Viticulture Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

An essay looking at the key differences between the French wine regions of Burgundy and Bordeux, focusing on the AC hierarchy, climate, grape varieties, ageing, blending and the land.

The end of the Early Bronze Age, in other words the EBA III, is one of the significant turning points in the cultural history of the Anatolian Peninsula. Metal objects that indicate social class differences, advancements in architecture,... more

The end of the Early Bronze Age, in other words the EBA III, is one of the significant turning points in the cultural history of the Anatolian Peninsula. Metal objects that indicate social class differences, advancements in architecture, and finds that point to connections with distant regions all demonstrate that a political structure began to emerge in Anatolia during this period. Parallel to these developments, especially with the increase in interregional relations, the use of new vessels indicates a novelty in eating and drinking habits. Tankards, bell-shaped cups and depas amphikypellon stand out within this group and are referred to as the new drinking vessels. In addition to these, it is noteworthy that beakers or goblets, and also container amphorae started to become widespread. All these types are considered to be associated with new drinking habits, and the new drink type is suggested to be wine. However, the suggestions proposed regarding the use of these vessels are not supported by any archaeometric studies until now. In this study, we share results from total lipid extraction analyses (TLE) performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) on a group of depa vessels from the archaeological site of Küllüoba located in Eskişehir, Turkey, and re-evaluate at the possible purposes of these vessels. Biomolecules such as fatty acids, salicylic acids, organic acids, hydrocarbons, n-alkanes, and herbal steroids identified as a result of these analyzes provided the first direct evidence of the use of fermented products such as wine and herbal analgesics in Early Bronze Age Anatolia. Additionally, we present the first archaeological data of the period and the region regarding the use of salicylic acid.

I. The Evolution of Vineyards and Wine among Romanians; I.1. Ancient Period; I.2. Medieval Period; I.3. Modern Period; I.4. Contemporary Period; II. Wine Regions and Vineyards; II.1. The Main Wine Regions and Vineyards in Romania; II.2.... more

I. The Evolution of Vineyards and Wine among Romanians; I.1. Ancient Period; I.2. Medieval Period; I.3. Modern Period; I.4. Contemporary Period; II. Wine Regions and Vineyards; II.1. The Main Wine Regions and Vineyards in Romania; II.2. The Main Wine Regions and Vineyards in the Republic of Moldova; III. The Normative Framework Applicable to Viticulture; III.1. European Union Legislation; III.2. National Legislation; III.2.1. Cultivation areas and production potential; III.2.2. Vineyard exploitation file; III.2.3. Vine plantations; IV. National Regulatory Framework Applicable to Wine Production and Marketing; IV.1. Definition of Wine and Other Wine Products; IV.2. Classifications of Wine; IV.2.1. Sugar content; IV.2.2. Quality and origin; IV.2.3. Other classifications; IV.3. Protection by Controlled Designation of Origin and Geographical Indication; IV.3.1. Attestation and control of grapes and wines; IV.3.2. Transport of wine products and mandatory records; IV.3.3. Packaging, labelling and marketing of wines.

In het land van Campanië verenigen de wijnstokken zich met populieren, omhelzen die als echtgenoten en klimmen met opdringerige armen van tak naar tak in hun knoestige loop omhoog, tot ze de top bereiken en zo hoog zweven dat de... more

In het land van Campanië verenigen de wijnstokken zich met populieren, omhelzen die als echtgenoten en klimmen met opdringerige armen van tak naar tak in hun knoestige loop omhoog, tot ze de top bereiken en zo hoog zweven dat de druivenplukker wanneer hij het contract tekent meteen over zijn brandstapel en grafheuvel onderhandelt. (…) Rankdrager of met een andere naam 'opulus' noemen ze een boom in Italië boven de Po, waarvan de rondom wijd uitgroeiende rijen takken worden gevuld door de wijnstokken, die met oude kale stammen opklimmen tot aan de vertakking en daarvandaan onder de uitgestrekte armen van de boomtakken hun loten laten uitschieten. Ook kunnen ze, door staken gestut, rechtop staan tot de hoogte van een middelgrote man en zo een wijngaard vormen. Andere kruipen kriskras over de bodem, laten over alle lege ruimten hun uitlopers kronkelen en vullen elke voorhof die ertussen ligt op. Zo veel verschillende groeiwijzen laat alleen Italië al zien." Plinius, Naturalis Historia, 14.2.10-13

New classification of Chile´s Wine-Producing Area / Nueva clasificación de areas de producción de vino chileno

lnvvestigations were carried out to assess the uptake of potassium by the berries of different grape cultivars during the growing season. The results indicate that potassium uptake was constantly inereased from fruit set to the beginning... more

lnvvestigations were carried out to assess the uptake of potassium by the berries of different grape cultivars during the growing season. The results indicate that potassium uptake was constantly inereased from fruit set to the beginning of ripenlng in the cultivars Riesling KI. 239Gm and Ehrenfelser (Riesling x Silvaner) Kl.Gm, whereas in the case of Silvaner Kl. Gm. Müller-Thurgau (Riesling x Silvaner) Kl. Gm and Reichensteiner (Müller-Thurgau x (Madeleine angevine x Calabreser=Fröhlich) Kl. Gm the uptake pattern was different exhibting a significant lag phase in the beginning and gradual increase to a peak at veraison and declining rapidly showing least content of potassium in the berries at harvest.

Malvasia nera di Brindisi' and 'Malvasia nera di Lecce' are two of the few Malvasias with black berries and belong to the Apulian ampelographic assortment (South Italy). Their presumed synonymy has been recently ascertained with SSR... more

Malvasia nera di Brindisi' and 'Malvasia nera di Lecce' are two of the few Malvasias with black berries and belong to the Apulian ampelographic assortment (South Italy). Their presumed synonymy has been recently ascertained with SSR markers and therefore these two black 'Malvasias' can be considered as an unique variety. We discovered that this cultivar is the cross between 'Malvasia bianca lunga' alias 'Malvasia del Chianti' and 'Negroamaro' by using 42 nuclear SSR. Both parents belong to the Apulian varietal resources, since centuries. So far, 'Malvasia nera di Brindisi/Lecce' origin has been obscure; now we may assert that this cultivar was born right in Apulia. Three sets of chloroplast SSR loci were used to determine the female and the male parent: 6 ccmp loci, already used in previous pedigree studies, 15 ccSSR loci and 2 NTCP loci, derived from tobacco. The second set of loci was sequenced in order to compare the length of the markers with the reference species where they were originally obtained: in 4 cases no microsatellite motives were detected and in other 4 cases the perfect repetition found in tobacco was not maintained in grape. Unfortunately, the three sets of markers failed to show any polymorphism. A detailed comparison of the black Malvasia morphology with its two parents showed a closer similarity to 'Negroamaro'. Also the anthocyanin profile is in agreement with that of the black parent; its varietal aroma presents interesting levels of free and bound 2-phenylethanol, responsible for rose flavor, and of bound linalool compounds.

El enólogo Ignacio Serra nos abre los ojos sobre el vino sudafricano.

The aim of the present study is the detection, identification and recovery of Armenian autochthon long-neglected endangered grapevine varieties, by development of the electronic catalogue of grapes, with genetic passport information,... more

The aim of the present study is the detection, identification and recovery of Armenian autochthon long-neglected endangered grapevine varieties, by development of the electronic catalogue of grapes, with genetic passport information, ampelography data and photos.

Archaeological remains of viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (AD 1099–1291) are quite rare, and those that are present are incomplete. In contrast, textual sources show extensive evidence of grape cultivation, wine production... more

Archaeological remains of viticulture in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem (AD 1099–1291) are quite rare, and those that are present are incomplete. In contrast, textual sources show extensive evidence of grape cultivation, wine production and wine consumption. Based on integration of archaeological and historical data, the focus of this article is on characteristics of Frankish grape cultivation and wine production in the East. By doing so, its goal is to offer new interpretation and identify new questions. Coming from the Christian West, the Latins brought with them a wine culture which differed from that in the area under Muslim rule. This new attitude towards wine expressed itself in the demand for large quantities of wine for nutritional, religious and therapeutic purposes, and consequently influenced vine growing and wine making in the Latin Kingdom of Jerusalem during the twelfth and thirteenth centuries. Through the topic of viticulture, we aim to explore the extent to which Fr...

Sustainability promotes the perpetuation of environmental quality for present generations, future generations, and other species. Regions are privileged bounded spaces and a focus for sustainability concerns. This paper explores the... more

Sustainability promotes the perpetuation of environmental quality for present generations, future generations, and other species. Regions are privileged bounded spaces and a focus for sustainability concerns. This paper explores the notion of sustainable regions by employing a case study of the Upper Hunter, Australia, a region that is a node in material and discursive networks for coal mining, wine making, and thoroughbred breeding. It defines sustainability as environmental sustainability, which is a basis for
socio-economic development. While planning for sustainability at a regional scale is vital, it is also necessary to understand material and discursive networks that connect regions with other spaces

The effect of increasing concentration of ethanol (0, 4, 7.5 and 13 %) and contact time (respectively 1, 4, 7 and 10 days) on the extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of the grape, Vitis vinifera 'Aglianico' and 'Uva di... more

The effect of increasing concentration of ethanol (0, 4, 7.5 and 13 %) and contact time (respectively 1, 4, 7 and 10 days) on the extraction of phenolics from berry skins and seeds of the grape, Vitis vinifera 'Aglianico' and 'Uva di Troia', were examined. Two assays of post-fermentative maceration in two hydroalcoholic solutions at 11 and 13 % ethanol, were also performed. Chromatic properties and phenolics of medium were analyzed by HPLC and spectrophotometric methods. The extraction of total phenolics, anthocyanins, proanthocyanidins, and vanilline reactive flavans (VRF) from berry skins reached the maximum on the 4 th day of maceration. Quercetin and gallic acid were gradually extracted from grape skins. The maximum release of flavan-3-ols from the skins was achieved on the first day of maceration. Total phenolics, tannins and VRF were gradually extracted from seeds. During the postfermentative maceration, higher the content of ethanol, higher the extraction of total polyphenols and tannins from 'Uva di Troia' skins and the extraction of total polyphenols and tannins from 'Aglianico' seeds. These results clearly indicate that the grape cultivar mainly influences the release of phenolic compounds from the solid parts of berry to the must especially during postfermentative maceration.

Berry size has always been a quality factor in wine production. In this study, Syrah grapes from a single vineyard were classified into different size groups according to diameter: small (< 13 mm), medium (13 < diameter < 14 mm) and... more

Berry size has always been a quality factor in wine production. In this study, Syrah grapes from a single vineyard were classified into different size groups according to diameter: small (< 13 mm), medium (13 < diameter < 14 mm) and large (> 14 mm). Smaller berries were present in the highest and larger berries in the lowest numbers. Size distributions were similar in both seasons (2010/2011 and 2011/2012). Berry physical characteristics (mass, volume and skin area) increased with size, showing the same tendency in both years. Positive correlations between berry mass, volume and skin area were found, whereas these variables were negatively related with berry number/kg grapes. Berry volume was negatively correlated with dry skin weight. Skin surface area/berry volume seems to be an indicator of the " dilution " effect associated with increasing size, as larger berries presented the lowest values. In 2012 the grapes were harvested at a higher soluble solid level than in the previous year; large-sized berries presented the lowest levels in both years. The whole-berry analysis of total anthocyanins showed a decrease in concentration and increase in content per berry, from smaller to larger berries. Small berries and the control (naturally occurring berry size mixture) showed a higher extractability of anthocyanins and phenolic compounds than the medium and large berries. Sensorially, wines from medium berries were more consistent over the two years, scoring higher than the rest. Berry sizes were related to wine style differences, and knowing the population of berry sizes in the vineyard close to harvest would offer a possibility to predict wine styles.

Bağ turizmi; içinde bağcılık, şarapçılık, organik tarım ve ürünler, bağ bozumu, şarap festivalleri ve çeşitli etkinlikler, konaklama ve yiyecek içecek hizmetleri gibi birçok aktiviteyi içine alan doğa temelli bir turizm faaliyetidir.... more

Bağ turizmi; içinde bağcılık, şarapçılık, organik tarım ve ürünler, bağ bozumu, şarap festivalleri ve çeşitli etkinlikler, konaklama ve yiyecek içecek hizmetleri gibi birçok aktiviteyi içine alan doğa temelli bir turizm faaliyetidir. Bağlar; sadece tarım ile ilgilenenler tarafından değil aynı zamanda şarap severler, eko turistler ve gastronomi turistleri tarafından da ziyaret edilmektedirler. Sonbaharda başlayan bağcılık faaliyetleri günümüzde birçok bölge için yeni bir turizm çeşidi olmuş, bölgeyi ziyaret edenler sadece bölgenin gastronomisi ile değil aynı zamanda bölgenin doğası ve kültürü ile de tanışma fırsatını yakalamış olmaktadırlar. Bahar ve yaz aylarında turizmde aktif olan bölgeler, sonbaharda bağ turizminin de etkisiyle turizm sezonunu tüm yıla yayma gayretindedirler. Turist çekebilmek amacıyla, bağ rotaları oluşturulmaya ve bu rotalarda ziyaretçiler için gerekli olan alt yapı ve üst yapı yatırımlarına hız verilmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bağ rotalarından biri olan Trakya’da Istranca Dağlarının eteklerinde yer alan Arcadia Bağları ve bu bağların içerisinde yer alan Bakucha Hotel & Spa, bağ turizmine yapılmış olan bir yatırıma örnek olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Araştırma verileri, bağların ve otelin sahibi girişimciler ve yöneticiler ile yapılan görüşmeler, elde edilen dokümanlar ve gözlemlerden elde edilmiştir. Bağ turizmine yapılan bir yatırımın fikir aşamasından işletmecilik aşamasına kadar izlediği yol esas alınarak bir vaka çalışması olarak yeni girişimcilere örnek teşkil etmesi arzulanmıştır.

Aim: To obtain specific references for the nutritional diagnosis of ten essential nutrients for leaf blade and petiole of ‘red Grenache’ (Vitis vinifera L.). Methods and results : Leaf blades and petioles from 36 vineyards of ‘red... more

Aim: To obtain specific references for the nutritional diagnosis of ten essential nutrients for leaf blade and petiole of ‘red Grenache’ (Vitis vinifera L.).
Methods and results : Leaf blades and petioles from 36 vineyards of ‘red Grenache’ (Vitis vinifera L.) grafted on Richter 110 were collected and analyzed at flowering and veraison between 1992 and 2008. Using the compiled data bank, nutritional references for ten elements (N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and B were calculated. Optimal values were those around the central data (μ ± 0.25σ), while excessive and deficient values were those beyond the tails of the distribution (μ ± 0.84σ). Percentile calculation was performed when transformations to normal distributions became unlikely.
Conclusion : References for Sufficiency Ranges (SR) and Deviation from Optimum Percentage (DOP) methods were obtained for those ten nutrients studied. Significance and impact of the study : The proposed ‘red Grenache’ references for leaf blade and petiole contribute to the improvement of the accuracy of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine nutrient diagnosis based on tissue analysis. These references are a guide to assess the nutritional status of ‘red Grenache’ grapevine around the world in general and, with higher accuracy, for the Rioja region and areas with similar vineyard conditions.

Rural life in the Upper Hunter region of NSW is threatened by the mining and burning of coal and coal seam gas extraction. Extensive open-cut mining is a serious threat to productive rural enterprises between Singleton and Muswellbrook,... more

Rural life in the Upper Hunter region of NSW is threatened by the mining and burning of coal and coal seam gas extraction. Extensive open-cut mining is a serious threat to productive rural enterprises between Singleton and Muswellbrook, while mining and gas extraction is expanding into communities on the Liverpool Plains and around Gloucester. The marginalisation of rural life has economic, environmental and socio-cultural dimensions. Economically, the marginalisation of rural life refers to declining food production, threatened rural industries such as thoroughbred breeding and viticulture, and to the loss of commercial services in rural towns. Environmental damage includes air and water pollution, biodiversity loss, destruction of aquifers and waterways, and the loss of fertile agricultural land. Socio-cultural impacts include threats to human health, rising income inequality, depopulation of villages, and damage to the fabric of rural communities from mining incursion. The article examines the competing scripts employed in land use contests and how communities are using new and reflexive constructions of 'the rural' that integrate traditional identity, discourses of sustainability and the re-centring of rural life. This analysis illuminates the current situation of marginalisation and the possible future of rural life in the Upper Hunter and surrounding areas.

El presente trabajo es una revisión y análisis del impacto que tiene el sistema de conducción de la vid en su funcionamiento, especialmente en el microclima del dosel y en el desarrollo del sistema radicular, así como en el rendimiento y... more

El presente trabajo es una revisión y análisis del impacto que tiene el sistema de conducción de la vid en su funcionamiento, especialmente en el microclima del dosel y en el desarrollo del sistema radicular, así como en el rendimiento y composición de las bayas y del vino. El sistema de conducción debido a su influencia en la fisiología de la vid puede determinar el estilo de vino o su tipicidad y en este sentido es importante resaltar que a nivel mundial los sistemas de conducción más utilizados son la espaldera y el vaso. Los sistemas de conducción con dosel dividido pueden llegar a producir mayores rendimientos con una adecuada maduración de la vendimia en comparación con sistemas con dosel sin dividir, sin embargo se debe destacar que al momento de elegir el sistema de conducción, éste se debe adaptar al hábito de crecimiento del cultivar y al clima. También es importante considerar, con respecto a los doseles divididos, todo el manejo de dosel que involucran estos sistemas. El uso de los sistemas de conducción con dosel dividido en la viticultura de los países del Nuevo Mundo es todavía una práctica no generalizada debido en parte a los mayores costos iniciales de infraestructura y a la demanda intensiva de manejo de dosel que requieren estos sistemas. No obstante, las ventajas de los doseles divididos en términos de mayores rendimientos y la capacidad de adecuarse a una situación de viñedos vigorosos podrían compensar en parte las desventajas anteriormente mencionadas.

Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the... more

Wine quality is the final outcome of the interactions within a vineyard between meteorological conditions, terrain and soil properties, plant physiology and numerous viticultural decisions, all of which are commonly summarized as the terroir effect. Associations between wine quality and
a single soil or topographic factor are usually weak, but little information is available on the effect of terrain (elevation, aspect and slope) as a compound micro-terroir factor. We used the topographic wetness index (TWI) as a steady-state hydrologic and integrative measure to delineate management zones (MZs) within a vineyard and to study the interactions between vine vigor, water status and grape and wine quality. The study was conducted in a commercial 2.5-ha Vitis vinifera ‘Cabernet Sauvignon’ vineyard in Israel. Based on the TWI, the vineyard was divided into three MZs located along an elongate wadi that crosses the vineyard and bears water only in the rainy winter season. MZ1 was the most distant from the wadi and had low TWI values, MZ3 was closest to the wadi and
had high TWI values. Remotely sensed crop water stress index (CWSI) was measured simultaneously with canopy cover (as determined by normalized difference vegetation index; NDVI) and with field measurements of midday stem water potential (SWP) and leaf area index (LAI) on several days during the growing seasons of 2017 and 2018. Vines in MZ1 had narrow trunk diameter and low LAI and canopy cover on most measurement days compared to the other two MZs. MZ1 vines also exhibited the highest water stress (highest CWSI and lowest SWP), lowest yield and highest wine quality. MZ3 vines showed higher LAI on most measurement days, lowest water deficit stress (SWP) during phenological stage I, highest yield and lowest wine quality. Yet, in stage III, MZ3 vines exhibited a similar water deficit stress (CWSI and SWP) as MZ2, suggesting that the relatively high vigor in MZ3 vines resulted in higher water deficit stress than expected towards the end of the season, possibly because of high water consumption over the course of the season. TWI and its classification into three MZs served as a reliable predictor for most of the attributes in the vineyard and for their dynamics within the season, and, thus, can be used as a key factor in delineation of MZs for irrigation. Yet, in-season remotely sensed monitoring is required to follow the vine dynamics to improve precision irrigation decisions.

Cette étude porte sur le comportement religieux spécifique aux villas du Ier siècle de notre ère, en croisant les prescriptions de Columelle, des lettres de Pline le Jeune et les sources archéologiques de la région du Vésuve. Elle met en... more

Cette étude porte sur le comportement religieux spécifique aux villas du Ier siècle de notre ère, en croisant les prescriptions de Columelle, des lettres de Pline le Jeune et les sources archéologiques de la région du Vésuve. Elle met en évidence certaines pratiques propres à la familia rustique accomplies par le paterfamilias, le vilicus ou d'autres membres de la villa (avec une attention portée sur les laraires de villas liés aux productions agricoles), ainsi que l'imaginaire religieux que les décors des villas revèlent, centrés sur une nature idéalisée.

The production of crown gall tumors in plants caused by Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium vitis represents a unique disease involving the transfer of DNA from the bacterium to the nucleus of the plant. These species may... more

The production of crown gall tumors in plants caused by
Agrobacterium tumefaciens and Agrobacterium vitis represents a unique disease involving the transfer of DNA from the bacterium to the nucleus of the plant. These species may systemically infest nursery propagating material, which remains asymptomatic until conditions conducive for tumor induction
are met. Main strains of the genus Agrobacterium are classified into species (Agrobacterium tumefaciens, Agrobacterium vitis, Agrobacterium rubi, Agrobacterium. rhizogenes) according to their virulence properties or into biotypes (biovars) on the basis of their biochemical and physiological properties. Use of pathogen-free propagation material is a key factor to reduce the spread of crown gall disease in vineyards. The cold, dry weather from winter increase crown gall infections in vineyards. The pathogen lives in
soil, and is systemic in the grapevine. It may form galls in vine tissues subjected to mechanical damage, especially freeze damage. Galls on roots, trunks and cordons can disrupt the vine’s vascular tissues, and severe infections may result in yield reductions or vine death. The unusually low
temperatures, which occurred in the absence of precipitation, provided optimal conditions for crown gall. Many young grapevines were killed, whereas older vines lost canes, spurs, cordons or trunks. Permanent structures that were not killed outright displayed poor growth and galls.

Wine was an ever-present commodity that permeated the Mediterranean throughout antiquity; in particular, settlements in the eastern Mediterranean produced substantial quantities of wine for a variety of uses in Late Antiquity. This study... more

Wine was an ever-present commodity that permeated the Mediterranean throughout antiquity; in particular, settlements in the eastern Mediterranean produced substantial quantities of wine for a variety of uses in Late Antiquity. This study devotes itself to the viticulture of two such settlements, Antiochia ad Cragum and Delos, and uses the results of surface survey and excavation to elucidate their potential integration within the agricultural boom of the 5th-7th centuries CE. Interdisciplinary and ethnographic data supplements the main archaeological catalogue in order to provide a well-rounded understanding of production and use. The publication of an excavated vinicultural vat in Rough Cilicia for the first time, along with the first complete discussion of the paleochristian viticultural industry on Delos, underscores the importance of this project.
The bulk of the thesis is devoted to a catalogue of individual vinicultural installations from each site, which includes a detailed analysis and description of their architecture and features. This emphasises the significant quantity of data that such individual analyses can reveal, in terms of construction methods, spatial setting, regional habits in press design and wine production. The remaining chapters combine archaeological features with interdisciplinary data situated within a broad discussion to interpret production at these settlements. This demonstrates how such data can be extrapolated and combined with related evidence to illuminate trends regarding agricultural production, viticultural quantification, religious habits, regional interconnectivity, trade and the economy.
The combined catalogue, analysis and discussion reinforce the noteworthy position viticulture held in Late Antiquity as an agricultural endeavour, socio-cultural and economic factor engrained within eastern Mediterranean settlements.

In light of the large wine processing installation found in Jezreel in 2013, the pre-Deuteronomistic Naboth story is imagined as featuring a rich Naboth who offended a weak Israelite king. Since the Assyrian conquest of the Jezreel... more

In light of the large wine processing installation found in Jezreel in 2013, the pre-Deuteronomistic Naboth story is imagined as featuring a rich Naboth who offended a weak Israelite king. Since the Assyrian conquest of the Jezreel Valley, the Israelite king had little political clout over the region and could thus be snubbed, til the queen of the rump kingdom of Samaria arranged a meeting with the governor of Megiddo.

Predmetom monografie je hospodársky a sociálny život v mestách, ležiacich na upätí Malých Karpát, v Modre, Pezinku a Svätom Jure, v časovom rozhraní od druhej polovice 17. storočia do prvej polovice 18. storočia. Autorka sa zameriava na... more

Predmetom monografie je hospodársky a sociálny život v mestách, ležiacich na upätí Malých Karpát, v Modre, Pezinku a Svätom Jure, v časovom rozhraní od druhej polovice 17. storočia do prvej polovice 18. storočia. Autorka sa zameriava na problematiku miestneho vinohradníctva, ktoré v minulosti predstavovalo hlavný zdroj príjmov malokarpatského obyvateľstva, čo sa významnou mierou prejavilo vo všetkých sférach politického, kultúrneho i spoločenského života. Bolo to hlavne vinohradníctvo, ktoré umožnilo Modre, Pezinku a Svätému Juru dosiahnuť v 17. storočí výsadné postavenie a titul slobodného kráľovského mesta. To im v nasledujúcich rokoch umožnilo ďalší hospodársky a demografický rozvoj. Dielo sleduje predovšetkým hlavné tendencie tohto hospodársko-sociálneho vývoja, pričom zistenia a výsledky zo skúmania situácie v jednotlivých mestách podrobuje komparácii. Autorka sa opiera o archívne pramene prevažne daňového charakteru, na základe ktorých je možné vyčísliť celkové množstvo dorobeného vína, rozlohu vinohradníckej pôdy, či výšku daní a poplatkov, odvedených vinohradníkmi v tom-ktorom roku. Tieto pramene poskytujú aj údaje dôležité pre skúmanie vinohradníckej terminológie, metrológie, etymológie názvov vinohradníckych honov alebo iných miestnych názvov. Autorka tiež ponúka čiastočný genealogický výskum vybranej vzorky meštianstva – patriciátu, pričom skúma súkromný i profesionálny život jeho predstaviteľov, konfesionálne zaradenie, sociálne postavenie, ako aj ich hospodárske aktivity, súvisiace s pestovaním viniča a dorábaním vína.

Commensal behaviour, and in particular wine consumption, is an important field to which strategies of self-identity can be applied. The ethnographic surveys of the Ionian historian Herodotus focus on the cultural and social differences... more

Commensal behaviour, and in particular wine consumption, is an important field to which strategies of self-identity can be applied. The ethnographic surveys of the Ionian historian Herodotus focus on the cultural and social differences that he believes separate other peoples from the Greeks. This paper examines in what ways he associates wine drinking among the Persians with cultural sophistication, luxury and the good life in general. The dominant view among Greek writers of the Classical period was that luxury was reducible to decadence, and Herodotus is no exception. His detailed accounts of excessive Persian wine drinking and a decaying Persian society are the outcomes of his idea of historical causation, which predominantly is applied to the Achaemenid Empire. Even if he is inclined to explain cultural differences by reference to climate, geography and political system, analysing how these differences arise and change with time, he resorts to literary images and stereotypes about Persian society. This narrative feature, which ultimately derives from his background as oral performer, prevents him from grasping the ideological dimensions of the Persian display of luxury.

Recent archaeological discoveries as well as molecular and DNA investigations show that the earliest stages of vinicultural history and prehistory extends back into the Neolithic period and beyond. The first domesticators of the Eurasian... more

Recent archaeological discoveries as well as molecular and DNA investigations show that the earliest stages of vinicultural history and prehistory extends back into the Neolithic period and beyond. The first domesticators of the Eurasian wine and early winemakers must have marveled at the seemingly miraculous process of fermentation. From success to success, viniculture stretched out its tentacles and entwined itself with one culture after another (whether Egyptian, Iranian, Israelite or Greek) and laid the foundation for civilization itself. As medicine, social lubricant, mind-altering substance, and highly valued commodity, wine became the focus of religious cults, pharmacopoeias, cuisines, economies, and society.
The influence of wine in ancient Greece helped Greeks trade with neighbouring countries and regions. Many mannerisms and cultural aspects were associated with wine. The ancient Greeks pioneered new methods of viticulture and wine production that they shared with early winemaking communities in what are now France, Italy, Austria and Russia, as well as others, through trade and colonization.
Ancient Rome played a pivotal role in the history of wine, too. The rise of the Roman Empire saw both technological advances in and burgeoning awareness of winemaking. To ensure the steady supply of wine to Roman soldiers and colonists, viticulture and wine production spread to every part of the empire. Many of the techniques and principles first developed in ancient Roman times can be found in modern winemaking.
Since the 9th millenium B.C. viniculture had a significant history in Asia Minor. In this paper viniculture in Graeco-Roman Asia Minor will be examined in three geographic portions: western, southern and northern parts of Anatolian peninsula. A special attention will be given to the trade amphorae. At the end of the paper Armenian tradition of viniculture in Asia Minor is referred. The paper is in Turkish language.

The family settled in Colombaro, near Formigine (italian province of Modena), in the first years of XVIII century. In the two centuries before, they lived in the near Spezzano, where they had farms and even an altar in the parish church.... more

The family settled in Colombaro, near Formigine (italian province of Modena), in the first years of XVIII century. In the two centuries before, they lived in the near Spezzano, where they had farms and even an altar in the parish church. The surname was probably originated by an ancestor named Agazotto (derivated from Agazio). A coat of arms was used by the family at least from the beginning of XVII century.

A comprehensive study of faience grape clusters apparently used as architectural adornment specifically used in New Kingdom palaces. The study presents all known excavated examples of these grape clusters before beginning an analysis of... more

A comprehensive study of faience grape clusters apparently used as architectural adornment specifically used in New Kingdom palaces. The study presents all known excavated examples of these grape clusters before beginning an analysis of their symbolic value in ancient Egyptian art and society and how they might relate to ancient Egyptian concepts of kingship.

Archaeological evidence and literary sources regarding wine production in Lugdunum territory were for a long time deficient due to the few researches devoted to its hinterland. The ongoing excavation of a vast estate situated in this... more

Archaeological evidence and literary sources regarding wine production in Lugdunum territory were for a long time deficient due to the few researches devoted to its hinterland. The ongoing excavation of a vast estate situated in this territory fills the gap: traces of a vineyard, treading-floor and press installations in use for more than three centuries, between the mid-1st century BC to the end of the 3rd century AD, have been uncovered. The early date of this establishment, contemporaneous with the colonial foundation towards the end of the Republic, must be pointed out; this region can be considered as the bridgehead to the introduction of viticulture techniques in non Mediterranean Gaul. During the more advanced stage, the exploitation reaches a volume of production which fits to a large scale marketing and a status which can be compared to the great estates in Narbonensis. Theses discoveries provide new prospects and allow a reassessment of the reading of some written sources, of vats and palynological and carpological remains identified within villae, and also of the documentation concerning the Lugdunum amphorae, linked before to a redistribution of bulk imported wine.

Grapes are the most widely grown commercial fruit crop in the world, and also one of the most popular fruit crops for horticultural production. Grape growers constantly search the ways in order to maximize their profits all over the... more

Grapes are the most widely grown commercial fruit crop in the world, and also one of the most popular fruit crops for horticultural production. Grape growers constantly search the ways in order to maximize their profits all over the world. It becomes to be important to use new information technologies to increase to overall returns. Precision Viticulture (PV) refers to the application of new and emerging information technologies to the production of grapes to improve the efficacy of production, maximize the quality of production, minimize the environmental footprint of production and minimize the risk associated with production for the grower and processer. Precision viticulture depends on new and emerging technologies such as global positioning systems (GPS), meteorological and other environmental sensors, satellite and airborne remote sensing, and geographic information systems (GIS) to assess and respond to variability. It can be possible that take under control such as soil fertility, fertilizer application norm, disease, water, weed, harvesting, and environmental management by precision viticulture systems in vineyard. So, to reduce inputs such as fertilizer, water, pesticides and to increase yield and quality of grape berries, we must to increase precision technologies in our vineyards. In this review, Precision Viticulture tools will be demonstrated to producing of high quality grapes. Finally, this study will also help grape growers and government agencies that provide new information and technologies such as Remote Sensing to growers in order to detect some factors affecting to maximize grape production.

El vino está de moda, no solo como producto simbólico diferenciado en los términos que explicaba Bourdieu (1984), sino también como “superalimento”, por su potencial nutritivo y concentración de antioxidantes, resveratrol o vitaminas.... more

El vino está de moda, no solo como producto simbólico diferenciado en los términos que explicaba Bourdieu (1984), sino también como “superalimento”, por su potencial nutritivo y concentración de antioxidantes, resveratrol o vitaminas. Numerosos estudios subrayan los beneficios del consumo moderado de vino, entre los que se encuentran la reducción de enfermedades cardiovasculares, cancerígenas o la mejora de la función cognitiva. Sin embargo, hasta la fecha no existen investigaciones que analicen las prácticas productivas y enológicas que confieren al vino este tipo de propiedades. Es, además, desconocido para el consumidor el listado de ingredientes que contiene una botella de vino, mientras que cualquier otro producto alimentario debe etiquetar cualquier tipo de aditivo. Consecuentemente, no es posible diferenciar qué vino es saludable en base a los criterios de certificación de calidad existentes.
La profunda crítica a las implicaciones de la chaptalización no resultaría quizás tan demoledora de no ser por las credenciales del autor. Yravedra es Presidente Honorario de la Organización Internacional de la Viña y el Vino (OIV). A lo largo de su vida ha desarrollado una importante defensa de la calidad del vino y de las Denominaciones de Origen, tanto españoles como internacionales, en foros como la OIV y en el Comité Científico de Denominaciones de Origen de Productos Alimentarios de la Unión Europea.

The complexity of regional study of municipal elites in the Greek part of the Roman Empire is commonly known. Nonetheless, many aspects of the Cretan notables' activity can be investigated, not only in the island but also in other regions... more

The complexity of regional study of municipal elites in the Greek part of the Roman Empire is commonly known. Nonetheless, many aspects of the Cretan notables' activity can be investigated, not only in the island but also in other regions of the Empire. Material is distributed among four large chapters: 1/ Polis and its organization, 2/ Cretan Koinon, 3/ Mobility of municipal elites in Crete, 4/ Economy. Yet again it is clear that one should regularly appeal to various types of evidence because inscriptions surely constitute material most abounding in first-rate information but often insufficient to obtain pertinent results. In every stage of the research one seeks to assess the degree of changes in comparison with Hellenistic epoch. In this way Crete appears to us as the land of old traditions which continued to exert great influence in Roman period. On the other hand, some forms, inherited from the remote times, received entirely new content, in conformity with general tendencies of the epoch. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOUR2003

Des fragments de dolia portant des marques de capacité ont été découverts sur le site de La Condamine de Pontaix (Drôme). De multiples observations et des sondages récents ont permis une contextualisation de cet ensemble au sein de trois... more

Des fragments de dolia portant des marques de capacité ont été découverts sur le site de La Condamine de Pontaix (Drôme). De multiples observations et des sondages récents ont permis une contextualisation de cet ensemble au sein de trois secteurs distincts : une « villa », un sanctuaire et des bâtiments, dont un chai probable, bordant une voie. À partir de l’étude typologique des exemplaires issus du site et de comparaisons régionales et locales, se pose la question de l’interprétation de la fonction de ces marques et du contenu de ces vases de stockage.

Η Δυτική Μακεδονία δεν είχε τη μεγάλη φήμη της Ανατολικής για τα κρασιά της. Η τελευταία ήταν ονομαστή, όπως —και προπαντός— και η γειτονική της Θράκη ήδη από την αρχαιότητα , αλλά και στη συνέχεια μέχρι και τους νεώτερους χρόνους. Παρ’... more

Η Δυτική Μακεδονία δεν είχε τη μεγάλη φήμη της Ανατολικής για τα κρασιά της. Η τελευταία ήταν ονομαστή, όπως —και προπαντός— και η γειτονική της Θράκη ήδη από την αρχαιότητα , αλλά και στη συνέχεια μέχρι και τους νεώτερους χρόνους. Παρ’ όλα αυτά η αμπελουργία έχει μακρά παράδοση και στη Δυτική Μακεδονία και ιδιαίτερα στις περιοχές Κοζάνης και Γρεβενών και υπήρξε αξιοσημείωτη παραδοσιακή ασχολία των κατοίκων τους, σε σημαντικό ποσοστό, σχεδόν μέχρι σήμερα. Οι περιοχές της Κοζάνης και των Γρεβενών υπήρξαν από τις σημαντικότερες αμπελουργικές περιοχές τουλάχιστον στον χώρο της Μακεδονίας όπως θα προσπαθήσουμε να δείξουμε ενώ σήμερα παρουσιάζονται ενδιαφέρουσες προοπτικές ανάπτυξης της αμπελουργίας. Εδώ θα αρκεστούμε, λόγω του περιορισμένου χώρου των πρακτικών, κυρίως σε ένα, σύντομο από τη φύση του, περίγραμμα ιστορικο-γεωγραφικό και λαογραφικό της αμπελουργίας στους δύο νομούς της Νοτιοδυτικής Μακεδονίας, οι οποίοι αποτελούν εν πολλοίς μία γεωγραφική και πολιτιστική ενότητα (πριν από 50 χρόνια αποτελούσαν και ένα νομό). Ο γράφων Παναγιώτης Καμηλάκης θα αναφερθεί κυρίως στην αμπελουργία του νομού Κοζάνης και στη συνέχεια ο Ευάγγελος Καραμανές στα Γρεβενά.

Parole chiave: vite da tavola, Summer royal n., caratterizzazione, produttività, composizione chimica, Puglia.