Political System Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Social Change, Law, Philosophy, International Law

The study aims to provide an analysis and systematize the complex of factors influencing the transformation of party systems. We attempt to identify the relationship between their general and specific influences in particular countries to explore the transformation process's general patterns and national characteristics in European Union's political spaceion. This study's method is based on an overview of the unique bibliography collected by the researchers, which includes sources devoted to the study of foreign parties and party systems in the European Union by modern political scientists. The analysis shows the specification of internal and external factors that influence the adaptation of the political parties and systems to the EU's changing situation, country, and society. The modern transformation of political parties and party systems in the EU is caused by the phenomenon of globalization, the financial and economic crisis of 2008-2009, the overlapping migration crisis of 2015-2026, Brexit and changes in the institutional environment, and the democratic deficit in the EU itself. The obtained results have verified the research hypothesis. This study discussed modern tendencies in the transformation of political parties and political space in the European Union under the influence of different, controversial but discrete factors of development and complete explanation about the essence of new types of political parties

- by Lifescience Global Canada
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- European Studies, Europe, Political System, Political Party
- by Carol Hardy-Fanta
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- Public Administration, Social Policy, Political Science, Economic policy
- by Walter Nicholls
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- Economics, Collective Action, Urban And Regional Planning, Political System

Здійснюється аналіз процесів модернізації політичної системи Ісламської Республіки Іран, її специфічних рис. Досліджується вплив соціокультурних чинників на темпи, форми і результати трансформації сучасних політичних інститутів Ірану, визначається ступень їхньої ефективності у підтриманні функціонування суспільства та його захисті від зовнішнього тиску. Ключові слова: Іран, модернізація, політична система, соціальна політика, шиїзм. Пророченко Н. А. Иранский опыт модернизации: общественно-политический аспект. Анализируются процессы модернизации политической системы Исламской Республики Иран, ее специфических черт. Исследуется влияние социокультурных факторов на темпы, формы и результаты трансформации современных политических институтов Ирана, определяется степень их эффективности в поддержании функционирования общества и его защите от внешнего давления.

- by Nataliia Prorochenko
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- Modernization, Iran, Political System, Social Politic
- by Jennie C Stephens
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- Climate Change, Political Science, Energy Policy, Network Analysis
- by Sören Holmberg
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- Voting Behavior, Political Parties, Political Science, Politics

The information society has developed with differing levels of success in Western Europe and the United States, as well as in Eastern Europe. E-government – a significant element of the information society – has an important and leading role in some countries, while elsewhere it lags well behind the development level seen in the private sector, non-governmental organisations, and even among citizens. Different strategies and action plans have been adopted in many countries, with different results being achieved against a backdrop of optimistic forecasts and hopes. Though Slovenia has become a new member of the European Union, Slovenian public administration still retains many characteristics of the old political system and is attempting to successfully apply egovernment in practice, both in terms of back-office and front-office operations. Its development has been underway for just a few years, and includes some areas that match the national strategy and plans, and some areas that d...

- by Mateja Kunstelj
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- Public Administration, Western Europe, Eastern Europe, Information Society

ABSTRACT Historically, researchers have addressed pricing issues from many different perspectives, including the firm's business model (cost structure, experience curve), stakeholders (customers and channel partners), competition (market structure and intensity), and macroeconomic issues (interest rates, economic growth). An important dimension of organizational price setting that has been neglected is the impact that the firm's internal political system, reflected in interdepartmental coordination and rivalry, has upon price setting. A study of managers who are influential in shaping the firm's pricing strategy was conducted to identify intraorganizational issues and their relative impact on the firm's pricing strategy. The results of the study provide important implications for the development and execution of a firm's pricing strategy.

- by Richard Lancioni
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- Marketing, Political Economy, Economic Growth, Market Structure

PR systems often are credited with producing more equitable outcomes between political parties and encouraging wider social group representation than majoritarian systems. Theory suggests that this should instill greater trust, efficacy, and faith in the political system. We assume that citizens disadvantaged by majoritarian rules (political minorities) will have a relatively greater shift toward positive attitudes about democracy following a

- by Todd Donovan
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- Political Parties, Political Science, Social Groups, Electoral Studies
- by Christopher Lord
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- Law, Political Science, Political System, Public Administration and Policy
- by Gusztav Nemes
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- Rural Development, Local Development, European Union, Policy making
- by Richard Nobles
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- Law, Criminal Justice, Political Science, Political System
- by Susanne Mühleisen
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- Cognitive Science, Philosophy, Pragmatics, English

Within river basins different social, economic, political and physical subsystems interact. When making decisions, policy makers should be aware of such interactions as any new policy will affect more than one subsystem. To determine the adequacy of a specific management policy, an integrated study is needed of a complicated water management system in the basin considering major physical, social, economic and political aspects. The Zayandeh-Rud river basin, in central Iran with a semi-arid climate and large agricultural, industrial and domestic water uses, is an example of a complicated watershed system where the lack of complete knowledge about all the interacting subsystems has led to failure of the policy makers in addressing the water shortage in the basin. Although water shortages occur fairly soon after completion of each new water source, transbasin water diversion is still the major policy of water planners to address ongoing shortages. System dynamics provides a unique framework for integrating the disparate physical, socio-economic and political systems important to watershed management. This approach is used to comprehend the interactions of different drivers of the problem and to convey the experiences, lessons learned, and perceptions gained during the model development process. A simulation model, built based on causal loop diagrams of the problem, shows that transbasin diversion is not the best and only solution to the problem. The results of the model for different scenarios suggest that various options of demand management and population control can be more effective in addressing the water crisis of the basin when combined with transbasin water diversions, increasing water storage capacity and controlling of groundwater withdrawal.

- by Kaveh Madani
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- System Dynamics, Climate, Water Resources Management, Multidisciplinary
- by André Krouwel
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- Political Parties, Political Science, West European Politics, Separation of Powers
- by Janvier D. Nkurunziza
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- Resource Allocation, Political System, Economic performance
- by John Keeler
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- Political Science, Policy making, Case Study, United States

Over the past decade, and especially over the past few years, political corruption, fraud and violence in the Philippines have reached such alarming levels that many Filipinos have grown despondent, even cynical, about their country's political system. Exploring the suitability of the concepts of ‘predatory state’ and ‘patrimonial oligarchic state’ to the Philippines, I find that the regime rather than the state is the more appropriate unit of analysis. I argue that the predatory regime, controlled by a rapacious elite, that held sway during the years of the dictator Marcos, has made a comeback in the Philippines. Under the governments of President Joseph Estrada and Gloria Macapagal Arroyo, traditional clientelism has given way to pervasive corruption, a systematic plunder of government resources and the rapid corrosion of public institutions into tools for predation. Instead of just being a throwback to the ‘old corruption’ of the Marcos era, however, the current predatory regime represents a ‘new corruption’ adapted to the ways of economic and political liberalization. While not as authoritarian as Marcos' regime, it has growing authoritarian tendencies: centralization of power in the executive; heightened repression; rigged elections; a much weakened rule of law; numerous political appointees in the bureaucracy; and increased influence of the military. A shift to naked authoritarianism, however, cannot be ruled out. As forces for democratic reform are much too weak, the predatory regime may be around for some time or it could give way, at best, to a more traditional clientelist electoral regime. Prospects for democratic consolidation in the Philippines in the near future appear bleak.

- by Nathan Gilbert Quimpo
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- Political Science, Rule of Law, Pacific, Political System
- by Sandra Rebok
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- Political System, French Colonial History, Old World, Point of View
- by samuel schmidt
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- Sociology, Anthropology, Social Networks, Political Parties
- by Metodi Sotirov
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- Natural Resources, Collective Action, Applied Economics, Policy Analysis

In 1995 the FDRE constitution institutionalized multi-party democracy and since then Ethiopia held five consecutive national elections which tested the journey of Ethiopian democratization process. The central objective of this paper is to explore democratization process in Ethiopia by focusing on the challenges and prospects of post 1991 situations. To this end qualitative methodology was employed to gather data from secondary sources. For this purpose journal Articles, official documents, constitution and other legal documents and policies were used. Based upon the data the study revealed that the post 1991 FDRE Constitution espouse new democracy friendly laws and orders which contain detail lists of human rights, introduction of multi-party politics and commencement of democratic institutions which are amicable development for democratization process in the country. However, there are problems in implementing these opportunities on the grounds. Among others, the 2005 election aftermath political and legal measures (CSO Law, Press Law and Anti-Terrorism Law), authoritative nature of Ethiopian politics, weakness of actors in democratization process, Political polarization among political parties, weakness of democratic institutions and corruption are the major challenges to the realization of democratization process in Ethiopia. Hence, the study implies the need for reforming the 2005 election aftermath politico-legal measures on the one hand and strengthens actors in democratization process and democratic institutions on the other hand.

- by Shimellis Hailu
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- Comparative Politics, Human Rights, Foreign Policy, Political Institutions
- by Michael Adeyemi
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- Social Studies, Political System, Pastoral care in education, Secondary School

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are increasing the influence they are able to play on global politics. As far as they represent political values, interests, and demands that cut across the borders of the states. Furthermore, they participate in many trans-national and world-level actions and programs, and are recognized also by policy-makers as actors of the world political system, the reserved domain of the states. For this reason, it is quite safe to say that they have an impact on the transformation of the structure and processes of world politics. At the same time, it is safe not concealing that the NGOs effective actorness continues to depend on the access given to them by state governments and international organizations (IOs) to international institutions and common decision-making processes and actions. This chapter analyses the participation of NGOs in humanitarian intervention and peace operations. Knowledge about this area of action is of great importance to underst...

- by Daniela Irrera
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- Social Movements, Public Opinion, International Law, International organizations
- by Helmut Kloos
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- Sociology, Primary Care, Anthropology, Primary Health Care

Diktat ini disusun oleh Tejo Nurseto, M.Pd. dan Anik Widiastuti, S.Pd. Jurusan Pendidikan Ilmi Pengetahuan Sosial, Fakultas Ilmu Sosial, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta.
Diktat ini didownload dari Internet.

- by Dsantos Piswan
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- Political System
- by Susan Rose-Ackerman
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- Good Governance, Tax Avoidance, Profitability, Political System
- by Bob Jessop
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- Marxism, Politics, Political Representation, Karl Marx

Downloadable! There are three major theoretical perspectives on tax compliance. The first theory perceived that tax compliance is deterred by sanction (Title, C. 1980). Second Theory perceived tax compliance as purely economic decision... more

- by Norkhazimah Ahmad
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- Service Quality, Public Procurement, Factor analysis, Tax Compliance

This study analyses the interplay between the high and the low, or local, level of Hasidic political engagement, an important matter, that has been so far neglected. The best‐known actions of Hasidic shtadlanim (political intercessors), such as interventions by Rabbi Isaac of Warka or Rabbi Menehem Mendel Schneersohn, occurred at the highest state levels, and attempted to influence regulations of a general nature. This portrays Hasidic politics as being chiefly engaged in solving general problems for the whole Jewish community. Nevertheless, it is not unreasonable to suppose that significant sections of Hasidic politics were not concerned with general issues at state level, but rather, with small local conflicts and individual problems. Thus, seeking to find similarities and links between Hasidic macro politics and local community politics appears to constitute a legitimate question. Were these local activities in any way connected or dependent on wider national politics? Did any structural similarities exist between them and, if so, what was their source? What implications did this have on the relations between the leaders and community in a non‐democratic political system such as the Kingdom of Poland? The article discusses an episode from Będzin, a medium‐sized town in the south of the Congress Kingdom, where the local Hasidic group clashed with the communal rabbi‐informer, Hersz Rozynes. The detailed analysis of the case demonstrates that in a highly bureaucratised and centralised state, there were no political undertakings that could be classified as purely local. Every intervention in a local matter required state‐level competences and triggered administrative procedures reaching far into the central government. This made local, communal politics dependent upon state‐level professional intercessors, and so paved the way to the increasing professionalisation of Hasidic – and more generally Jewish – politics in the course of the nineteenth century.

- by Marcin Wodzinski
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- Cultural Studies, Eastern Europe, Politics, Nineteenth Century
- by Sudarsan Padmanabhan
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- Cultural Identity, Civil Society, Political System, Cultural difference
- by Peter Starke
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- Sociology, Political Economy, Social Policy, Political Parties
- by Lisa J. Lucero
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- Archaeology, Political Economy, Maya Archaeology, World Prehistory
- by Eric W Welch
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- Political Science, Public sector, Case Study, Political System

This paper attempts to define the concept of the deep state, and discuss the elements that are fundamental to the core of the concept of the deep state. It aims to show the difference between the existing or apparent state and the deep state, by highlighting the characteristics and forms of the two states. The paper tried to determine the relationship between the deep state and the existing state in some countries, and it became clear that the concept of the deep state is limited and specific to each country and varies according to its political system and its historical and political conditions. Therefore, the paper concludes that the deep state interests differ from one country to another according to the system of government, and may correspond with the directions of the existing state, and those interests may conflict. But as a general result, the more true democracy, accountability and deliberation take root in governance, the weaker the deep state. There is no way to weaken the deep state's strength except by good governance based on true democracy, and the real embodiment of the state of right and law.

- by Abdelmadjid Ramdane
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- Political Science, State, Political System, Deep State
- by Gianfranco Pasquino
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- Political Science, Political System, European, European political cultures

This paper investigates ways in which political obstacles inhibit the formulation and implementation of sustainable tourism development in small-island developing states through the example of North Cyprus. The methodology draws on in-depth interviews and participant observation of significant actors in the tourism sector. The research findings suggest that understanding the intricate political system and power structure in a society is the key to understanding sustainable tourism policy development, planning and implementation. In the case of North Cyprus, policy development was found to be a product of political influence (referred to as ego-driven politics in the text), specifically the use of public resources as an instrument for political power, retention and that the politicisation of the public sector is the underlying cause of the weakened progress in sustainable tourism development. It is therefore essential to have a clear understanding of political issues, key political actors’ interests and how to mitigate personal interests to facilitate and maintain sustainable tourism development in such small states.

- by Fevzi Okumus
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- Marketing, Tourism Management, Politics, Case Studies
- by Janvier Nkurunziza
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- Resource Allocation, Political System, Economic performance
- by Siri Gloppen
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- Law, Constitutional Law, Political System

Climate change policies currently pay disproportionately greater attention to the mitigation of climate change through emission reductions strategies than to adaptation measures. Realising that the world is already committed to some... more

- by Tim O'Riordan and +1
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- Climate Change, Climate change policy, Global Environmental Change, Social learning
- by Danie Pienaar and +2
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- Environmental Change, Biological Sciences, Environmental Sciences, South Africa
- by Andrea Goldstein
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- Corporate Governance, Financial Crisis, European Commission, Political System
- by Klaus Popa
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- Constitutional Law, Legitimacy and Authority, Propaganda, Legal History
- by Radha D'Souza
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- International Law, Multidisciplinary, Social Context, United States

Economic factors are among the many reasons that researchers consider as the causes of the collapse of Iranian governments during the Islamic era, what are being studies in the researches of contemporary scholars who want to recognize the economic roots of decadence and fall of them. A review on harmful economic changes occurred in the period of Safavids ruling in the mid-17th century can help us to clarify the causes of their fall and to find out the false beliefs about economic development throughout the Safavid period. On the basis of reliable written resources and through theoretical researches, it has been tried in present study to mention the weakness of Iran's fundamental structures during the period of Safavids and the effect of several factors such as governmental monopoly, reduction of revenues in goods transit, the heterogeneity of foreign trade capability, neglecting of agricultural optimization, etc. on the decline of the political system. The results show how various internal factors, such as: the government monopoly, and its weakness in economic planning, and the problems caused by war and instability, on one hand, and external factors such as: financial and commercial increasing of foreign competitors' capability and damages caused by reduced surveillance and increased border threats led to the collapse of Iran's economic structure and then the fall of the Safavid government.

Lindblom's 1959 article on incrementalism is one of the most cited works in social science.11A citation search was conducted on Lindblom's 1959 and (follow-up) 1979 articles, yielding 1112 citations. This article examines and probes five of the theory's basic, underlying assumptions in light of current empirical and theoretical approaches. The five assumptions are: (1) the limited nature of rationality and

- by Leslie Pal
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- Sociology, Globalization, Decision Making, Political Science