House of Commons of the United Kingdom (original) (raw)

Dolní sněmovna (House of Commons) je dolní komora Parlamentu Spojeného království, do kterého dále patří panovník a Sněmovna lordů. Obě sněmovny zasedají ve Westminsterském paláci. Dolní sněmovna je demokraticky volený orgán, který má v současnosti 650 členů (horní komora 800 členů). Poslanci jsou voleni v jednomandátových volebních obvodech systémem relativní většiny (FPTP).

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dbo:abstract	مجلس عموم المملكة المتحدة (بالإنجليزية: House of Commons of the United Kingdom)‏ ويعرف اختصارًا باسم مجلس العموم، يشغل الغرفة السفلى من برلمان المملكة المتحدة، والغرفة العليا يشغلها مجلس اللوردات. يُنتخب مجلس العموم بطريقة الاقتراع السري المباشر لاختيار 650 عضوا - فقد أصبح هذا عددهم منذ الانتخابات العامة لعام 2010 - وتُجرى انتخابات المجلس بطريقة ، وهم يشغلون مقاعدهم لحين انتخاب أعضاء آخرين بعد مضي خمس سنوات، ويرمز للعضو بالحروف (MP) أي اختصار لكلمة عضو البرلمان باللغة الإنجليزية، ويتم انتخاب أعضاء البرلمان إمَّا عن طريق انتخابات عامة تجرى في جميع الدوائر الانتخابية، أو عن طريق انتخابات تكميلية تحدث عن حدوث حالة وفاة لأحد أعضاء المجلس. تطور مجلس العموم البريطاني في بإنجلترا خلال القرن الرابع عشر، وقد استمر هذا المجلس حتى صار مجلس العموم لبريطانيا العظمى بحدوث اتحاد سياسي مع اسكتلندا، وأيضا في القرن القرن التاسع عشر حدث اتحاد سياسي مع أيرلندا، وأخذ اسمه الحالي بعد استقلال أيرلندا عام 1922. كان مجلس العموم البريطاني أقل قوة من مجلس اللوردات في الأصل، ولكن ازدادت سلطاته التشريعية لتتجاوز إلى حد كبير مجلس اللوردات، فقد خفضت سلطة مجلس اللوردات وفقا لقانون البرلمان عام 1911، وينتمى رئيس الوزراء إلى مجلس العموم منذ عام 1902. ومنذ عام 1963، من خلال اتفاقية، أصبح شرطًا أن يكون رئيس الوزراء عضوًا في مجلس العموم، بعد أن كان يأتي سابقًا من مجلس اللوردات. (ar) La Cambra dels Comuns, oficialment Els Honorables Comuns del Regle Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord reunits al Parlament (en anglès, The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) és la cambra baixa del Parlament del Regne Unit. Té la seu al Palau de Westminster. El Parlament també compren el monarca (el rei o la reina) i una segona cambra: la cambra alta o Cambra dels Lords. Tot i això, la Cambra dels Comuns és la part més important del Parlament. La Cambra dels Comuns s'elegeix democràticament. Consta de 650 membres que s'escullen per (els electors han de triar un candidat i qui obté més vots guanya les eleccions) als diferents districtes del Regne Unit per un període màxim de cinc anys, fins que el monarca dissol el Parlament, generalment al cap de quatre anys. Aquests representants són anomenats membres del Parlament (en anglès: Members of Parliament o de manera escurçada: MPs). Cada càrrec electe representa una circumscripció (en anglès: constituency). Des de 1902, tots els Primers Ministres, a excepció de al 1963 i Gordon Brown al 2007, han estat en algun moment representants dels comuns. A més, tots els ministres dels diferents governs provenen de la Cambra dels Comuns. La Cambra dels Comuns es va establir al segle xiv i ha existit de forma continuada des d'aleshores. El terme comuns deriva dels comuns francesos normands i es refereix a les comunitats geogràfiques i col·lectives dels seus representants. En els seus inicis tenia menys poder que la Cambra dels Lords, però actualment és la cambra amb majors poders legislatius del Parlament. Durant els segles xviii i xix va ser l'únic òrgan polític amb un sistema democràtic en general. Des de 1911, el poder legislatiu de la Cambra dels Comuns excedeix el poder de la Cambra dels Lords, ja que a partir d'aquella data es va suprimir als lords el poder de rebutjar les lleis i només van conservar la potestat de suggerir modificacions. A més, el Primer Ministre roman en el seu càrrec només mentre conserva el suport dels comuns, i el govern del Regne Unit ha de respondre davant la Cambra dels Comuns quan els seus membres ho considerin convenient. L'arxiu de la Cambra dels Comuns es troba a la seva pròpia biblioteca. (ca) Dolní sněmovna (House of Commons) je dolní komora Parlamentu Spojeného království, do kterého dále patří panovník a Sněmovna lordů. Obě sněmovny zasedají ve Westminsterském paláci. Dolní sněmovna je demokraticky volený orgán, který má v současnosti 650 členů (horní komora 800 členů). Poslanci jsou voleni v jednomandátových volebních obvodech systémem relativní většiny (FPTP). (cs) Das House of Commons (HoC), im Deutschen meist britisches Unterhaus genannt (offiziell: The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled; deutsch: „Die Ehrenwerten, im Parlament versammelten Gemeinen des Vereinigten Königreichs von Großbritannien und Nordirland“), ist die politisch entscheidende zweite Kammer des britischen Parlaments. Das Unterhaus bestimmt über Gesetzgebung und Staatshaushalt, die Regierung des Vereinigten Königreichs ist ihm gegenüber verantwortlich, und ein Premierminister bleibt nur so lange im Amt, wie er seine Unterstützung hat. Neben dem House of Commons gehören die Krone und das Oberhaus, das House of Lords, zum Parlament. Beide Kammern tagen im Palace of Westminster. Dem Unterhaus gehören 650 Abgeordnete, die Members of Parliament (MP) an. Die Mitglieder des Parlaments werden in ihren jeweiligen Wahlbezirken, den Constituencies, in relativer Mehrheitswahl bestimmt und bleiben bis zur Auflösung des Parlaments im Amt. Der Fixed-term Parliaments Act von 2011 legte eine Amtszeit von fünf Jahren fest. Eine vorzeitige Auflösung des Unterhauses ist nur durch Parlamentsbeschluss mit Zweidrittelmehrheit oder ein Misstrauensvotum möglich. Die Minister sind überwiegend gleichzeitig Abgeordnete des Unterhauses, ebenso seit 1963 alle Premierminister. Als Ursprung des heutigen Unterhauses gilt De Montfort’s Parliament von 1264, ein Ratgebergremium des Königs, dem erstmals auch bürgerliche Vertreter angehörten. Zu einer eigenständigen Kammer des englischen Parlaments entwickelte es sich maßgeblich im 14. Jahrhundert aus der Versammlung der Vertreter der meist Handel treibenden Städte und hat seitdem ununterbrochen existiert. Im Unterhaus saßen zunächst nur englische Abgeordnete. Seit dem 16. Jahrhundert kamen walisische, seit dem Act of Union 1707 schottische und seit 1801 auch irische Mitglieder hinzu. Zu Beginn seiner Geschichte war das Unterhaus der am wenigsten bedeutende Teil des Parlaments. Ab dem 17. Jahrhundert jedoch, vor allem infolge des Englischen Bürgerkriegs und der Glorious Revolution, stieg es allmählich zum vorherrschenden Zweig der Legislative auf. Seine Kompetenzen gehen heute sowohl über die der Krone als auch über die des Oberhauses hinaus. Seit dem Parliament Act von 1911 kann das Oberhaus Gesetzesentwürfe des Unterhauses nicht mehr verwerfen, sondern nur noch ein aufschiebendes Veto gegen sie einlegen. (de) Η Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων (αγγλικά: House of Commons) είναι η Κάτω Βουλή του Κοινοβουλίου του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει επίσης το Βρετανό Μονάρχη και τη Βουλή των Λόρδων (Άνω Βουλή). Και τα δύο κοινοβουλευτικά σώματα (Βουλή των Λόρδων και Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων) συνεδριάζουν στα Ανάκτορα του Ουεστμίνστερ. (el) La House of Commons (Ĉambro de komunuloj), foje nomata Lower House aŭ Lower Chamber (Suba ĉambro), aŭ oficiale The Honourable The Commons in Parliament Assembled (La honorindaj komunuloj en parlamento kunveninta), estas la ĉefa, demokratie elektita, ĉambro de la brita parlamento, la Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Parlamento de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando de Granda Britio kaj Norda Irlando). (eo) La Cámara de los Comunes (del inglés: House of Commons), oficialmente Los Honorables Comunes del Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte reunidos en Parlamento (The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled), es la Cámara Baja del Parlamento del Reino Unido. Tiene su sede en el Palacio de Westminster. El Parlamento británico tiene una segunda cámara: la cámara alta o Cámara de los Lores. La Cámara de los Comunes han sido durante generaciones los representantes del pueblo, es elegida democráticamente. Está conformada por 650 representantes elegidos por escrutinio uninominal mayoritario en los diferentes distritos electorales del Reino Unido por un período máximo de cinco años hasta que se disuelve el parlamento. A estos representantes se les denomina miembros del parlamento. El término comunes deriva de los comunes franceses normandos, refiriéndose a las comunidades geográficas y colectivas de sus representantes. Desde 1902 todos los primeros ministros, salvo lord Alec Douglas-Home en 1963 y Gordon Brown en 2007, han sido en algún momento representantes de los comunes. Además todos los ministros de los distintos gobiernos han sido elegidos entre miembros de la Cámara de los Comunes. La Cámara de los Comunes fue establecida en el siglo XIV y ha existido de forma continua desde entonces. La Cámara de los Comunes en sus inicios tenía menos poder que la Cámara de los Lores, pero hoy es la cámara con mayores poderes legislativos del parlamento, en los siglos XVIII y a lo largo XIX era el único órgano político con un sistema democrático en general. Desde 1911 el poder legislativo de la Cámara de los Comunes excede el poder de la Cámara de los Lores, ya que a partir de dicha fecha se les suprimió a los lores el poder de rechazar las leyes conservando solo la potestad de sugerir modificaciones. Además el primer ministro permanece en su cargo solamente mientras conserva el apoyo de los comunes y el gobierno del Reino Unido debe responder ante la Cámara de los Comunes cuando sus miembros lo estimen conveniente. El archivo de la Cámara se encuentra en su propia biblioteca. (es) Erresuma Batuko Komunen Ganbera (ingelesez House of Commons) Erresuma Batuko Parlamentuaren behe ganbera da, goi ganbera Lorden Ganbera izanik. Egoitza Londresko Westminster jauregian dauka. Komunen Ganberako kideak demokratikoki aukeratzen dira sufragio unibertsalez. 650 kideek osatzen dute ganbera eta gehienez 5 urteko eperako hautatzen dira parlamentua deuseztatu arte. Komunen Ganberako kideei parlamentuko kide edo Member of the Parliament (MP) deitzen zaie. Komunen Ganberako izen ofizial osoa ingelesez honako hau da: The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. (eu) The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 members known as members of Parliament (MPs). MPs are elected to represent constituencies by the first-past-the-post system and hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved. The House of Commons of England started to evolve in the 13th and 14th centuries. In 1707 it became the House of Commons of Great Britain after the political union with Scotland, and from 1800 it also became the House of Commons for Ireland after the political union of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1922 the body became the House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland after the independence of the Irish Free State. Under the Parliament Acts 1911 and 1949, the Lords' power to reject legislation was reduced to a delaying power. The government is solely responsible to the House of Commons and the prime minister stays in office only as long as they retain the confidence of a majority of the Commons. (en) La Chambre des communes (en anglais : House of Commons) est la chambre basse du Parlement du Royaume-Uni. Le Parlement comprend également le roi et la chambre haute, la Chambre des lords. La Chambre des communes est élue au suffrage universel direct : elle se compose de 650 députés (Members of Parliament ou MPs), représentant chacun une circonscription et élus au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour. Le mandat de la chambre est de cinq ans maximum, mais peut prendre fin avant son terme en étant dissoute par le souverain sur demande du Premier ministre, qui peut ainsi à tout moment fixer lui-même la date des élections générales. Le gouvernement est responsable devant la Chambre des communes : la majorité des membres, et notamment le Premier ministre, sont également membres de la Chambre des communes. Depuis le Parliament Act de 1911, la Chambre des communes peut dans certaines conditions adopter un projet de loi sans le consentement de la Chambre des lords. (fr) Is seomra tofa na Parlaiminte sa Ríocht Aontaithe é Teach na dTeachtaí. (ga) Dewan Rakyat (bahasa Inggris: House of Commons) adalah majelis rendah dalam Parlemen Britania Raya. Dewan Rakyat dan majelis tinggi yang bernama Dewan Bangsawan bersidang di Istana Westminster. Dewan Rakyat adalah badan yang terdiri dari 650 anggota. Mereka dipilih secara demokrasi dan dikenal sebagai "Anggota Parlemen" atau AP. Anggota parlemen dipilih melalui sistem pemungutan suara pluralitas, oleh daerah-daerah pemilihan yang dikenal sebagai , dan menjabat kursi mereka hingga Parlemen dibubarkan (maksimum lima tahun). Dewan Rakyat Britania Raya didirikan pada abad ke-14. Pada awalnya kekuasaan Dewan Rakyat tidak begitu besar jika dibandingkan dengan Dewan Bangsawan, tetapi kini kekuasaan perundangannya lebih besar dari Dewan Bangsawan. Di bawah , hak para Bangsawan untuk menolak undang-undang diturunkan menjadi hak untuk menangguhkan undang-undang saja. Kerajaan bertanggungjawab pada Dewan Rakyat. Perdana Menteri hanya dapat memegang jabatannya selama dia didukung oleh Dewan Rakyat. Hampir semua menteri kerajaan dilantik dari Dewan Rakyat (dengan satu pengecualian ) semua Perdana Menteri sejak 1902. Nama resmi dan lengkap Dewan Rakyat ialah the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled ("Yang Terhormat Dewan Rakyat Kerajaan Bersatu Britania Raya dan Irlandia Utara yang terhimpun dalam Parlemen"). (in) 영국 하원(영어: House of Commons of the United Kingdom) 혹은 서민원(庶民院)은 영국 의회의 하원이다. 상원과 같이 웨스트민스터 궁전에서 회의를 가진다. 하원의 구성 의원들은 상원과 달리 국민에 의해 직접 선출된다. 2010년 선거 이후로 650명의 국회의원이 있으며, 이들은 소선거구제를 통해 민주적으로 선출된다. 13세기와 14세기에 발전된 (House of Commons of England)은 1707년 스코틀랜드를 정치적으로 병합한 이후 그래이트브리튼 서민원(House of Commons of Great Britain)이 되었고, 19세기 초반에 아일랜드를 병합한 이후 현재의 징호를 얻었다. 연합 왕국(United Kingdom)은 1800년부터 그레이트브리튼 아일랜드 연합 왕국을 의미했으며, 아일랜드 자유국이 독립한 1922년부터는 영국을 의미하게 되었다. 에 따라 상원의 입법을 저지할 권리는 입법을 지연시키는 권리로 축소되었다. 정부는 주로 하원에 대해서만 책임이 있으며, 총리는 다수의 하원 의원의 지지를 유지하는 한, 그 보직을 유지한다. (ko) La Camera dei comuni è la camera bassa del Parlamento del Regno Unito, di cui è il ramo dominante.La Camera dei comuni è eletta a suffragio universale e diretto, questa si compone di 650 membri che assumono il titolo di "membri del parlamento" (Members of Parliament) abbreviato in MPs. La Camera dei comuni è eletta con il sistema maggioritario.I suoi membri durano in carica fino a che la Camera non viene sciolta per le nuove elezioni, cosa che avviene entro un massimo di cinque anni dall'ultima elezione. Ogni membro è eletto e rappresenta un distretto elettorale chiamato "constituency" (in italiano "Collegio"). Sede della Camera dei comuni è il Palazzo di Westminster, a Londra. È l'unico luogo di tutto il Regno Unito in cui, per tradizione, al sovrano non è consentito mettere piede. L'aula della Camera dei comuni (it) Izba Gmin (ang. House of Commons) – izba niższa dwuizbowego parlamentu brytyjskiego. Odgrywa rolę nadrzędną wobec izby wyższej – Izby Lordów. W skład Izby Gmin wchodzi 650 deputowanych (MPs od angielskiego Member of Parliament – członek parlamentu), wybieranych przez całość obywateli Zjednoczonego Królestwa w powszechnych, czteroprzymiotnikowych wyborach, w jednomandatowych okręgach wyborczych. (pl) 庶民院（しょみんいん、英語: House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）は、イギリスの議会を構成する議院のひとつで、下院に相当する。貴族院（House of Lords）と共に両院制の議会を構成している。会期は1年1会期で、通年開会。ただし休会はある。 (ja) Het Lagerhuis (House of Commons) is de belangrijkste kamer van het Britse parlement dat bestaat uit een tweekamerstelsel. De andere kamer is het Hogerhuis (House of Lords). Het Lagerhuis bestaat uit 650 leden die volgens een enkelvoudig districtenstelsel worden gekozen (een meerderheidsstelsel, waarbij een relatieve meerderheid in een district voldoende is om gekozen te worden). Het Lagerhuis komt bijeen in het Palace of Westminster. De laatste algemene verkiezingen voor het Lagerhuis vonden plaats op 12 december 2019 voor alle 650 zetels. * House of Commons (1851) * Illustratie van een debat in 1886 (nl) Underhuset (engelska: the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled eller endast House of Commons) är den ena kammaren i det brittiska parlamentet, den andra är överhuset (engelska: House of Lords). Underhuset är den primära lagstiftaren i Storbritannien och utser i praktiken den verkställande politiska makten i form av premiärministern, som formellt utses av kungen. Premiärministern måste därefter söka stöd för sin politik i underhuset, som genom en misstroendeomröstning kan tvinga premiärministern att antingen avgå eller utlysa nyval. Det stora flertalet ministerposter besätts av underhusledamöter, och varje premiärminister sedan 1902 har hämtats från underhuset, med undantag för Sir Alec Douglas-Home 1963–1964. De 650 ledamöterna i underhuset kallas "Medlemmar av Parlamentet" (engelska: Members of Parliament, MPs). De väljs genom majoritetsval i enmansvalkretsar och de sitter tills parlamentet upplöses, maximalt fem år efter det senaste valet. House of Commons bildades någon gång under 1300-talet och har funnits kontinuerligt sedan dess. House of Commons, som "underhus", hade en gång betydligt mindre makt än House of Lords, överhuset, men är numera den klart mäktigaste institutionen. Underhusets lagstiftningsmakt är större än överhusets; genom Parliament Act 1911 inskränktes överhusets makt att avslå de flesta lagförslag till att endast kunna fördröja lagförslag. Det fullständiga, formella namnet för House of Commons är The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. Termen "Commons" härrör från det normandiska ordet communes, som syftar på representanternas geografiska och kollektiva gemenskaper. (sv) Câmara dos Comuns do Reino Unido (Em Inglês, House of Commons of the United Kingdom) é a câmara baixa do Parlamento do Reino Unido, composta por cerca de 650 membros chamados de Members of Parliament (Em português, Membro do Parlamento), ou seja, o equivalente a deputado, sendo que um deles deve presidir a casa, sendo denominado Speaker (cargo atualmente ocupado por Sir Lindsay Hoyle). Os membros do parlamento são eleitos através do sistema distrital first-past-the-post (FPTP) do Reino Unido para um mandato de cerca de 5 anos. Cada mandato dura até o Parlamento ser dissolvido para novas eleições. Originou-se na Câmara dos Comuns da Inglaterra, fundada no século XIV e depois evoluiu para Câmara dos Comuns da Grã-Bretanha até chegar a sua forma atual. Durante séculos a câmara baixa do parlamento britânico alcançou poder maior do que a Câmara dos Lordes, mas atualmente seus membros são considerados menos influentes quando da reunião do Parlamento. Contudo, quase todos os ministros do governo são apontados pela Câmara dos Comuns desde 1902. O Parlamento do Reino Unido, como é atualmente, descende do extinto Parlamento da Inglaterra que foi modificado para Parlamento da Grã-Bretanha pelo Tratado de União de 1707. O Parlamento foi recriado novamente pelo Ato de União de 1800, passando a ser conhecido oficialmente como Parlamento do Reino Unido após a extinção do Parlamento irlandês. (pt) Пала́та о́бщин (англ. House of Commons; полное наименование — Почте́нные о́бщины Соединённого Короле́вства Великобрита́нии и Се́верной Ирла́ндии, собра́вшиеся в Парла́менте, англ. The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) — нижняя палата парламента Великобритании. (ru) Пала́та грома́д (англ. House of Commons; повне найменування — Поважні громади Сполученого королівства Великої Британії і Північної Ірландії, які зібралися в Парламенті, англ. The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) — нижня палата парламенту Великої Британії. (uk) 英國下議院（英語：House of Commons of the United Kingdom），直譯為平民院或庶民院，是英國國會的下議院。英國國會由三大部份組成，它們分別是君主、作為上院的上議院，以及作為下院的下議院，當中又以下議院最具影響力。下議院是一個透過民主選舉產生的機構，目前內有650名成員，稱為國會議員，常用的英文簡寫則是「MP」（Members of Parliament）。下議院議員是經由多數制選出，國會每屆不可長於5年，5年之內就要宣佈解散，而國會解散之時，也就是任期的終結。自1950年來每一位下議院議員都是由一個選區的選民選出，議員當選後，也就在議會代表該選區。現今聯合王國政府的內閣閣臣，絕大部份皆來自下院，而自1902年起，歷任的首相也同樣是下議院議員。惟在1963年的時候，來自上議院的亞歷克·道格拉斯-休姆伯爵獲任命為英國首相，不過，他在任命後不久，即放棄貴族爵位，並成功以亞歷克·道格拉斯-休姆爵士之身份選入下議院。下議院大約在14世紀出現，並且一直延續至今。在歷史上，下議院的權力曾遠遜於上議院，時至今日，下議院在兩院中佔主導地位。現時下議院的立法權力能夠超越上議院，而根據《1911年國會法令》（Parliament Act 1911），上院駁回大部份法案的權力被削減為僅僅拖延法案通過。此外，英國政府亦需要向下議院負責，首相如果失去下議院的支持，就要下野。下議院之官式全稱為「尊貴的與會大不列顛及北愛爾蘭聯合王國下議院議員」（The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled）。一直以為，下議院的英文「House of Commons」中，「Commons」一字乃來自英文「commoners」（解為庶民），反映盡皆庶民出身，以區別由貴族所掌的上議院。不過，這種解釋背後沒有史實支持，其實「Commons」一字語出諾曼法語的「communes」，意指議員們所代表的地區，具地理意味。上、下兩議院皆設於倫敦西敏市西敏宮內，而每次會議時，議事廳內必置有一權杖，以彰顯王權。下議院的有關資料現存放於。 (zh)
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rdfs:comment	Dolní sněmovna (House of Commons) je dolní komora Parlamentu Spojeného království, do kterého dále patří panovník a Sněmovna lordů. Obě sněmovny zasedají ve Westminsterském paláci. Dolní sněmovna je demokraticky volený orgán, který má v současnosti 650 členů (horní komora 800 členů). Poslanci jsou voleni v jednomandátových volebních obvodech systémem relativní většiny (FPTP). (cs) Η Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων (αγγλικά: House of Commons) είναι η Κάτω Βουλή του Κοινοβουλίου του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου, το οποίο περιλαμβάνει επίσης το Βρετανό Μονάρχη και τη Βουλή των Λόρδων (Άνω Βουλή). Και τα δύο κοινοβουλευτικά σώματα (Βουλή των Λόρδων και Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων) συνεδριάζουν στα Ανάκτορα του Ουεστμίνστερ. (el) La House of Commons (Ĉambro de komunuloj), foje nomata Lower House aŭ Lower Chamber (Suba ĉambro), aŭ oficiale The Honourable The Commons in Parliament Assembled (La honorindaj komunuloj en parlamento kunveninta), estas la ĉefa, demokratie elektita, ĉambro de la brita parlamento, la Parliament of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (Parlamento de la Unuiĝinta Reĝlando de Granda Britio kaj Norda Irlando). (eo) Erresuma Batuko Komunen Ganbera (ingelesez House of Commons) Erresuma Batuko Parlamentuaren behe ganbera da, goi ganbera Lorden Ganbera izanik. Egoitza Londresko Westminster jauregian dauka. Komunen Ganberako kideak demokratikoki aukeratzen dira sufragio unibertsalez. 650 kideek osatzen dute ganbera eta gehienez 5 urteko eperako hautatzen dira parlamentua deuseztatu arte. Komunen Ganberako kideei parlamentuko kide edo Member of the Parliament (MP) deitzen zaie. Komunen Ganberako izen ofizial osoa ingelesez honako hau da: The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled. (eu) Is seomra tofa na Parlaiminte sa Ríocht Aontaithe é Teach na dTeachtaí. (ga) 영국 하원(영어: House of Commons of the United Kingdom) 혹은 서민원(庶民院)은 영국 의회의 하원이다. 상원과 같이 웨스트민스터 궁전에서 회의를 가진다. 하원의 구성 의원들은 상원과 달리 국민에 의해 직접 선출된다. 2010년 선거 이후로 650명의 국회의원이 있으며, 이들은 소선거구제를 통해 민주적으로 선출된다. 13세기와 14세기에 발전된 (House of Commons of England)은 1707년 스코틀랜드를 정치적으로 병합한 이후 그래이트브리튼 서민원(House of Commons of Great Britain)이 되었고, 19세기 초반에 아일랜드를 병합한 이후 현재의 징호를 얻었다. 연합 왕국(United Kingdom)은 1800년부터 그레이트브리튼 아일랜드 연합 왕국을 의미했으며, 아일랜드 자유국이 독립한 1922년부터는 영국을 의미하게 되었다. 에 따라 상원의 입법을 저지할 권리는 입법을 지연시키는 권리로 축소되었다. 정부는 주로 하원에 대해서만 책임이 있으며, 총리는 다수의 하원 의원의 지지를 유지하는 한, 그 보직을 유지한다. (ko) Izba Gmin (ang. House of Commons) – izba niższa dwuizbowego parlamentu brytyjskiego. Odgrywa rolę nadrzędną wobec izby wyższej – Izby Lordów. W skład Izby Gmin wchodzi 650 deputowanych (MPs od angielskiego Member of Parliament – członek parlamentu), wybieranych przez całość obywateli Zjednoczonego Królestwa w powszechnych, czteroprzymiotnikowych wyborach, w jednomandatowych okręgach wyborczych. (pl) 庶民院（しょみんいん、英語: House of Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland）は、イギリスの議会を構成する議院のひとつで、下院に相当する。貴族院（House of Lords）と共に両院制の議会を構成している。会期は1年1会期で、通年開会。ただし休会はある。 (ja) Пала́та о́бщин (англ. House of Commons; полное наименование — Почте́нные о́бщины Соединённого Короле́вства Великобрита́нии и Се́верной Ирла́ндии, собра́вшиеся в Парла́менте, англ. The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) — нижняя палата парламента Великобритании. (ru) Пала́та грома́д (англ. House of Commons; повне найменування — Поважні громади Сполученого королівства Великої Британії і Північної Ірландії, які зібралися в Парламенті, англ. The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) — нижня палата парламенту Великої Британії. (uk) مجلس عموم المملكة المتحدة (بالإنجليزية: House of Commons of the United Kingdom)‏ ويعرف اختصارًا باسم مجلس العموم، يشغل الغرفة السفلى من برلمان المملكة المتحدة، والغرفة العليا يشغلها مجلس اللوردات. يُنتخب مجلس العموم بطريقة الاقتراع السري المباشر لاختيار 650 عضوا - فقد أصبح هذا عددهم منذ الانتخابات العامة لعام 2010 - وتُجرى انتخابات المجلس بطريقة ، وهم يشغلون مقاعدهم لحين انتخاب أعضاء آخرين بعد مضي خمس سنوات، ويرمز للعضو بالحروف (MP) أي اختصار لكلمة عضو البرلمان باللغة الإنجليزية، ويتم انتخاب أعضاء البرلمان إمَّا عن طريق انتخابات عامة تجرى في جميع الدوائر الانتخابية، أو عن طريق انتخابات تكميلية تحدث عن حدوث حالة وفاة لأحد أعضاء المجلس. (ar) La Cambra dels Comuns, oficialment Els Honorables Comuns del Regle Unit de Gran Bretanya i Irlanda del Nord reunits al Parlament (en anglès, The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled) és la cambra baixa del Parlament del Regne Unit. Té la seu al Palau de Westminster. El Parlament també compren el monarca (el rei o la reina) i una segona cambra: la cambra alta o Cambra dels Lords. Tot i això, la Cambra dels Comuns és la part més important del Parlament. L'arxiu de la Cambra dels Comuns es troba a la seva pròpia biblioteca. (ca) Das House of Commons (HoC), im Deutschen meist britisches Unterhaus genannt (offiziell: The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled; deutsch: „Die Ehrenwerten, im Parlament versammelten Gemeinen des Vereinigten Königreichs von Großbritannien und Nordirland“), ist die politisch entscheidende zweite Kammer des britischen Parlaments. Das Unterhaus bestimmt über Gesetzgebung und Staatshaushalt, die Regierung des Vereinigten Königreichs ist ihm gegenüber verantwortlich, und ein Premierminister bleibt nur so lange im Amt, wie er seine Unterstützung hat. Neben dem House of Commons gehören die Krone und das Oberhaus, das House of Lords, zum Parlament. Beide Kammern tagen im Palace of Westminster. (de) The House of Commons is the lower house of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Like the upper house, the House of Lords, it meets in the Palace of Westminster in London, England. The House of Commons is an elected body consisting of 650 members known as members of Parliament (MPs). MPs are elected to represent constituencies by the first-past-the-post system and hold their seats until Parliament is dissolved. (en) La Cámara de los Comunes (del inglés: House of Commons), oficialmente Los Honorables Comunes del Reino Unido de Gran Bretaña e Irlanda del Norte reunidos en Parlamento (The Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled), es la Cámara Baja del Parlamento del Reino Unido. Tiene su sede en el Palacio de Westminster. El Parlamento británico tiene una segunda cámara: la cámara alta o Cámara de los Lores. El archivo de la Cámara se encuentra en su propia biblioteca. (es) Dewan Rakyat (bahasa Inggris: House of Commons) adalah majelis rendah dalam Parlemen Britania Raya. Dewan Rakyat dan majelis tinggi yang bernama Dewan Bangsawan bersidang di Istana Westminster. Dewan Rakyat adalah badan yang terdiri dari 650 anggota. Mereka dipilih secara demokrasi dan dikenal sebagai "Anggota Parlemen" atau AP. Anggota parlemen dipilih melalui sistem pemungutan suara pluralitas, oleh daerah-daerah pemilihan yang dikenal sebagai , dan menjabat kursi mereka hingga Parlemen dibubarkan (maksimum lima tahun). (in) La Chambre des communes (en anglais : House of Commons) est la chambre basse du Parlement du Royaume-Uni. Le Parlement comprend également le roi et la chambre haute, la Chambre des lords. La Chambre des communes est élue au suffrage universel direct : elle se compose de 650 députés (Members of Parliament ou MPs), représentant chacun une circonscription et élus au scrutin uninominal majoritaire à un tour. Le mandat de la chambre est de cinq ans maximum, mais peut prendre fin avant son terme en étant dissoute par le souverain sur demande du Premier ministre, qui peut ainsi à tout moment fixer lui-même la date des élections générales. (fr) La Camera dei comuni è la camera bassa del Parlamento del Regno Unito, di cui è il ramo dominante.La Camera dei comuni è eletta a suffragio universale e diretto, questa si compone di 650 membri che assumono il titolo di "membri del parlamento" (Members of Parliament) abbreviato in MPs. Sede della Camera dei comuni è il Palazzo di Westminster, a Londra. È l'unico luogo di tutto il Regno Unito in cui, per tradizione, al sovrano non è consentito mettere piede. L'aula della Camera dei comuni (it) Het Lagerhuis (House of Commons) is de belangrijkste kamer van het Britse parlement dat bestaat uit een tweekamerstelsel. De andere kamer is het Hogerhuis (House of Lords). Het Lagerhuis bestaat uit 650 leden die volgens een enkelvoudig districtenstelsel worden gekozen (een meerderheidsstelsel, waarbij een relatieve meerderheid in een district voldoende is om gekozen te worden). Het Lagerhuis komt bijeen in het Palace of Westminster. De laatste algemene verkiezingen voor het Lagerhuis vonden plaats op 12 december 2019 voor alle 650 zetels. * House of Commons (1851) * (nl) Câmara dos Comuns do Reino Unido (Em Inglês, House of Commons of the United Kingdom) é a câmara baixa do Parlamento do Reino Unido, composta por cerca de 650 membros chamados de Members of Parliament (Em português, Membro do Parlamento), ou seja, o equivalente a deputado, sendo que um deles deve presidir a casa, sendo denominado Speaker (cargo atualmente ocupado por Sir Lindsay Hoyle). (pt) Underhuset (engelska: the Honourable the Commons of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland in Parliament assembled eller endast House of Commons) är den ena kammaren i det brittiska parlamentet, den andra är överhuset (engelska: House of Lords). Underhuset är den primära lagstiftaren i Storbritannien och utser i praktiken den verkställande politiska makten i form av premiärministern, som formellt utses av kungen. Premiärministern måste därefter söka stöd för sin politik i underhuset, som genom en misstroendeomröstning kan tvinga premiärministern att antingen avgå eller utlysa nyval. Det stora flertalet ministerposter besätts av underhusledamöter, och varje premiärminister sedan 1902 har hämtats från underhuset, med undantag för Sir Alec Douglas-Home 1963–1964. (sv) 英國下議院（英語：House of Commons of the United Kingdom），直譯為平民院或庶民院，是英國國會的下議院。英國國會由三大部份組成，它們分別是君主、作為上院的上議院，以及作為下院的下議院，當中又以下議院最具影響力。下議院是一個透過民主選舉產生的機構，目前內有650名成員，稱為國會議員，常用的英文簡寫則是「MP」（Members of Parliament）。下議院議員是經由多數制選出，國會每屆不可長於5年，5年之內就要宣佈解散，而國會解散之時，也就是任期的終結。自1950年來每一位下議院議員都是由一個選區的選民選出，議員當選後，也就在議會代表該選區。現今聯合王國政府的內閣閣臣，絕大部份皆來自下院，而自1902年起，歷任的首相也同樣是下議院議員。惟在1963年的時候，來自上議院的亞歷克·道格拉斯-休姆伯爵獲任命為英國首相，不過，他在任命後不久，即放棄貴族爵位，並成功以亞歷克·道格拉斯-休姆爵士之身份選入下議院。下議院大約在14世紀出現，並且一直延續至今。在歷史上，下議院的權力曾遠遜於上議院，時至今日，下議院在兩院中佔主導地位。現時下議院的立法權力能夠超越上議院，而根據《1911年國會法令》（Parliament Act 1911），上院駁回大部份法案的權力被削減為僅僅拖延法案通過。此外，英國政府亦需要向下議院負責，首相如果失去下議院的支持，就要下野。 (zh)
rdfs:label	House of Commons of the United Kingdom (en) مجلس عموم المملكة المتحدة (ar) Cambra dels Comuns del Regne Unit (ca) Dolní sněmovna Spojeného království (cs) House of Commons (de) Βουλή των Κοινοτήτων του Ηνωμένου Βασιλείου (el) Ĉambro de komunuloj (eo) Cámara de los Comunes del Reino Unido (es) Erresuma Batuko Komunen Ganbera (eu) Tithe na Parlaiminte (An Ríocht Aontaithe) (ga) Dewan Rakyat Britania Raya (in) Camera dei comuni (Regno Unito) (it) Chambre des communes du Royaume-Uni (fr) 영국 하원 (ko) 庶民院 (イギリス) (ja) Izba Gmin (pl) Lagerhuis (Verenigd Koninkrijk) (nl) Палата общин Великобритании (ru) Câmara dos Comuns do Reino Unido (pt) Brittiska underhuset (sv) 英国下议院 (zh) Палата громад Сполученого Королівства (uk)
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