Sectarianism Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

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- Middle East Studies, Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, Syria
- by Bou Akar, Hiba
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- Violence, Middle East Studies, Urban Anthropology, War Studies
- by Fanar Haddad and +1
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- International Relations, Middle East Studies, Islamic Contemporary Studies, Identity politics

Die Warschauer Anhänger des jüdischen Pseudomessias Jakob Frank und die Glaubensenthusiasten um die St. Petersburger Prophetin Ekaterina Tatarinova pflegten kirchliche und ausserkirchliche sowie rabbinische und nichtrabbinische religiöse Praxen zugleich. Aus vergleichender lebensweltlicher und mikrohistorischer Betrachtung entwickelt die Autorin das Konzept der "situativen Religiosität", um die Selbstverortungsstrategien dieser Gläubigen zu beschreiben. Das Konzept bricht das vorgelagerte Verständnis von hoogenen religiösen Identitäten auf und zeigt die Gleichzeitigkeit mehrfacher religiöser Identitäten als besonderes Phänomen der Epoche am Vorabend der religiös pluralistischen Industriegesellschaften, ohne diese Identitäten als marginal, deviant oder korrupt zu lokalisieren.

- by Andrey Dedov
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- Sectarianism, Ecstatic Religious Experience, Ecstasy, Mistycism

This piece is a rejoinder to a big fixer & ideologue of the RSS, Ram Madhav's article (‘What Dalits want’, The Indian Express, April 14) on Dr Ambedkar's 125th birth anniversary. The fake and untruthful Hindutva compassion for Dalits is... more

- by Shamsul Islam
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- Indian Politics, Sectarianism, Ambedkar Studies, Hindutva
- by Candace Lukasik
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- Egypt, Sectarianism, Copts

It presents a brief history of the role of religion in the history of Syria and the Middle East from early Roman times to the rise of ISIS, with particular relevance to understanding the genesis of the regional civil war sparked in 2011 as a result of the Arab Spring uprisings. It contains portraits of Syria's religious and sectarian communities, describes their origins and development over time, and identifies sources of intractable conflict among some groups. Its source material varies from primary source documents to books, magazines, Web sites, and ruminations on personal experience that that mix memoir with historical perspective. It fills a gap in recent years with respect to scholarship on the relationship among Middle Eastern Sunni Muslims, Shiites, Christians, and sects perceived as heretical or nontraditional such as Alawite, Bahai, Druze, Mandaean, and Yezidi. It engages with recent scholarship on religious studies, economic history, the study of democratization, Syrian history, and history of the Baath Arab Socialist Party in Iraq and Syria.

- by Mark Tomass
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- Middle East Studies, Civil War, Syrian Studies, Sectarianism

This is a marketing abstract from my book – pages 1 to 10 of the first chapter.

The article deals with the «Inochentist movement» in the early 20th century in connection to the «national question» in Bessarabia. It shows the preconditions of the movement’s emergence in its pre-1917 history and explores the reactions of ecclesiastic and secular actors to the phenomenon. The threat of Moldovans’ falling away from the official Russian Orthodoxy made the authorities of eparchy and gubernia to seek a compromise. As a result, the struggle with the Inochentist movement led to the legalization of the «cultural current» in the Moldavian nationalist movement.

- by Oleg Grom
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- Nationalism, Russian Orthodoxy, Sectarianism, Moldova
- by Daragh Curran
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- Irish Associational Culture, Irish Politics, Protestantism, Freemasonry

The main aim of this study is to explore the role of social identity in inter-group discriminatory behavioral patterns among the religious groups of Shiite and Sunni in the capital city of Pakistan. The theoretical framework of social identity proposed by Tajfel and Turner was utilized to look into socio-cognitive processes influencing the inter-group settings. For selection of the respondents from both religious groups, purposive sampling technique was utilized. The gathered data in the study was looked into with respect to the social identity theory. The results of the study suggested that socio-cognitive processes of social categorization, social identification and social comparison in the individuals resulted in discriminatory patterns in the inter-group relations among the Shiite and Sunni religious schools of thought. The data also illustrated that additional factors of international actor’s involvement, state policies, socialization process and real/ perceived deprivation inf...

Voici la première étude sur la guerre civile syrienne faite à partir d’entretiens réalisés en Syrie même et dans les pays voisins. 2011 : des centaines de milliers de Syriens de toutes confessions et origines ethniques manifestent pacifiquement pour réclamer la démocratisation du régime. La violence de la répression les contraint à prendre les armes, à organiser une contre-société et à regrouper des unités militaires improvisées au sein de l’Armée syrienne libre.
Après 2013, cette logique inclusive et unanimiste cède progres- sivement devant la montée des groupes transnationaux comme le PKK et l’État islamique, marginalisant les groupes les plus modérés.
Comment se structure l’économie de guerre? Quels sont les effets de la guerre sur la société syrienne? Quelles nouvelles hiérarchies communautaires et sociales résultent de la violence généralisée? Comment les trajectoires sociales des Syriens sont-elles affectées?
Un livre unique qui combine une recherche de terrain – rare sur le conflit syrien – et une réflexion théorique novatrice sur les situations de guerre civile.

- by Adam Baczko
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- Political Science, Revolutions, Syrian Studies, Insurgency/Counterinsurgency(COIN)
- by Yahya Birt
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- Trade unionism, Liverpool and Merseyside, Islam, Sectarianism

Saudi Arabia and Iran are engaged in a strenuous competition in the Middle East to protect and promote their respective spheres of influence, to each other's detriment. This qualitative study traces the structural sources of this competition while taking cue from the history. It argues that demise of Saddam Hussein, Iraq's plunging into civil war, and Arab Spring leading to violent movements in Syria, Libya, Bahrain, and Yemen accentuated Saudi-Iran competition in the region. Study finds that the sources of their rivalry lie at structural level and can be understood by focusing upon their aspiration for the Muslim world leadership, religio-sectarianism, antithetical governance structure, and Iranian nuclear program.

- by Dr Muhammad Nadeem Mirza and +1
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- International Relations, Middle East Studies, Iranian Studies, Politics
- by Nikolaos Van Dam
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- Middle East Studies, Israel/Palestine, Lebanon, Syria

Elahi’s study on Islamist terrorism in Pakistan focuses on the period since the year 2001 and in particular on the Taḥrīk-e Ṭālibān Pākistān (TTP) rebellion. Anatol Lieven authored the book’s foreword (pp. xii-xiv). In the introduction (pp. 1-9) Elahi links the rise of Islamist extremism and sectarian violence in Pakistan to state-sponsored jihadi activities to counter the Soviet invasion of Afghanistan as well as to Pakistan’s failure to formulate a national counter-terrorism strategy.

- by Thomas K Gugler
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- Terrorism, Pakistan, Taliban, Sectarianism
- by Abbas Assi
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- Lebanon, Syria, Sectarianism, Rafik Hariri
- by Albert I. Baumgarten
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- Jewish Studies, Second Temple Judaism, Rabbinics, Rabbinic Literature
- by Павло Єремєєв
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- Sectarianism, Russian Old Believers

This chapter traces the birth, rise, and evolution of political movements in Bahrain throughout the long twentieth century, taking as its starting point the beginning of direct British presence in the local political scene in 1900, and ending with the aftermath of the mass protests that engulfed the islands in 2011. It highlights four intersecting dichotomies that have characterized these political movements across time: trans-sectarian versus ethnosectarian, national versus transnational, reformist versus revolutionary, and public versus underground. It sheds light on the importance of externally imposed structural factors on local developments on the island, including British colonial absolutist rule, the discovery of oil and the subsequent fluctuation in the commodity's global prices, and the rise of American hegemony. Taking its cue from the work of the autonomistas, the analysis also highlights the central role that political movements have played in shaping the actions and reactions of the state. The state's attempts to contain these movements, and the contestation between the two sides, played a central role in shaping the contours of both state and society across Bahrain's long century.

- by Omar AlShehabi
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- Middle East Studies, Middle East History, Gulf Studies, Nationalism

Last year, independent and secular segments of civil society ran against the established traditional political parties in Lebanon’s parliamentary elections. While their campaign elicited much hope, the results were disappointing. Why did... more

- by Nadim El Kak
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- Social Movements, Middle East Studies, Community Organizing, Lebanon

Ireland will be Free is a multi-part feature-length film supporting Irish self- determination that screened in Australia in 1920-21. It comprises footage of the 1920 St Patrick’s Day parade in Melbourne led by Archbishop Daniel Mannix escorted by 14 Victoria Cross recipients on horseback as well as images of the “Martyrs of Easter Week” and of other Irish heroes then past and present. Shown during the height of the Irish War of Independence, its contentious topicality ensured sell-out audiences among Australia’s Irish-Catholic community while scandalising Empire loyalists. Condemning it as disloyal Sinn Féin propaganda, they asked questions in parliament, wrote letters to governments and newspapers, prevailed upon local authorities to prevent it being screened in town halls and held meetings demanding it be censored. This article explores the production and exhibition of the film and examines how it reflected and affected community relations in early post-war Australia, already riven by sectarian conflict.

- by Jeff Kildea
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- Australian History, Sectarianism, Australian Cinema, Irish Australian history

The book is a significantly enlarged version of Tareen’s doctoral dissertation ‘The Limits of Tradition: Competing Logics of Authenticity in South Asian Islam’ at Duke University from 2012. Tareen focuses on key aspects of two 19th century debates in Northern India: i) during the first decades of the 19th century between Fazl-i Ḥaqq Khayrābādī (1796-1861) and Shāh Ismāʿīl (1779-1831) on intercession, and ii) in the last decades of the 19th century between Ashraf ʿAlī Thānvī (1863-1943) and Aḥmad Razā Khān (1856-1921) on whether the Prophet had knowledge of the hidden.

- by Thomas K Gugler
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- Sufism, Islam in South Asia, Sectarianism, Deoband
- by Shuham Charles
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- Sectarianism

The Ḥouthī conflict is one with many facets, ranging from tensions around Yemen’s resources, religious and military disputes to political quarrels between elites and the populations, all in the framework of tribal and more contemporary... more

- by Thorsten Koch, MA, PgDip
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- Ethnic Conflict and Civil War, Sectarianism, Yemen (History), Houthi

ular politics in pre-famine Ireland centered on the competing objectives of defending and undoing late seventeenth settlements in relation to land and authority. For leaders on either side of the political divide it was necessary to court popular opinion by convincing the 'lower orders' that remote and abstract political issues were of direct relevance to their lives and that leaders and followers had common objectives and interests - neither of which was an easy task in the face of communities which, though easily inflamed by rhetoric, were more concerned about economic issues than party politics.

- by Maura Cronin
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- Sectarianism, Mass Politics, Politicisation, Pre-Famine Ireland

This article provides a critical discourse analysis of Scottish newspaper reports relating to football and ‘sectarianism’ in Scotland. It claims that there is a powerful and longstanding ideological ‘framing’ of sectarianism in sections of the Scottish press that is latently power-laden. This discourse attempts to construct and reaffirm a unified non-sectarian core identity that ‘real’ and ‘authentic’ Scots (should) share in opposition to a set of sectarian ‘others’. The various connotations attached to sectarian and sectarianism, together with their use in particular ways that reflect an ideological hegemony, are illustrated. Much of the press treatment of sectarianism is shown to lack sensitivity to the historical, hierarchical and relational aspects of religious, political and ethnic identities in Scotland.

- by John Kelly
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- Sociology of Sport, Sport Media, Sectarianism, Football
- by Iulia-Alexandra Oprea
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- Middle East Studies, Iranian Studies, Saudi Arabia, Syria
- by Vikram Zutshi
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- Psychiatry, Mental Health, Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Trauma Studies

At the end of Russia’s old regime, the transformation of society initiated
by the Great Reforms of the 1860s had also transformed the Orthodox
Church. After the Emancipation, former serfs found new opportunities
as laborers, factory workers, entrepreneurs, and even priests, monks, and holy men. Vasilii Karpovich Podgornyi was one such serf who, after Emancipation, became a successful businessman. Inspired by traditional piety he used his entrepreneurial skills to create networks of religious communities, primarily composed of pious women. Podgornyi’s remarkable success sharply split the church hierarchy. Some conservative hierarchs regarded this former serf as a suspicious figure, a pervert who took advantage of his female followers. Because of such accusations, Podgornyi spent ten years in a monastic prison. Other clergy, including Podgornyi’s monastic jailers, became his strong advocates and ultimately succeeded in seeing him freed from prison. Podgornyi’s movement, however, remained controversial and illustrates the sharp social tensions within the church before the Bolshevik Revolution.

- by Eugene Clay
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- Religion, New Religious Movements, Russian Orthodox Church, Mount Athos Studies

Joanne Nucho provides an empirically rich account that troubles ahistorical notions of sectarianism and orientalist depictions of the Middle East as a conflict-ridden landscape, marked by ancient feuds and tribal affiliations. In this important effort, however, Everyday Sectarianism understates the ways ‘sectarian’ sensibilities frequently exceed historical contingencies like the state. At times, the dispositions, embodied aptitudes, and modes of knowing central to sectarian belonging are also grounded in resilient discursive traditions. A fruitful engagement with Everyday Sectarianism might build upon Nucho’s attention to the production of ‘sect’ and focus not only on how it freezes difference or inhibits solidarity, but also how it generates new knowledges, moral reasoning, and embodied sensibilities.

- by Muneeza Rizvi
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- Sectarianism

The guiding principles for this four-volume collection of reprinted articles and chapters are straightforward and were reached by consensus among the editors. First, in addition to those classics that are rightly known and respected, we have sought to also include studies of an equal standard that have been neglected or have otherwise failed to reach the deserved broad audience, usually as a result of initial publication in obscure journals or small print-run edited volumes and conference proceedings. Second, we have aimed for a balance between the usual emphasis upon either a broad theoretical orientation, or conversely, a bias towards case studies, with an equal and complementary focus on both. Third, we have selected works that are representative of the academic study of new religious movements (NRMs), with a range of methodological approaches being included, including sociology, cultural studies, anthropology, and psychology. Thus, we hope that the methodological rigour of the content is matched by the empirical richness of the panoply of new religions examined.

- by Carole Cusack and +1
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- New Religious Movements, Religion and Modernity, Sectarianism

This study delves into the foundations of sectarian rifts in Iraq, attempting to show a direct connection between the treatment of Shi’ite, Sunni and Kurdish people during Saddam Hussein’s regime and subsequent introduction of the United States and enactment of certain policy platforms as the primary catalyst for sectarian violence in Iraq in 2003 onwards The study aims to highlight the activities of Saddam’s regime, investigating its practices of corruption, deprivation of basic services, targeting, surveillance, violence, and coercion. The study also aims to highlight the missteps taken by the US in attempting to bolster peace in the region. The study will show the consequences of these activities resulting in lengthy Sunni and Shi’ite conflicts.

This paper seeks to explore how the religious movement Yiguandao (“Way of Pervading Unity”) is building a transnational and transcultural network through its global missionary work. Building on ethnographic data from fieldwork conducted in Taiwan, Austria, South Africa, the US, and Japan in 2016–2018 as well as on published Yiguandao materials and online resources, this contribution seeks to explore the global spread of Yiguandao from three different angles: first, by exploring the overall development of Yiguandao’s global proselytization from the mid-1940s to the present; second, by taking a micro look at the history and activities of a particular congregation belonging to Andong division and located in Vienna, Austria; and third, by analyzing six patterns of transnational development and transculturation.

- by Nikolas Broy
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- New Religious Movements, Spatial Analysis, Chinese Studies, Transnationalism

This study seeks to discuss the problem of intra-Muslim prejudice among Muslims in Singapore, namely towards the Shiite and liberal Muslims. These Muslims are perceived to be the deviant Other. Such prejudices point towards an increasingly exclusivist Muslim community in Singapore, who are largely influenced by regional experiences and sentiments. The prejudice stems from the belief that these groups are deviant and are threats to the Muslims from within. I aim to demonstrate how the growing exclusivism, manifested through such prejudices, point to the deeper problem of the fundamentalist religious orientation among contemporary Malay-Muslims in Singapore. This study thus seeks to understand the problem of fundamentalism through the traits of the prejudiced personality, such as authoritarianism, institutionalism and the need for definiteness. It will be argued that religious fundamentalism, as manifested through the traits of the prejudiced personality, reflect the deeper insecurities within the Malay-Muslim community.

This paper seeks to present a review and analysis of medieval Muslim historiography – especially that originating in what constitutes modern-day Iran, Iraq, and Syria, or the-then Seljuk Empire – with exclusive reference to its anti-Nizari Isma'ili content. The Nizari Isma'ili sect, also called the "Hashshashin" , was an offshoot of Isma'ilism that was created in 1094 AD after the death of al-Mustansir bi'Allah, the Caliph-Imam of the Fatimid Empire. The sect was primarily founded by Hasan bin Sabah, and was insultingly called the Hashshashin – better known to the English-speaking world as the Order of the Assassins. This paper would attempt to record and reflect upon the hateful opinions presented by the abovementioned writers about the Hashshashin, and would further attempt to relate their hateful rhetoric to intra-faith sectarian violence committed by Muslims in the modern world.

- by Natasha Shahid
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- Military History, Medieval History, Middle East Studies, Historiography
- by Maya Mikdashi
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- Comparative Law, Legal Anthropology, Gender and Sexuality, Nationalism