Paul Kruger (original) (raw)
Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , més conegut com a Paul Kruger i afectuosament conegut com a Oom Paul ("Oncle Paul" en afrikaans) va ser un prominent líder de la resistència bòer contra el Regne Unit i president de la República de Transvaal a Sud-àfrica. D'acord amb la llegenda, va ser anomenat Mamelodi'a Tshwane ("xiulador del riu Apies" en tswana) pels habitants del Tshwane per la seva habilitat per a xiular i imitar els cants dels ocells.
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| dbo:abstract | Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , més conegut com a Paul Kruger i afectuosament conegut com a Oom Paul ("Oncle Paul" en afrikaans) va ser un prominent líder de la resistència bòer contra el Regne Unit i president de la República de Transvaal a Sud-àfrica. D'acord amb la llegenda, va ser anomenat Mamelodi'a Tshwane ("xiulador del riu Apies" en tswana) pels habitants del Tshwane per la seva habilitat per a xiular i imitar els cants dels ocells. (ca) بول كروغر (بالأفريقانية: Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger ) (و. 1825 – 1904 م) هو سياسي، توفي عن عمر يناهز 79 عاماً ، بسبب ذات الرئة. (ar) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger, známý jako strýček Paul, (10. říjen 1825, – 14. červenec 1904, ) byl významný búrský politik a prezident Transvaalu (1880–1902). (cs) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (* 10. Oktober 1825 in Vaalbank bei Colesberg, Kapkolonie; † 14. Juli 1904 in Clarens in der Schweiz), auch Oom Paul (Afrikaans für „Onkel Paul“) genannt oder Krüger geschrieben, war ein südafrikanischer Politiker und von 1882 bis 1902 Präsident der Südafrikanischen Republik (auch als Transvaal bekannt). (de) Stephanus Johannes Paulus KRUGER (naskita je la 10-a de oktobro 1825 en , mortinta je la 14-a de julio 1904 en en Svislando) estis sud-afrika politikisto, prezidento de la Transvala Respubliko ek de 1880. Kruger, nomata ankaŭ "Onklo Paŭlo" (Oom Paul), estis konata kiel rezistulo al la brita influo en suda Afriko.En 1881 li gvidis ribelon de la buroj en Transvalo kaj la Oranĝa Liberŝtato kontraŭ la brita hegemonio kaj per tiu "unua britia-bura milito" atingis sendependecon de la buraj teritorioj.Je la 29-a de decembro 1895 li sukcesis venki ribelon de , kiu provis rebritigi la burajn teritoriojn.Gratula telegramo de la germana imperiestro Vilhelmo la 2-a kaŭzis politikajn diferencojn inter Britio kaj Germanio. En la dua Britia-bura Milito Kruger transdonis la prezidentecon al sia viculo Burger kaj per nederlanda batalŝipo iris al Eŭropo, kie li pasigis la ceteron de sia vivo.Nur post lia morto en Svislando oni reportis lian kadavron al Sud-Afriko por entombigo en Pretorio. Pri lia nomo memorigas la Nacia Parko Kruger, fondita de li, en Sud-Afriko kaj la ora monero "Kruger-a Rando", kiu portas lian bildon. * * * (eo) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (Bulhoek, Lurmutur Kolonia, 1825eko urriaren 10a - Clarens, Suitza, 1904ko uztailaren 14a), ezagunagoa Paul Kruger izenaz eta maitekiro Oom Paul (afrikaansez, "Osaba Paul") ezizenaz deitua, Erresuma Batuaren aurkako boer erresistentziaren buru nagusia eta Hegoafrikako Errepublikako presidentea ere izan zen. Kondairaren arabera, Tshwane lurraldeko biztanleek Mamelodi'a Tshwane (tswanaz "Apies ibaiko txistularia") ezizenaz deitzen omen zuten, txorien txioak imitatu eta txistukatzeko trebezia baitzuen. (eu) Stephanus Johannes Paulus « Paul » Kruger, né le 10 octobre 1825 à Bulhoek dans la colonie du Cap en Afrique du Sud et mort le 14 juillet 1904 à Clarens en Suisse, est un chef militaire boer, un homme politique et un chef d'État qui fut président de la République sud-africaine (ou Transvaal) de 1883 à 1902. Généralement surnommé Oom Paul (« Oncle Paul » en afrikaans) ou encore Mamelodi (par les populations noires du Bushveld), il a représenté l'incarnation du nationalisme afrikaner (Afrikanerdom) en lutte contre le Royaume-Uni durant la seconde guerre des Boers entre 1899 et 1902. Né dans l'Est de la colonie du Cap, Kruger participa durant son enfance au Grand Trek à la fin des années 1830. Il ne reçut presque aucune éducation en dehors de son apprentissage religieux. Protégé du chef voortrekker Andries Pretorius, il assista à la signature du traité de Sand River avec le Royaume-Uni en 1852 et dans les années qui suivirent, il joua un rôle déterminant dans les politiques de la jeune République sud-africaine du Transvaal en servant de médiateur lors des fréquentes luttes de pouvoir. En 1863, il fut élu commandant-général (chef des armées du Transvaal) et occupa cette fonction pendant une décennie avant de démissionner après l'élection du président Thomas François Burgers (1872). Paul Kruger fut nommé vice-président en 1877, peu avant que la République ne soit annexée par le Royaume-Uni pour devenir la colonie du Transvaal. Au cours des trois années qui suivirent, il mena deux délégations à Londres pour protester contre cette annexion et devint le chef de file du mouvement indépendantiste qui parvint à ses fins lors de la première guerre des Boers de 1880-1881. Élu président en 1883, il mena l'année suivante une troisième députation qui signa la (en) par laquelle le Royaume-Uni reconnaissait le Transvaal comme un État indépendant. La découverte de diamants et surtout d'or dans la région entraîna un afflux massif de colons britanniques, appelés uitlanders (« étrangers ») dans la langue des Boers. L'industrie minière qu'ils développèrent fournissait la quasi-totalité des revenus de la République sud-africaine mais le gouvernement de Kruger refusa de leur donner les mêmes droits civiques de peur qu'ils ne prennent l'ascendant politique sur les Boers. Ce problème et les tensions avec le Royaume-Uni dominèrent le reste de la présidence de Kruger et ils débouchèrent finalement sur la seconde guerre des Boers (1899-1902). Kruger rejoignit l'Europe pour y chercher des alliés quand la guerre tourna à l'avantage des Britanniques en 1900 et il refusa de retourner en Afrique du Sud après la victoire de ces derniers. Il mourut en Suisse à l'âge de 78 ans en 1904 et sa dépouille fut inhumée dans le Heroes' Acre de Pretoria lors de funérailles nationales. Icône de l'histoire afrikaner, ses admirateurs le considèrent comme étant un héros populaire tragique qui a lutté courageusement contre le colonialisme et l'impérialisme britannique alors que ses détracteurs, pour son refus d'étendre le droit de vote aux uitlanders, pour son interprétation littérale de la Bible et pour la place de sa foi religieuse dans ses prises de décision, le voient comme ayant été le défenseur opiniâtre d'un mode de vie et d'une vision du monde allant à contresens de l'histoire et de la modernité. (fr) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , más conocido como Paul Kruger y cariñosamente llamado Oom Paul («Tío Paul» en afrikáans), fue un prominente líder de la resistencia bóer contra el Reino Unido y presidente de la República Sudafricana. De acuerdo con la leyenda, fue llamado Mamelodi'a Tshwane («silbador del río Apies» en tswana) por los habitantes del Tshwane debido a su habilidad para silbar e imitar los gorjeos de los pájaros. (es) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈkry.(j)ər]; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was a South African politician. He was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed Oom Paul ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero. Born near the eastern edge of the Cape Colony, Kruger took part in the Great Trek as a child during the late 1830s. He had almost no education apart from the Bible. A protégé of the Voortrekker leader Andries Pretorius, he witnessed the signing of the Sand River Convention with Britain in 1852 and over the next decade played a prominent role in the forging of the South African Republic, leading its commandos and resolving disputes between the rival Boer leaders and factions. In 1863 he was elected Commandant-General, a post he held for a decade before he resigned soon after the election of President Thomas François Burgers. Kruger was appointed Vice President in March 1877, shortly before the South African Republic was annexed by Britain as the Transvaal. Over the next three years he headed two deputations to London to try to have this overturned. He became the leading figure in the movement to restore the South African Republic's independence, culminating in the Boers' victory in the First Boer War of 1880–81. Kruger served until 1883 as a member of an executive triumvirate, then was elected President. In 1884 he headed a third deputation that brokered the London Convention, under which Britain recognised the South African Republic as a completely independent state. Following the influx of thousands of predominantly British settlers with the Witwatersrand Gold Rush of 1886, "uitlanders" (foreigners) provided almost all of the South African Republic's tax revenues but lacked civic representation; Boer burghers retained control of the government. The uitlander problem and the associated tensions with Britain dominated Kruger's attention for the rest of his presidency, to which he was re-elected in 1888, 1893 and 1898, and led to the Jameson Raid of 1895–96 and ultimately the Second Boer War. Kruger left for Europe as the war turned against the Boers in 1900 and spent the rest of his life in exile, refusing to return home following the British victory. After he died in Switzerland at the age of 78 in 1904, his body was returned to South Africa for a state funeral, and buried in the Heroes' Acre in Pretoria. (en) Polaiteoir de chuid na hAfraice Theas ab ea Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger nó Paul Kruger (10 Deireadh Fómhair, 1825 - 14 Iúil, 1904). Tugadh an leas ainm Uncail Pól (Afracáinis: "Oom Paul") air chomh maith. Bhí sé in a uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAfraice Theas. Bhain sé cáil idirnáisiúnta amach mar urlabhraí na mBórach ina gcoimhlint in aghaidh na Breataine le linn Dara Cogadh na mBórach (1899-1902). (ga) Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (/ˈkruːɡər/; Belanda: [ˈkryχər]; 10 Oktober 1825 – 14 Juli 1904) adalah seorang pemimpin politik dan militer yang menjabat sebagai Republik Afrika Selatan (atau Transvaal) dari 1883 sampai 1900. Berjuluk Oom Paul ("Paman Paul"), ia datang dengan pengaruh internasional sebagai wajah penyebab Boer—Transvaal dan —melawan Britania saat Perang Boer Kedua pada 1899–1902, dan disebut sebagai personifikasi dari keAfrikaneran. Ia masih menjadi figur yang kontroversial dan divisif; orang-orang menghormatinya sebagai pahlawan foklor yang tragis, sementara para kritikus memandangnya sebagai penjaga obstinate dari sebuah penyebab yang tidak tepat. Lahir di timur Koloni Tanjung, Kruger mengambil bagian dalam Great Trek ketika masa kecil pada akhir 1830-an. Ia tidak pernah mendapatkan pendidikan dari Alkitab dan mempercayai bahwa . Sebagai seorang protégé dari pemimpin Voortrekker , ia menyaksikan penandatanganan dengan Britania pada 1852 dan pada dekade berikutnya ia memainkan peran penting di Republik Afrika Selatan, menyerukan -komandonya dan ikut dalam persengketaan antara para pemimpin dan faksi rival Boer. Pada 1863 ia terpilih menjadi , sebuah jabatan yang dipegang selama satu dekade sebelum ia mengundurkan diri setelah terpilihnya Presiden . Kruger dilantik menjadi Wakil Presiden pada 1877, tak lama sebelum Republik Afrika Selatan dianeksasi oleh Britania sebagai Transvaal. Pada tiga tahun berikutnya, ia mengepalai dua deputasi ke London dan menjadi figur utama dari gerakan pengembalian kemerdekaan Republik Afrika Selatan, dengan kemenangan Boer pada Perang Boer Pertama pada 1880–81. Kruger menjabat sampai 1883 sebagai anggota eksekutif, kemudian menjadi Prosiden . Pada 1884, ia mengepalai deputasi ketiga pada , dimana Britania mensahkan Republik Afrika Selatan sebagai negara merdeka secara penuh. Setelah ia meninggal di Swiss pada usia 78 tahun pada 1904, jenazahnya dikembalikan ke Afrika Selatan untuk sebuah pemakaman kenegaraan, dan dikuburkan di di Pretoria. (in) ステファノ・ヨハンネス・ポール・クリューガー（アフリカーンス語: Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger、1825年10月10日 - 1904年7月14日）は、トランスヴァール共和国（現: 南アフリカ共和国）の政治家。 大統領（初代）を務める。クルーガー、クリューゲルとも表記する。 (ja) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger (Colesberg, 10 ottobre 1825 – Le Châtelard, 14 luglio 1904) è stato un politico sudafricano. Chiamato anche Oom Paul (afrikaans per "Zio Paul"), fu un leader della resistenza boera contro il governo britannico del Sudafrica, e presidente della Repubblica del Transvaal. Da Paul Kruger prende il nome il celebre Parco nazionale Kruger, il principale parco nazionale faunistico sudafricano. (it) Stephanus Johannes Paulus (Paul) Kruger (Bulhoek (Britse Kaapkolonie), 10 oktober 1825 – Clarens (Zwitserland), 14 juli 1904), ook bekend als Oom Paul, was de vijfde president van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal) en de meest prominente Boer tijdens en tussen de Boerenoorlogen. Na zijn succesvolle optreden bij de Eerste Boerenoorlog werd Kruger op 30 december 1880 president van Transvaal, als lid van het Driemanschap. Hij werd daarna nog vier keer herkozen, voor het laatst in 1898. Onder zijn leiderschap transformeerde het failliete Transvaal van zijn voorganger Thomas François Burgers tot een rijke en militair sterke Boerenstaat maar liepen de spanningen met het Britse Rijk hoog op. Na zware verliezen te hebben geleden in de Tweede Boerenoorlog vertrok hij naar Europa, waarna hij niet meer naar zijn land zou terugkeren tot zijn herbegrafenis in 1904. (nl) Paul Kruger, Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, kallad Oom Paul (afrikaans för Farbror Paul), född 10 oktober 1825 på gården nära Cradock, Kapprovinsen (i nuvarande Östra Kapprovinsen), död 14 juli 1904 i Montreux, Schweiz, var en sydafrikansk politiker och boerledare. (sv) Стефанус Йоханнес Паулус Крюгер (упоминается также как Пауль Крюгер) (африк. Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger; 10 октября 1825, — 14 июля 1904, Кларанс, кантон Во, Швейцария), известный по почтительному прозвищу «Дядюшка Пауль» (африк. Oom Paul), — президент Южно-Африканской республики в 1883—1900 годах. (ru) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Krüger (ur. 10 października 1825 w Cradock lub w Colesbergu, w Kolonii Przylądkowej (obecnie RPA), zm. 14 lipca 1904 w w Szwajcarii) – południowoafrykański polityk bursko-niemieckiego pochodzenia, lider oporu Burów przeciw Brytyjczykom i prezydent Republiki Południowoafrykańskiej. (pl) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger (fazenda Bulhoek, Colônia do Cabo, 10 de outubro de 1825 — Clarens, Vaud, 14 de julho de 1904), também conhecido como Oom Paul (em africâner "Tio Paul") foi presidente da República Sul-Africana (informalmente chamada República do Transvaal) e líder da resistência bôer contra o domínio britânico na África do Sul. Segundo a tradição, ele recebeu o apelido de Mamelodi'a Tshwane (Tswana significa "assobiador do rio Apies"), dado pelos habitantes de Tshwane, por sua habilidade de assobiar e imitar o som dos pássaros. (pt) 斯特凡努斯·约翰内斯·保卢斯·克留格尔（南非語：Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger，1825年10月10日－1904年7月14日），简称保罗·克留格尔（Paul Kruger），又被人亲切地称为保罗大叔（Oom Paul），南非共和國总统。在第二次布尔战争（1899年至1902年）期间，他以领导布尔人争取脱离英国统治的独立自治而闻名。 (zh) Стефанус Йоганнес Паулус Крюгер (10 жовтня 1825 р. — 14 липня 1904), відоміший як Поль Крюгер або дядько Поль (афр. Oom Paul) — бурський державний і політичний діяч, президент Трансваалю. Він здобув світову славу за як визначна фігура опору бурів проти англійців під час Другої англо-бурської війни (1899–1902). Є національним героєм Південно-Африканської республіки. (uk) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1825-10-10 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthName | Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (en) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Cape_Colony dbr:Steynsburg |
| dbo:deathDate | 1904-07-14 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Clarens,_Switzerland |
| dbo:restingPlace | dbr:Pretoria dbr:Heroes'_Acre_(South_Africa) |
| dbo:signature | Paul Kruger's signature.png |
| dbo:termPeriod | dbr:Paul_Kruger__Tenure__1 dbr:Paul_Kruger__Tenure__2 |
| dbo:thumbnail | wiki-commons:Special:FilePath/Paul_Kruger,_1883.jpg?width=300 |
| dbo:wikiPageExternalLink | https://archive.org/details/diamondsgoldwarb00mere http://www.goldbarsworldwide.com/PDF/BC_2_Krugerrand.pdf http://www.sahra.org.za/node/33628 http://www.sahra.org.za/sites/922630007 https://archive.org/details/afj5731.0001.001.umich.edu https://archive.org/details/generalhistoryof00unes/page/144 https://archive.org/details/isbn_9780313320613 https://archive.org/details/realkrugertransv00bunc https://archive.today/20150227095954/http:/www.sahra.org.za/sites/922630007 https://web.archive.org/web/20141102052202/http:/www.reuters.com/article/2009/05/24/us-swiss-street-idUSTRE54N00820090524 https://web.archive.org/web/20150227151858/http:/www.sahra.org.za/node/33628 https://web.archive.org/web/20150528002447/http:/www.nzz.ch/aktuell/startseite/furgler-und-duerrenmatt-verdraengen-kruger-1.2703571 https://www.reuters.com/article/us-swiss-street-idUSTRE54N00820090524 http://www.nzz.ch/aktuell/startseite/furgler-und-duerrenmatt-verdraengen-kruger-1.2703571 https://archive.org/details/disraeli00blak |
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| dbp:birthName | Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (en) |
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| dbp:termEnd | 1883-05-09 (xsd:date) 1902-05-31 (xsd:date) |
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| rdfs:comment | Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , més conegut com a Paul Kruger i afectuosament conegut com a Oom Paul ("Oncle Paul" en afrikaans) va ser un prominent líder de la resistència bòer contra el Regne Unit i president de la República de Transvaal a Sud-àfrica. D'acord amb la llegenda, va ser anomenat Mamelodi'a Tshwane ("xiulador del riu Apies" en tswana) pels habitants del Tshwane per la seva habilitat per a xiular i imitar els cants dels ocells. (ca) بول كروغر (بالأفريقانية: Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger ) (و. 1825 – 1904 م) هو سياسي، توفي عن عمر يناهز 79 عاماً ، بسبب ذات الرئة. (ar) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger, známý jako strýček Paul, (10. říjen 1825, – 14. červenec 1904, ) byl významný búrský politik a prezident Transvaalu (1880–1902). (cs) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (* 10. Oktober 1825 in Vaalbank bei Colesberg, Kapkolonie; † 14. Juli 1904 in Clarens in der Schweiz), auch Oom Paul (Afrikaans für „Onkel Paul“) genannt oder Krüger geschrieben, war ein südafrikanischer Politiker und von 1882 bis 1902 Präsident der Südafrikanischen Republik (auch als Transvaal bekannt). (de) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (Bulhoek, Lurmutur Kolonia, 1825eko urriaren 10a - Clarens, Suitza, 1904ko uztailaren 14a), ezagunagoa Paul Kruger izenaz eta maitekiro Oom Paul (afrikaansez, "Osaba Paul") ezizenaz deitua, Erresuma Batuaren aurkako boer erresistentziaren buru nagusia eta Hegoafrikako Errepublikako presidentea ere izan zen. Kondairaren arabera, Tshwane lurraldeko biztanleek Mamelodi'a Tshwane (tswanaz "Apies ibaiko txistularia") ezizenaz deitzen omen zuten, txorien txioak imitatu eta txistukatzeko trebezia baitzuen. (eu) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger , más conocido como Paul Kruger y cariñosamente llamado Oom Paul («Tío Paul» en afrikáans), fue un prominente líder de la resistencia bóer contra el Reino Unido y presidente de la República Sudafricana. De acuerdo con la leyenda, fue llamado Mamelodi'a Tshwane («silbador del río Apies» en tswana) por los habitantes del Tshwane debido a su habilidad para silbar e imitar los gorjeos de los pájaros. (es) Polaiteoir de chuid na hAfraice Theas ab ea Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger nó Paul Kruger (10 Deireadh Fómhair, 1825 - 14 Iúil, 1904). Tugadh an leas ainm Uncail Pól (Afracáinis: "Oom Paul") air chomh maith. Bhí sé in a uachtarán ar Phoblacht na hAfraice Theas. Bhain sé cáil idirnáisiúnta amach mar urlabhraí na mBórach ina gcoimhlint in aghaidh na Breataine le linn Dara Cogadh na mBórach (1899-1902). (ga) ステファノ・ヨハンネス・ポール・クリューガー（アフリカーンス語: Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger、1825年10月10日 - 1904年7月14日）は、トランスヴァール共和国（現: 南アフリカ共和国）の政治家。 大統領（初代）を務める。クルーガー、クリューゲルとも表記する。 (ja) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger (Colesberg, 10 ottobre 1825 – Le Châtelard, 14 luglio 1904) è stato un politico sudafricano. Chiamato anche Oom Paul (afrikaans per "Zio Paul"), fu un leader della resistenza boera contro il governo britannico del Sudafrica, e presidente della Repubblica del Transvaal. Da Paul Kruger prende il nome il celebre Parco nazionale Kruger, il principale parco nazionale faunistico sudafricano. (it) Paul Kruger, Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger, kallad Oom Paul (afrikaans för Farbror Paul), född 10 oktober 1825 på gården nära Cradock, Kapprovinsen (i nuvarande Östra Kapprovinsen), död 14 juli 1904 i Montreux, Schweiz, var en sydafrikansk politiker och boerledare. (sv) Стефанус Йоханнес Паулус Крюгер (упоминается также как Пауль Крюгер) (африк. Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger; 10 октября 1825, — 14 июля 1904, Кларанс, кантон Во, Швейцария), известный по почтительному прозвищу «Дядюшка Пауль» (африк. Oom Paul), — президент Южно-Африканской республики в 1883—1900 годах. (ru) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Krüger (ur. 10 października 1825 w Cradock lub w Colesbergu, w Kolonii Przylądkowej (obecnie RPA), zm. 14 lipca 1904 w w Szwajcarii) – południowoafrykański polityk bursko-niemieckiego pochodzenia, lider oporu Burów przeciw Brytyjczykom i prezydent Republiki Południowoafrykańskiej. (pl) Stephanus Johannes Paul Kruger (fazenda Bulhoek, Colônia do Cabo, 10 de outubro de 1825 — Clarens, Vaud, 14 de julho de 1904), também conhecido como Oom Paul (em africâner "Tio Paul") foi presidente da República Sul-Africana (informalmente chamada República do Transvaal) e líder da resistência bôer contra o domínio britânico na África do Sul. Segundo a tradição, ele recebeu o apelido de Mamelodi'a Tshwane (Tswana significa "assobiador do rio Apies"), dado pelos habitantes de Tshwane, por sua habilidade de assobiar e imitar o som dos pássaros. (pt) 斯特凡努斯·约翰内斯·保卢斯·克留格尔（南非語：Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger，1825年10月10日－1904年7月14日），简称保罗·克留格尔（Paul Kruger），又被人亲切地称为保罗大叔（Oom Paul），南非共和國总统。在第二次布尔战争（1899年至1902年）期间，他以领导布尔人争取脱离英国统治的独立自治而闻名。 (zh) Стефанус Йоганнес Паулус Крюгер (10 жовтня 1825 р. — 14 липня 1904), відоміший як Поль Крюгер або дядько Поль (афр. Oom Paul) — бурський державний і політичний діяч, президент Трансваалю. Він здобув світову славу за як визначна фігура опору бурів проти англійців під час Другої англо-бурської війни (1899–1902). Є національним героєм Південно-Африканської республіки. (uk) Stephanus Johannes Paulus KRUGER (naskita je la 10-a de oktobro 1825 en , mortinta je la 14-a de julio 1904 en en Svislando) estis sud-afrika politikisto, prezidento de la Transvala Respubliko ek de 1880. En la dua Britia-bura Milito Kruger transdonis la prezidentecon al sia viculo Burger kaj per nederlanda batalŝipo iris al Eŭropo, kie li pasigis la ceteron de sia vivo.Nur post lia morto en Svislando oni reportis lian kadavron al Sud-Afriko por entombigo en Pretorio. * * * (eo) Stephanus Johannes Paulus « Paul » Kruger, né le 10 octobre 1825 à Bulhoek dans la colonie du Cap en Afrique du Sud et mort le 14 juillet 1904 à Clarens en Suisse, est un chef militaire boer, un homme politique et un chef d'État qui fut président de la République sud-africaine (ou Transvaal) de 1883 à 1902. Généralement surnommé Oom Paul (« Oncle Paul » en afrikaans) ou encore Mamelodi (par les populations noires du Bushveld), il a représenté l'incarnation du nationalisme afrikaner (Afrikanerdom) en lutte contre le Royaume-Uni durant la seconde guerre des Boers entre 1899 et 1902. (fr) Stephanus Johannes Paulus Kruger (Afrikaans pronunciation: [ˈkry.(j)ər]; 10 October 1825 – 14 July 1904) was a South African politician. He was one of the dominant political and military figures in 19th-century South Africa, and President of the South African Republic (or Transvaal) from 1883 to 1900. Nicknamed Oom Paul ("Uncle Paul"), he came to international prominence as the face of the Boer cause—that of the Transvaal and its neighbour the Orange Free State—against Britain during the Second Boer War of 1899–1902. He has been called a personification of Afrikanerdom, and remains a controversial figure; admirers venerate him as a tragic folk hero. (en) Stephanus Johannes Paulus "Paul" Kruger (/ˈkruːɡər/; Belanda: [ˈkryχər]; 10 Oktober 1825 – 14 Juli 1904) adalah seorang pemimpin politik dan militer yang menjabat sebagai Republik Afrika Selatan (atau Transvaal) dari 1883 sampai 1900. Berjuluk Oom Paul ("Paman Paul"), ia datang dengan pengaruh internasional sebagai wajah penyebab Boer—Transvaal dan —melawan Britania saat Perang Boer Kedua pada 1899–1902, dan disebut sebagai personifikasi dari keAfrikaneran. Ia masih menjadi figur yang kontroversial dan divisif; orang-orang menghormatinya sebagai pahlawan foklor yang tragis, sementara para kritikus memandangnya sebagai penjaga obstinate dari sebuah penyebab yang tidak tepat. (in) Stephanus Johannes Paulus (Paul) Kruger (Bulhoek (Britse Kaapkolonie), 10 oktober 1825 – Clarens (Zwitserland), 14 juli 1904), ook bekend als Oom Paul, was de vijfde president van de Zuid-Afrikaansche Republiek (Transvaal) en de meest prominente Boer tijdens en tussen de Boerenoorlogen. (nl) |
| rdfs:label | Paul Kruger (en) بول كروغر (ar) Paul Kruger (ca) Paul Kruger (cs) Paul Kruger (de) Paulus Kruger (eo) Paul Kruger (es) Paul Kruger (eu) Paul Kruger (ga) Paul Kruger (in) Paul Kruger (fr) Paul Kruger (it) ポール・クリューガー (ja) Paul Kruger (nl) Paul Kruger (pl) Paul Kruger (pt) Крюгер, Пауль (ru) Paul Kruger (sv) Поль Крюгер (uk) 保罗·克留格尔 (zh) |
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