab. (in)
- Il contributo islamico all'Europa medievale interessò settori diversi come l'arte, l'architettura, la medicina, l'agricoltura, la musica, il linguaggio e la tecnologia. Dall'XI al XIII secolo l'Europa assorbì le conoscenze della cultura islamica. Di particolare importanza per l'Europa furono le traduzioni attuate dagli Arabi e dai Persiani di antichi testi classici greci, tra cui le opere del filosofo Aristotele. (it)
- 伊斯蘭對中古歐洲的貢獻,影響廣及藝術,建築,醫藥,農業,音樂,語言,技術等不同領域。自11至13世紀十字軍東征及阿拉伯帝國崛起,歐洲便從伊斯蘭文明吸收各種不同的知識。尤其重要的是重新發現的古代經典文本,並經由東羅馬帝國輾轉帶回希臘及羅馬的典籍,最顯著的希臘哲學家亞里士多德的著作通過阿拉伯語重譯,其也影響爾後文藝復興發展。 (zh)
- https://books.google.com/books%3Fid=09sA4SNG2dYC&pg=PA8&dq=Mack+Eastern+luxury+Venice+Islamic&hl=en&ei=8vmUTYXABNL14AbglpjtDA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CDIQ6AEwAA%23v=onepage&q&f=false
- https://web.archive.org/web/20110727013452/http:/www.lssu.edu/faculty/jswedene/FULBRIGHT_FILES/Islamic%20Contributions%20to%20the%20West.doc
- http://bahai-library.com/cobb_islamic_contributions_civilization
- http://www.aina.org/books/hgsptta.htm
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- A page from Frederick Rosen's 1831 edition of Al-Khwarizmi's Algebra alongside the corresponding English translation. (en)
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- كانت مساهمات المسلمين في أوروبا العصور الوسطى متعددة، وأثرت على مجالات مختلفة كالفن والعمارة والطب والصيدلة والزراعة والموسيقى واللغة والتكنولوجيا. من القرن الحادي عشر إلى القرن الثالث عشر، نهلت أوروبا المعرفة من الحضارة الإسلامية، عن طريق نقل الكلاسيكيات وبالأخص أعمال الفيلسوف الأغريقي أرسطو، بعد ترجمتها من العربية. (ar)
- Las contribuciones islámicas a Europa medieval fueron numerosas, abarcando diversas áreas, tales como el arte, la arquitectura, la medicina, la agricultura, la música, el idioma, la tecnología y la religión . Entre los siglos XI y XV, Europa absorbió conocimiento de la civilización islámica. De particular importancia fue el redescubrimiento de los antiguos textos clásicos, sobre todo el trabajo del filósofo natural griego Aristóteles, a través de nuevas traducciones del árabe. (es)
- Sumbangsih dunia Islam terhadap Eropa abad pertengahan merupakan berbagai penemuan dan penelitian dengan jumlah yang besar di dunia Islam, yang mempengaruhi berbagai bidang yang bervariasi di Eropa seperti seni, arsitektur, kedokteran, pertanian, bahasa, teknologi dan lain-lain. Semenjak abad ke-11 sampai abad ke-13 masehi, Eropa banyak menyerap pengetahuan dari peradaban Islam. Termasuk yang dianggap penting adalah penemuan kembali teks-teks klasik Yunani kuno melalui pengalih-bahasaan dari bahasa Arab. (in)
- Il contributo islamico all'Europa medievale interessò settori diversi come l'arte, l'architettura, la medicina, l'agricoltura, la musica, il linguaggio e la tecnologia. Dall'XI al XIII secolo l'Europa assorbì le conoscenze della cultura islamica. Di particolare importanza per l'Europa furono le traduzioni attuate dagli Arabi e dai Persiani di antichi testi classici greci, tra cui le opere del filosofo Aristotele. (it)
- 伊斯蘭對中古歐洲的貢獻,影響廣及藝術,建築,醫藥,農業,音樂,語言,技術等不同領域。自11至13世紀十字軍東征及阿拉伯帝國崛起,歐洲便從伊斯蘭文明吸收各種不同的知識。尤其重要的是重新發現的古代經典文本,並經由東羅馬帝國輾轉帶回希臘及羅馬的典籍,最顯著的希臘哲學家亞里士多德的著作通過阿拉伯語重譯,其也影響爾後文藝復興發展。 (zh)
- Durant la plena edat mitjana (s. XI-XIII), el món islàmic va tenir la seva Edat d'Or cultural, i va difondre innovacions i idees a Europa, a través d'Al-Àndalus, Sicília i els Estats croats de l'Est. Aquestes incloïen traduccions llatines dels grecs clàssics i de textos àrabs d'astronomia, matemàtiques, ciències i medicina. Altres contribucions van introduir innovacions tecnològiques i científiques a través de la Ruta de la Seda, incloent invencions xineses com el paper i la pólvora. (ca)
- During the High Middle Ages, the Islamic world was at its cultural peak, supplying information and ideas to Europe, via Al-Andalus, Sicily and the Crusader kingdoms in the Levant. These included Latin translations of the Greek Classics and of Arabic texts in astronomy, mathematics, science, and medicine. Translation of Arabic philosophical texts into Latin "led to the transformation of almost all philosophical disciplines in the medieval Latin world", with a particularly strong influence of Muslim philosophers being felt in natural philosophy, psychology and metaphysics. Other contributions included technological and scientific innovations via the Silk Road, including Chinese inventions such as paper and gunpowder. (en)
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