Danube region Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

VI Congreso Internacional de la Asociación Española de Historia Militar (ASEHISMI) - Dominio político y expansionismo militar en la Historia. Granada, 21-24/V/2019: Las guerras dácicas de Trajano (101-106 d.C.) se saldaron con las mayores adquisiciones territoriales realizadas por el Imperio romano en el Continente europeo desde el principado de Augusto. Sin embargo, el expansionismo territorial y político, una de las causas fundamentales del conflicto entre el Imperio romano y el Estado dacio, no ha sido objeto, hasta la fecha, de un estudio concienzudo y renovador en la totalidad de sus perspectivas. Del mismo modo, la historiografía especializada ha puesto con demasiada frecuencia su atención exclusivamente sobre los motivos y procesos que llevaron al estallido del conflicto desde un punto de vista predominantemente romano, ignorando casi por completo la perspectiva del reino dacio y sus aliados en esta cuestión.
Partiendo de innovadores planteamientos en torno a la geopolítica del conflicto y sus antecedentes, esta investigación pretende abordar cómo las pretensiones territoriales y las aspiraciones a la hegemonía regional sobre el curso del Danubio y las costas del Mar Negro por parte del Estado dacio, jugaron un papel esencial en la puesta en marcha de las guerras dácicas de Domiciano y Trajano. Como veremos, desde el año 69 d.C., los soberanos dacios trataron de desplazar al poder romano del espacio danubiano mediante una astuta combinación de presión diplomática, influencia política y guerra abierta. Estos procesos se materializaron en una precisa y constante política expansionista que se extendió hasta la destrucción del reino dacio durante la segunda guerra dácica de Trajano (105-106 d.C.), llegando a desencadenar una serie de reiterados intentos para anexionar militarmente diversos territorios en la provincia romana de Mesia Inferior.
En este sentido, el Imperio romano marchó a la guerra, inicialmente, en defensa de sus propios intereses y de su amenazada hegemonía política en la región. El ascenso a la púrpura del emperador Trajano en 98 d.C. conllevaría la asunción final, por parte de Roma, de la anexión de Dacia y la expansión territorial al norte del Danubio como única solución viable a la amenaza que el Estado dacio y sus aliados suponían, no ya para la posición preponderante del Imperio en la Europa danubiana, sino incluso para su mera presencia en la región.

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- Geopolitics, Roman Dacia, Dacian civilization, Moesia inferior

Abstract: The security of demand for fossil fuels (crude oil, oil products, natural gas and coal) in the wider Central Europe is determined by energy intensity of economies, economic activity, access to maritime trade and availability of substitutes. Assuming that the Western Balkan countries are (collectively) potential providers of access to maritime trade and specific substitutes, their collective and individual governance (including cross border cooperation, use of infrastructure, urban planning, etc.) determines the actual use of that potential. If the quality of governance is not adequate, it represents an effective barrier to access for overseas traders (to use existing infrastructure), Central European traders (to trade substitutes) and investors into new
infrastructure. The introduction of inadequate governance is a device at disposal of incumbent suppliers to ensure the security of demand. The use of this device remains cost-effective as long as the costs are low, and the resource rents are high. Incumbent suppliers need a certain degree of coordination and coercive capacity of the state to avoid free riders and increase the cost-effectiveness of the device. Such barriers to trade tend to simultaneously increase the costs and risks of supplying energy to some EU consumers and the political risks for the EU as a whole. In the context of climate change, these barriers to access limit policy options and increase the social and political costs of transition to sustainable energy. The countries of the Western Balkan collectively refrain from utilising existing infrastructure and are maximising demand for boondoggle investments in new infrastructure, resource rents and financial liquidity. The likelihood of poverty reduction remains negligible low, while the risks to development aid providers are maximised.

- by Dominik Heher
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- Exhibitions, Danube region

Brutalismus im Donauraum: Bei der Suche nach einer gemeinsamen kulturellen Identität im Donauraum gibt es sicherlich viele Ansatzpunkte. Literatur, Musik, Sprachen, gemeinsame Geschichte etc. können Grundlagen liefern. Gleichzeitig ist der Donauraum in seiner Vielfalt meist eben nicht durch klar erkennbare Ähnlichkeiten zu identifizieren. Man könnte jedoch mit einer visuellen Gemeinsamkeit der Region beginnen: Das allgemeine Erscheinungsbild der Städte für Einwohner und Reisende bzw. die Einstellung der Bevölkerung gegenüber dem Baubestand. Natürlich sind Städte wie Ulm, Regensburg, Wien, Budapest, Novi Sad, Belgrad, Vidin, Ruse, Tulcea usw. sehr unterschiedlich und haben jeweils verschiedene historisch-architektonische Einflüsse erlebt. So hat beispielsweise die Habsburger-Monarchie in vielen Donaustädten ihre Spuren hinterlassen. Aber es gibt auch Einflüsse der osmanischen Zeit und vieler anderer Stile, die in den verschiedenen Ländern und Regionen entwickelt oder übernommen wurden. Auf der Reise durch den Donauraum gibt es allerdings einen Stil, der den Raum anders prägt

- by Paul F . Langer
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- Architecture, Cultural Heritage, Urban Planning, Identity (Culture)

Absztrakt A magyarországi Alsó-Duna-völgy természeti és kulturális adottságai sikeres turisztikai hasznosítást tennének lehetvé, azonban napjainkig nem alakult ki itt országos jelentség turisztikai desztináció. Ugyan az országos és régiós fejlesztési dokumentumok elirányozták a Duna-mente turisztikai fejlesztését és a 2007-2013 európai uniós költségvetési idszakban lehetség volt fejlesztések megvalósítására, 2015-re sem történt látványos elrelépés. A vizsgált térséget a Duna folyam Fejér, Tolna, Baranya és Bács-Kiskun megyéket érint szakaszának települései alkotják. A vizsgálat célja a 2007-2013 európai uniós költségvetési idszakban megvalósult fejlesztések és a 2010-2015 közötti idszak vendégforgalmának összevetése. Megállapítást nyert, hogy a fejlesztések koncentráltan a nagyobb városokat érintették, ezeken a településeken a vendégforgalom növekedése kimutatható volt. Nem tudtak viszont a fejlesztések az egész vidék turizmusára kiterjed kedvez hatást eredményezni. Elmaradt a kereskedelmi szálláshelyek fejlesztése, ami a magánszálláshelyek számának ugrásszer növekedését eredményezte a turisztikailag frekventált településeken. Abstract The natural and cultural endowments of the Hungarian Lower Danube valley could implicate a successful utilisation of tourism, though there has not evolved any tourism destination of national importance yet. The analyzed region consists of the settlements along the Danube, regarding Fejér, Tolna, Baranya and Bács-Kiskun counties. The investigation aimed at the comparison of the realized developments of the European Union budget period of 2007-2013 with the guest circulation between 2010 and 2015. The developments primarily involved the bigger cities, where the increase of guest circulation could be revealed. Nevertheless, these processes could not have a positive impact on the whole region's tourism.

- by Dávid Nagy
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- Danube River, Danube region
- by Vasile Docea
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- Romanian History, Urban History, Lower Danube, Danube region

The complex Danube–Black Sea geoecosystem, created by a unique combination of integrated biotopes and biocoenoses related forces and counter-forces in time and space, forms a rich " ichthyosystem ". The equilibrium among the fish species captured in the Danube Delta reveals its structural and functional roles in the connectivity of the Danube and Black Sea. The key role of the delta is evidenced by the fact that 57.26% of the Lower Danube– Danube Delta–North West Black Sea fish species use two or three of the subsystems in terms of habitats. Therefore , this convergence area can be considered to be a dynamic and rich " ichthyosystem " , with three subsystems. All three evolved interdependently, which permits their flexibility and adaptation in an interdependent way. The habitat heterogeneity, native economic and conservation priority fish species of the Lower Danube–Danube Delta–North Western Black Sea have decreased significantly, and there are no indications that this trend will be halted soon. The Danube " sub-ichtyosystem " seems to be more directly affected than the others. The Lower Danube–Danube Delta–North Western Black Sea " ichthyosystem " exhibits a significant level of flexibility, resilience and adaptation over geological time, but has become much more sensitive to environmental perturbations due to the last century of human impact. This " ichthyosystem " is affected by non-native fish species. The study area represents an interdependent ecological net, without which the specific " ichthyosystem " formed over geological time will disappear. The studied ecological net fish fauna is an accurate indicator of various j o u r n a l h o m e p a g e : w w w. e l s e v i e r. c o m / l o c a t e / s c i t o t e n v human pressures. The Lower Danube–Danube Delta–North West Black Sea geoecosystem, in which the Danube Delta provides the pivotal habitat element, is the matrix for a unique " ichthyosystem. " However, human impacts decrease its resilience and can induce its extinction.

- by Sonia Rey Planellas
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- Conservation Biology, Fish Biology, Danube region
- by Iulia Claudia Danilescu
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- Floating Structures, Danube region
- by Aleksandar Repedzic
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- History, Anthropology, Ethnography, Mitology

BG text. It is possible to select the text and translation with Google Translate.

- by Ivan Vajsov and +1
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Geology, GeoArcheology

BG text. It is possible to select the text and translation with Google Translate.

- by Kai Nonnenmacher
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- Fernando Pessoa, Dante Alighieri, Michel Butor, Honoré de Balzac

Las guerras dácicas de Domiciano y Trajano implicaron la desaparición violenta del Estado dacio, la civilización más importante después del propio Imperio romano y la segunda mayor potencia de la Europa del momento, consolidando a Roma como la gran superpotencia hegemónica del Continente y condicionando la política del Imperio y su situación en la región hasta la época de Marco Aurelio. A lo largo de estas páginas abordamos un análisis exhaustivo de este conflicto, sus antecedentes y sus consecuencias desde el punto de vista de la geopolítica y la estrategia de la contienda, aportando numerosas perspectivas innovadoras en torno a su auténtico alcance en la Europa Danubiana y del Este, y su impacto en el desarrollo de la historia de la región.

- by David Soria Molina
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- Geopolitics, Roman Army, Roman Dacia, Dacian civilization
- by Ionut Jescu
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- Socialism, Cossacks, Dobrogea, Tulcea
- by Aurel-Daniel STĂNICĂ and +1
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- Modern History, Medieval History, Contemporary History, Black Sea region
- by Hrvatsko arheološko društvo HAD and +9
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- Archaeology, Prehistoric Archaeology, Danube region

In The European Commission of the Danube, 1856-1948 Constantin Ardeleanu offers a history of the world’s second international organisation, an innovative techno political institution established by Europe’s Concert of Powers to remove insecurity from the Lower Danube. Delegates of rival empires worked together to ‘correct’ a vital European transportation infrastructure, and to complete difficult hydraulic works they gradually transformed the Commission into an actor of regional and international politics. As an autonomous and independent organ, it employed a complex transnational bureaucracy and regulated shipping along the Danube through a comprehensive set of internationally accepted rules and procedures. The Commission is portrayed as an effective experimental organisation, taken as a model for further cooperation in the international system.

- by Tünde Vágási
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- Latin Epigraphy, Archaeology of Roman Pannonia, Roman Dacia, Pannonia

Tuna, Almanya’nın güneyinde Karaorman (Schwarzwald) bölgesinde Breg ve Bri- gach dağ ırmaklarının birleşmesi ile meydana gelir. Orta Avrupa’daki bu nehir, Avrupa’nın Volga’dan sonra en büyük akarsuyudur. Doğduğu yerden Karadeniz’e döküldüğü Sulina Limanı'na kadar uzunluğu 2.860 km.dir. Kaynağından denize döküldüğü noktaya kadar Almanya, Avusturya, Slovakya, Macaristan, Hırvatistan, Sırbistan, Bulgaristan, Romanya, Moldova ve Ukrayna olmak üzere toplam on ülkenin topraklarından geçmektedir. Tuna Nehri, yatağında daima bol su bulundurur. Tuna’ya karışan ve onu besleyen diğer büyük akarsular da (Inn, Morava, Drava, Sava, Tisa, Jui, Olt, Argeş, Prut vb.) yelpaze şeklinde, çeşitli devletlerin içlerine kadar nehir yoluyla gitmektedirler.
Osmanlı kanunnâmelerine ağırlık vererek hazırladığımız bu çalışmada, Osmanlı’nın suyolu olan Tuna’da yapılan balık avcılığı ve bu faaliyetin ekonomik yönü incelenmiştir. Bu faaliyet, devletin koymuş olduğu kanunnâmeler ve yasaknâmeler doğrultusunda yapılmaktaydı. Nehir ve göllerin tasarrufu kendisinde olan reaya, elde edilen ürünün hasılatını devlete vergi olarak ödemektedir. Çalışmamızda bu vergiler ve oranları üzerinde durulmuştur. Geliri doğrudan devletin hâzinesine giden avlama yerlerinin yanında, mukataaya ayrılmış yerler de mevcuttur. Mültezim ve emin adındaki devlet görevlileri tarafından tahsil edilen mukataa gelirleri, serhad boylarındaki neferlerin maaşları için kullanılmaktaydı. Nehirde hareket hâlinde olan gemilerden alınan makiriyye vergisinin yanında, Tuna iskeleleri gümrük gelirleri de muntazam bir şekilde toplanmıştır. Devletin resmî görevlileri tarafından toplanan ve Tuna Defterdârlığı aracılığıyla devletin hâzinesine aktarılan balıkçılık faaliyetleri ile ilgili vergiler aynı zamanda bu faaliyetin birçok yönünü de açıklığa kavuşturacak bir mahiyet arz eder. Bu sebeple balıkçılık faaliyetlerini, bu faaliyetlerden tahsil edilen vergiler merkezli olarak ele alıp inceleyeceğiz.

- by Filiz YILDIRIM
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- River, Coast, Fishing, Balkanlar

Serbian state reached the banks of Danube in the last decade of the thirteenth century, establishing a common border with Hungary along the line from Belgrade to the river Poreč. The lands around the Danube were an area of frequent conflict between Serbia and Hungary since the beginning of the reign of Serbian ruler Stephen Dušan. After Dušan's death Hungary acquired control over the right bank of the Danube through the noble family of Rastislalići. Prince (Knez) Lazar took over Braničevo in 1379 and since then his formal title included the mention of the Danube region (Podunavlje). This notion was used in the title of Serbian rulers until 1413, which testified to the significance of this river for Serbian rulers. After the first Battle of Kosovo in 1389, the Ottomans carried out incursions in southern Hungary through the Serbian territory. In answer to these actions, Hungarian King Sigismund started his own incursions across the Danube to the area of northern Serbia. The borderline between Serbia and Hungary was fairly stable in the period from 1402 to 1427, during the rule of Despot Stephen Lazarević. After the death of Stephen in 1427 this border became “porous”. By occupying Golubac (1428) the Turks gained their first important stronghold on the banks of the Danube, while in the period from 1437 to 1439, they got hold of the entire Serbian part of the Danube region from which they planned major attacks against Hungary. Belgrade was first besieged in 1440, while the fortress Žrnov was built in 1442. The Hungarian-Serbian offensive of 1443 was launched over the Danube. When the peace was concluded, an important demand of the victorious Christian side was the return of Golubac to the restored Serbian Despotate. Although it was a part of the treaty, a clause that the Turks and Hungarians should not attack each other over Serbian territory was not respected, which was clearly demonstrated by the situation on the eve of the second Battle of Kosovo in 1448. When another Turkish attack against Serbia was launched, John Hunyadi came to help despot George in 1454, crossing the Danube near Belgrade. During the Turkish siege of Belgrade in 1456, this river proved to be of a great strategic importance for the beleaguered city since the Ottomans used navy too. Despot Lazar managed to gain a few settlements on the left bank of the Danube in 1457 (so-called “towns of the other bank”). Turkish-Hungarian border on the Danube was finally established in 1459, after the collapse of the Serbian Despotate. Conflicts between the Hungarians and Turks in the Danube area continued until the end of the fifteenth century, and even later (until 1526) with significant participation of the Serbs on both sides (major campaigns took place in 1462, 1476, 1480, 1481 etc.). The most important locations for crossing the Danube during this period were in the vicinity of fortified towns (Belgrade, Smederevo, Golubac, Kovin, Haram). Beside Belgrade and Smederevo, the main trading centres included marketplaces Subotica and Kisiljevo and village fair in Petka. In Smederevo, especially after 1444, the commerce of precious metals was highly developed. A draft of peace between the Turks and Hungary, proposed by despot George in 1449 included a clause which envisaged that Turkish merchants could trade in Belgrade, Kovin, Haram, Severin and Caransebeş. In the Danube area of southern Hungary Serbian despots acquired vast possessions from their Hungarian suzerains, including some of the passes over Danube (i.e. Slankamen and Zemun).

- by Miloš Ivanović and +1
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- Medieval History, Medieval Studies, Medieval Balkans, Medieval Hungary

A map of Dalmatia dated August 22, 1699 has been rediscovered within the historical librarian heritage of the
Institute of Marine Sciences of Venice (ISMAR-CNR).
The cartouche reports that the map is a copy of that submitted by the General Count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili to the ambassadors during the peace negotiations between the Holy League and the Ottoman Empire.
Marsili spent a long time as an Habsburg Emperor’s Officer
in the Danubian regions along the front with the Turks, during the Austro Turkish conflict (1684-1699).
Trained in Bologna, his hometown, by the leading scientists in the university as Marcello Malpighi, Geminiano Montanari and Gian Domenico Cassini, he had a rich correspondence with foreign leading scientist as Robert Hooke and Isaac Newton of the newly formed Royal Society of London, and he used his scientific culture to deepen the knowledge of the entire Danube area. Maps and geological and hydrographic profiles became
with him real scientific instruments, as well as key strategic documents and diplomats. The map found in Venice is perhaps a copy of a map without cartouche preserved in the Biblioteca
Universitaria Bolognese, that as was written on the back, it would be the original presented at the Peace of Carlowitz (January 1699). Many other papers, including unpublished manuscripts, which were found at the older headquarters of Venetian ISMAR CNR, the former Istituto di Studi Adriatici, concern the same area and time span from the end of the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries.
Thanks to a collaboration initiated with the University IUAV of Venice is ongoing cataloging, digitization and geolocation of historical maps, which will make available to scholars and the public a documentary heritage still largely unexplored.

- by Alessandro Ceregato
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- History, European History, Cartography, Early Modern History

Die Europäische Donau-Akademie (EDA) hat sich seit ihrer Gründung im Jahr
2008 zu einer wichtigen Plattform für den Austausch von Ideen, Meinungen
und Informationen zum gesamten Donauraum entwickelt. Mit vielfältigen
Projekten und Publikationen trägt sie zur Förderung von Austausch, Wissenschaft
und Bildung und damit aktiv zum Erfolg der EU-Strategie für den
Donauraum bei. Dieser Band beschreibt den Kontext ihrer Arbeit und
präsentiert eine Auswahl ihrer Projekte der vergangenen Jahre.
Eines der bedeutendsten Projekte ist die Danube School-Reihe, die 2014
begann und seither 14 Veranstaltungen im ganzen Donauraum hervorgebracht
hat. Die meist einwöchigen Danube Schools zu verschiedenen auf den
Donauraum bezogenen Themen richten sich an postgraduierte Studierende,
junge WissenschaftlerInnen und Berufstätige aus den Donauländern und
finden großen Anklang bei den Teilnehmenden, den ReferentInnen und in der
Öffentlichkeit. Die vorliegende Publikation stellt die Ergebnisse des Netzwerks
von "Danube Schools" im Jahr 2018 vor und dokumentiert den aktuellen
Stand der Reihe.
Wichtiger Bestandteil der Danube School-Reihe ist die Projektwerkstatt, in der
Projektideen für den Donauraum entwickelt werden. Teile dieser Projekte wie
auch wissenschaftliche Beiträge der Teilnehmenden und ReferentInnen
der 5. Danube School in Ulm/Neu-Ulm, der 4. Danube Spring School in
Novi Sad/Serbien, der 3. Sommeruniversität der Andrássy Universität
Budapest/Ungarn und der 1. Danube School in Ruse/Bulgarien werden hier
ebenfalls veröffentlicht - teils in Deutsch und teils in Englisch.

- by Paul F . Langer and +8
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- Eastern European Studies, Education, Culture, European Union

In the classical period, the Ottoman State established its political, economic and social presence through its own institutions. However, defeats in the military arena in the 19th century brought the quest for innovation. Innovations initiated in the military arena and have been expanded into every area of the empire and the empire entered into a westernization process.
In the context of westernization process, the Ottoman State passed from the eyalet system to the vilayet system. This system, the first example of which we have seen with the province of Tuna, was realized with the admission of the 1864 Provincial Regulation. Investments were made during the period examined in the whole of the Tuna province where Midhat Pasha was brought to the office of government, and social, economic and institutional reforms were made. Midhat Pasha's managerial capacities were influential at the basis of the innovation movement, and the innovations in the Tuna province set an example for other Ottoman regions.
“Tuna Vilayet Gazetesi” became the official newspaper of the Tuna Province and served the readers of the Ottoman newspapers reflecting the general and external world. The news of the 19th century in the context of transformation in the Ottoman economy reflects mainly agricultural, commercial and social change. Commercialization of agricultural land from private ownership in agriculture; The establishment of companies from the abolishment of the commercial area system; In the social area, trainings on the construction of railways are found in many traces. The findings obtained from the newspaper were used to examine the transformation of the Ottoman State in the westernization process.

The archaeological discoveries dating from the period between 700-900 CE in the Carpathian-Danube region, according to their typological features, are conventionally divided into several cultures. The historiographical differences regarding the cultural concepts peculiar to the early Middle Ages are mainly concerned with the chronological
and ethnic classification of the discoveries. In Transylvania, the archaeological sites dating from the 8th-10th century are concentrated in several cultural groups − Medias, Gambas, Nusfalau, Blandiana, Ciumbrud, Cluj. Most of the discoveries from Moldavia, Walachia and some materials from Transylvania were interpreted by the Romanian historiography as the first stage of the Dridu culture (Hlincea culture). This culture is also known in the relevant literature under the names of the Balkan-Danube, Carpathian-Danube, Balkan-Carpathian Culture or the Culture of the First Bulgarian Tsardom. There is no consensus in historiography regarding the area of these cultures’ territorial extent and
even concerning their ethnic attribution. In Soviet historiography, the discoveries from the 8th-10th century from the Prut-Dniester area were associated with the Luka Rajkoveckaja culture, while some settlements in the central and southern parts of this region were attributed to the Balkan-Danube culture (Dridu culture). This paper, therefore,
discusses various aspects of these interpretations, based on archaeological data, historical evidence, and historiographical opinions.

This publication presents the results of the Danube Schools network in 2019 and documents the current status of the series. An important component of the Danube School series is the project workshop, in which project ideas for the Danube region are developed. Parts of these projects as well as scientific contributions by participants and speakers of the 6th Danube School in Ulm/Neu-Ulm (Germany), the 5th Danube Spring School in Novi Sad (Serbia), the 4th Summer University of the Andrássy University Budapest (Hungary) and the 2nd Danube School event in Ruse (Bulgaria) are also published here - partly in German and partly in English.

- by Paul F . Langer and +3
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- Cultural Studies, Eastern European Studies, European Studies, Danube region

Luigi F. Marsigli (1658-1730) was a descendant of a noble family of Bologna, adventurer and soldier, virtuoso and erudite, who drew much intelligence and versatility. This paper will attempt to present a historical reconstruction and brief presentation of the scientific work of the polymath and also a review of his capital work Danubius Pannonico-Mysicus, which talks about the Danube. The research was inspired first, a meager fund of data in Serbian and Yugoslav historiography. Analysis of historical sources in consultation with the synthesis of existing research of my opinion in the work, will give a new result and a new assessment of the work of Count Marsigli.

- by Aleksandar M . Gajić
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- Habsburg Studies, Ottoman-Habsburg relations, Danube, Bologna

When speaking about monastic landscapes we usually think about hills and valleys, sometimes about the settlements in a region, but much less about rivers. The Danube, however, is an exception, it played an outstanding role in the spatial organization of the Carpathian Basin. It was always a major water highway connecting Western Europe with the Hungarian Kingdom and the Balkans; its fords were important junctions connecting the eastern Carpathian Basin with the western part. No wonder that many early centers
were located along its banks from the earliest period of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. However, perhaps surprisingly, none of the monasteries founded by King (Saint) Stephen I were on the Danube. Altogether, 26 ecclesiastic institutions were established along the Danube within the borders of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary, from the mid-eleventh to the mid-thirteenth century, before the Mongol invasion. Since the foundation of a monastery is a significant investment, site selection was certainly not random. In fact, the evolution of a monastic network is one of the indicators of regional development.

- by Maria A Stassinopoulou and +1
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- Romanian History, Balkan Studies, Habsburg Studies, Serbian history

1787-1792 Osmanl-Avusturya, Rus harplerinde Bender Kalesi'nin Ruslarca işgali.

- by Cengiz Fedakar
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- Ottoman Military History, Castles and Fortifications, Danube region

In September 2014, the European Danube Academy invited 23 students from six Danube Countries to take part in the first Danube Summer School in Ulm / Neu-Ulm to discuss opportunities and challenges of the Danube Region in an interdisciplinary setting. This publication documents the event, the thoughts and discussions. The compiled contributions of participants and speakers made it clear that the Danube Region can be perceived as a concept that constitutes a feeling of belonging and thus promotes a regional european identity. The EU strategy for the Danube Region has generated great hopes and expectations, especially on the central and lower Danube - However many hopes are yet to be fulfilled. In addition to presenting the event, this publication provides speakers and participants with space for their personal assessments as well as for Danube Region-related research. While the first part contains comments and suggestions, the second part presents scientific papers from participants. The contributions are partly written in German and partly in English. For more information on the Danube Summer School series of the European Danube Academy, please visit the website www.danubesummerschool.eu.

- by Paul F . Langer and +1
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- Economics, Social Sciences, Higher Education, South East European Studies
- by Ionut Jescu
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- Socialism, Cossacks, Tulcea, Danube region

In Straubing in Niederbayern existierte in der Spätlatènezeit eine unbefestigte Großsiedlung als zentraler Handelsort sowie weitere Siedlungskonzentrationen unterschiedlicher Größe, Struktur und Funktion in deren Hinterland. Die Lage der Siedlungen in der Landschaft lässt vermuten, dass sie ein und derselben soziopolitischen Gemeinschaft angehörten, die ihr Territorium durch siedlungsleere Zonen abgrenzte.
Als Ausgangspunkte der differenzierten spätlatènezeitlichen Besiedlungsstruktur sind Einzelgehöfte und kleine Weiler der Stufe Lt B anzunehmen, die sich in der Mittellatènezeit zu größeren Agglomerationen entwickelten. Dabei gehen die Lt B-zeitlichen Neugründungen wenigsten zum Teil auf Immigranten aus dem ostkeltischen Raum zurück. Weitere Zuwanderungen erfolgten in der Stufe Lt D1b aus dem germanischen Kulturbereich.
Das Ende der latènezeitlichen Besiedlung fällt in Straubing nach aktuellem Forschungsstand in die Stufe Lt D2, d.h. in die zweite Hälfte des 1. Jahrhunderts v. Chr. Aufgrund der Überlieferung des keltischen Ortsnamens „Sorviodurum“ in der tabula peutingeriana ist es aber wahrscheinlich, dass eine Restbevölkerung bis zur römischen Okkupation in frühflavischer Zeit in der Umgebung von Straubing ansässig blieb.

- by Filiz YILDIRIM
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- Shipping, Danube Delta, Danube River, Danube region
- by Marijeta Bozovic
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- Film Studies, Transnationalism, Film Analysis, Documentary (Film Studies)

The borders of Lower Austria, Burgenland, southern Moravia, southwestern Slovakia and Hungarian Transdanubia geographically determine the northeast alpine region of Hallstatt culture, territories of the Kalenderberg and Horákov cultures (ca. 800-400 BC). The Danube was intensively used for communication, and numerous interactions with the west-Hallstatt environment can be observed from the beginning of the Hallstatt period in this region. This contribution identifies objects and elements, which could be assessed as influences from the western Hallstatt culture into the northeastern Alpine region. It discusses the rate of acceptance and integration of western components into the development and representation of the Hallstatt culture. It analyses chronological and chorological aspects of these relations, which are projected on distribution maps. The most important communication route mediating those impulses was the Danube communication, which was intensively used during the Early Iron Age.

Ab etwa 1480 realisiert Hofbaumeister Ulrich Pesnitzer unter Herzog Georg von Bayern-Landshut mit der Burg von Burghausen an der Salzach ein Ausbauprojekt nach modernsten Maßstäben. Nach einem durchdachten Gesamtkonzept werden hier Residenz, Bollwerk und Amtssitz vereint. Vorbereitende Studien der Verfasserin haben gezeigt, dass solche Großbauprojekte nicht nur in Einzelfällen als Gesamtheit ‚lesbar‘ sind: In der Konzeptualisierung manifestiert sich als ein Charakteristikum des herrschaftlichen Bauens im späten 15. Jahrhundert auch das intellektuelle Zeitgeschehen.
An der bis dato noch wenig erforschten Verbindung von Architektur und den Ideen des frühen Humanismus setzt die Dissertation an. Zum ersten Mal soll die Anlage der Burg Burghausen als politische Architektur untersucht und gedeutet werden. Die Burg eignet sich dafür ideal: von immensem finanziellen und personellem Aufwand war der Ausbau das damals bedeutendste Bauprojekt im Territorium der sog. Reichen Herzöge, deren sprichwörtlicher Reichtum von einer Periode wirtschaftlicher Prosperität und politischer Vormachtstellung zeugt. Vergleichendes Arbeiten bringt Burghausen zudem erstmals in den Kontext zeitgenössischer internationaler Bauprojekte. Dabei werden auch die stilistischen Entwicklungen differenzierter als bisher betrachtet und neue Erkenntnisse zur Diskussion gestellt.

- by Danijel Džino
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- History, Ancient History, Archaeology, Classical Archaeology
- by danu panja
- •
- Danube region, Danu

This paper represents a review of the description of the state of Trajan ́s
Bridge, at the beginning of the 18th century. A record of the state of this
monumental construction, with certain drawings, has been made by the
Italian count Luigi Ferdinando Marsili from Bologna, who took part in the
military service of the Habsburg monarchy. Apart from the description of
the remains of the construction itself, my idea, as of a historian, is to
present count Marsili ́s versatile personality, with a special emphasis on
his tendency for interdisciplinarity in the scientific sense, as well as his
erudite skill combined with his unusual sense for description. It is
important to take these traits into account when studying his monumental literary work
"Danubius Pannonico - Mysicus", where the above - mentioned descriptions can be found.

- by Aleksandar M . Gajić
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- European History, Roman History, Architecture, Central European history