Islands Research Papers - Academia.edu (original) (raw)

To consider small islands as places for sustainable tourism or sustainable anything, for that matter, must surely be cause for critical deliberation. Small islands as sanctuaries, or rare citadels for ecological safekeeping and tight-knit communities, runs counter to islands as sites for extraction and development, yet increasingly the latter prevails. However, the former are the precise reasons that small islands are aligned with the global travel supply chain. Consuming small islands abides with the tropical idyll narrative and, within such invocations, the exposure of small islands to externalities renders its utility to purposes that run counter to benign and constructive outcomes. Herein is the dilemma for small islands and their entanglements with tourism expansion.
See full report here: http://projects.upei.ca/unescochair/files/2020/07/Annual-Report-on-Global-Islands-2019.pdf

- by Joseph M Cheer
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- Tourism Studies, Tourism Marketing, Tourism Management, Pacific Island Studies
- by Dr. Sean Kingsley
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- Archaeology, Maritime Archaeology, Historical Archaeology, Maritime History

Salt domes are geological features that occur when areas of salt deposits are pressured into layers above them, causing dome shaped distortions in horizontal strata. In some instances, the distortions protrude above flat areas of land or else appear underwater as seamounts. In the case of the five Louisiana salt dome hills considered in this article, their distinct elevation above the swampy bayous and flatlands surrounding them has led to their characterisation as islands by indigenous Atakapa-Ishak peoples and by subsequent Francophone and Anglophone settlers. The article considers the ways in which the five salt domes' islandness has been perceived, enhanced and/or undermined by various local inhabitants and/or the commercial operations that have operated on them. Discussion of these aspects involves consideration of the manner in which the salt dome islands' islandness is mutable and complex, particularly with regard to human impacts. This mutability is discussed with regard to both individual island placenames and the islands' overall designations.

- by Philip R Hayward
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- Space and Place, Island Studies, Anthropology of space, Sense of Place
- by Edward Connor and +1
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- Demography, Ecology, Melanesia, Birds
- by Hildigunnur Sverrisdóttir
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- Architecture, Nature-based tourism, Landscape, Rhythmanalysis

Cruise industry is characterised by a continuous development at least the last decade,
as the demand for cruise services increases every year. This development creates new
opportunities for local societies to exploit the benefits that can be produced from
cruise operations. There is no doubt (and this is scientifically proved) that cruise
industry is an important income generator through the passenger’s, crew’s and
company’s spendings. The size of the economic impact depends on whether a port is
port of call or a homeport. There are numerous papers exploring the economic impact
of cruise in local economies but almost all of them are concerning areas which are
tourism-dependent.
The paper explores the importance of the cruise industry’s economic impact
focusing on a small Greek island with peculiar “touristic” characteristics. In particular
examines the case of the Island of Chios which is not a famous touristic destination
(such as the majority of the Greek islands) and which has only recently emerged as a
cruise destination. The aim is to unveil the importance of the cruise’s economic
impact comparing with the structure of the local economy.
The results are used as the base for developing appropriate policies regarding the
potential of cruise as a new and promising activity for the island’s economy.
Moreover the paper proposes strategies: a) for the development of a cruise cluster and
b) for the establishment of Chios Island as a niche market in the Greek cruise scene.

- by George K Vaggelas and +1
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- Cruise Tourism, Economic Impact, Islands

Community structure and assembly are determined in part by environmental heterogeneity. While reef-building corals respond negatively to warming (i.e. bleaching events) and ocean acidification (OA), the extent of present-day natural variability in pH on shallow reefs and ecological consequences for benthic assemblages is unknown. We documented high resolution temporal patterns in temperature and pH from three reefs in the central Pacific and examined how these data relate to community development and net accretion rates of early successional benthic organisms. These reefs experienced substantial diel fluctuations in temperature (0.78uC) and pH (.0.2) similar to the magnitude of ‘warming ’ and ‘acidification’ expected over the next century. Where daily pH within the benthic boundary layer failed to exceed pelagic climatological seasonal lows, net accretion was slower and fleshy, non-calcifying benthic organisms dominated space. Thus, key aspects of

- by Nichole Price
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- Engineering, Physics, Chemistry, Biology

We have investigated the biotechnological potential of Arctic marine bacteria for their ability to produce a broad spectrum of cold-active enzymes. Marine bacteria exhibiting these features are of great interest for both fundamental research and industrial applications. Macrobiota, water and sediment samples have been collected during 2010 and 2011 expeditions around the Lofoten and Svalbard islands. Bacteria were isolated from this material and identified through 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis for the purpose of establishing a culture collection of marine Arctic bacteria. Herein, we present the functional screening for different extracellular enzymatic activities from 100 diversely chosen microbial isolates incubated at 4 and 20 °C. The production of esterase/lipase, DNase, and protease activities were revealed in 67, 53, and 56% of the strains, respectively, while 41, 23, 9, and 7% of the strains possessed amylase, chitinase, cellulase, and xylanase activities, respectively. Our ...

- by Donatella de Pascale
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- Microbiology, Medical Microbiology, Biodiversity, Phylogeny
- by Ricardo Sawaya
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- Conservation Biology, Conservation, Community Ecology, Snakes
- by Ignacio José March Mifsut
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- Islands

This editorial introduction delves into problematic aspects of positionality and publishing ethics related to island and Indigenous issues. Taking its point of departure in Gilley's paper on 'The case for colonialism' and Pöllath's paper 'Revisiting island decolonization', the present paper questions: Whose voices should we listen to when considering island and Indigenous issues? If some voices should be excluded from the debate, how should we determine which voices are excluded? Ultimately, the paper criticizes exclusionary approaches and argues that Island Studies Journal should be open to publishing articles from metropolitan and outsider perspectives as well as from islander and Indigenous perspectives―but that it is necessary for authors and readers to be aware of their own positions within the colonial matrix of power.

- by Adam Grydehoj
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- Indigenous Studies, Publishing, Pacific Island Studies, Island Studies

The links between art events and sustainable development in rural contexts where revitalisation is pressing is becoming increasingly obvious. The village of Mitarai is an example of a small peripheral community in Japan faced with the impacts of depopulation, ageing and socio-economic decline. The urgency to stem further regression has seen art emerge as an antidote for community strengthening. Since 2017, Shiosai, a week-long community art festival has taken place with the underlying aim to rejuvenate the area’s diminishing fortunes. It exhibits artworks paying homage to local islandscapes (Cheer, Cole, Reeves & Kato, 2017) and employs local cultural heritage as key elements. The extent to which bottom-up art events in small rural communities can serve as a vehicle for sustainable development is examined. Findings suggest that the Shiosai drives visitation to the area and has reinvigorated latent cultural heritage. The festival stimulates inward migration and enhances community resilience and vital social capital. However, as the festival is driven from the bottom-up without external support, the extent of future local-level involvement remains a critical success factor. The implications suggest that community engagement is a vital ingredient in the mobilisation of festivals in rural contexts, as well as in ensuring that sustainable development outcomes can be optimised.

- by MENG QU and +1
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- Community Engagement in events, Sustainable Development, Social Capital, Sustainable Tourism

This study quantified the abundance, richness and biomass of insect and spiders on insular grasslands of National Park Archipelago Los Roques (Caribbean Sea - Venezuela), and the changes of these variables due geospatial and vegetation attributes. The grasslands were dominated by Sporobolus virginicus and were measured the geographical coordinates, islands size, size and shape of the grasslands, vegetation
cover, biomass, and the green/dry vegetation relationship. The arthropods were collected with a sweep net sampling, and the animals were identified to family and classified to morph types. The arthropods´ abundance varied between 665 and 5585 ind/1000 sweeps, with a mean of 1682 individuals. The arthropods biomass varied between 262,9 and 3139,6 mg/1000 sweeps, with a mean of 848,2 mg/1000 sweeps. The
total richness was 161 morph types with 142 insects (67 families) and 19 spiders (6 families). The richness
varied between 22 and 62 morph types/1000 sweeps, with 44 morph types average. The dry weight was
proportional with abundance, and it increases lineally between 1500 and 3500 individuals. The animal biomass increased on grasslands due abundance, and not by increasing of the individual size of arthropods. The results of this study, shows coincidences with another studies done on insect communities of continental grasslands. Neither abundance nor arthropods biomass was explained by vegetation characteristics, but richness was explained (56%) by the grasslands position on the archipelago, and these was higher on islands placed at southeast.

- by Lourdes M Suárez-Villasmil and +1
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- Entomology, Ecology, Savanna Ecology, Islands
- by Sébastien Barbara
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- Diomedes, Islands, Heroic Cults
- by M. Irestedt
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- Evolutionary Biology, Genetics, Phylogeography, Phylogeny

Transport networks are vital for the prosperity of countries and local communities as they facilitate passenger and cargo flows. Especially for islands, coastal transport systems are the lifelines for the well being of the islanders. The quality and quantity of links and modes, enhances the attractiveness of the islands as areas to live and develop business. Despite of their importance for the islanders, the perspectives of the latter as regards the performance of coastal transport system(s) as facilitators of the local communities are commonly neglected. The regulatory framework (state), business strategies (market), and passengers’ satisfaction, are all parameters having a direct impact on the performance of a coastal shipping system. Yet, most frequently decision-makers focus on the two former parameters (i.e. the efficient planning, development and operation of a coastal shipping system, or the subsidization of itineraries that are not profitable and thus maintain the status of ...

- by Thomas Vitsounis
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- Islands, Users, Coastal Shipping

[ESP] Durante la época romana una gran población vivía en la isla de Ponza y para satisfacer las necesidades de agua se construyeron varias obras hidráulicas. Entre ellas, destacan algunas cisternas, un acueducto y un dique. Desde el... more

- by Arturo Gallia
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- Island Studies, Islands, Ponza
- by Brian Russell Roberts
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- American Studies, Island Studies, Race and Racism, Race and Ethnicity
- by Armando Marques-Guedes
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- Economic History, Sociology, Cultural Studies, Economic Sociology
- by Alfonso Aguirre Munoz
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- Invasive Species, Wildlife Conservation, Multidisciplinary, Mammals
- by Maria Hadjipolycarpou
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- Postcolonial Studies, Cyprus Studies, Nationalism, Modern Greece

As niche specialist species, lizards from tropical environments are characterized by a low tolerance and high physiological sensitivity to temperature changes. The extent of vulnerability to thermal changes depends on the lizard's physiological plasticity to adjust the environmental changes. Herein we studied the thermal biology of Anolis allisoni, an endemic arboreal lizard from the tropical islands of the Banco Chinchorro Biosphere Reserve, Mexico, carried out during April and May 2012 and April 2014. We report field body (T b) and preferred body temperatures in the laboratory (T pref), operative temperatures (T e) and restriction of hours of activity. Anolis allisoni showed high and identical T b and T pref (33 °C), not significantly different than the mean T e (32.15 °C). The effectiveness of thermoregulation (E ¼ À0.30) and the analysis of hours of restriction suggested that the high temperatures of T e (40–62.5 °C) registered at midday (from 12:00 to 15:00) of A. allisoni habitat are hostile and force lizards to take refuge during a period of 3 h of their daily time of activity. The scarcity of opportunities to find alternative refuges for thermoregulation in Banco Chinchorro point out the vulnerability of A. allisoni and the risk of local extinction when considering future predictions of increase in global environmental temperatures.

- by Pierre Charruau
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- Climate Change, Anolis (Polychrotidae), Islands, Anolis

This book is about one of the most intriguing features of human communication systems: the fact that words that go together in meaning can occur arbitrarily far away from each other. In the sentence This is technology that most people think about, but rarely consider the implications of, the word 'technology' is interpreted as if it were simultaneously next to the words 'about' and 'of'. This kind of long-distance dependency has been the subject of intense linguistic and psycholinguistic research for the last half century, and offers a unique insight into the nature of grammatical structures and their interaction with cognition. The constructions in which these unbounded dependencies arise are remarkably difficult to model and come with a rather puzzling array of constraints that have often defied characterization or proper explanation. This work provides a detailed survey of these constructions and the factors responsible for their creation and comprehension, describes new experimental evidence that sheds light on the nature of the phenomenon, and suggests new avenues for future research. The volume will be of interest to graduate students and researchers in the fields of morphosyntax, psycholinguistics, and cognitive science.
[https://global.oup.com/academic/product/unbounded-dependency-constructions-9780198785002?lang=en&cc=us]

- by Rui P . Chaves
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- Languages and Linguistics, Computational Linguistics, Syntax, Linguistics

Island peoples around the world remain entangled in colonial processes. Western and metropolitan powers are increasingly deploying discourse of a 'China threat' to justify neocolonial entrenchment in the form of greater Western militarisation and economic dominance. In this paper, we investigate how Western and metropolitan powers use the China threat and warnings of economic, environmental, demographic, and military disaster to maintain and deepen colonial influence in former colonies, with special focus on four island states and territories: Guåhan/Guam in Oceania, Kalaallit Nunaat/Greenland in the Arctic, Okinawa in East Asia, and Jamaica in the Caribbean. We undertake this investigation as a means of practicing decolonial political geography, collaborating as a group of scholars from around the world and drawing upon diverse epistemologies and experiences to inform collaborative research and writing. Due to the complexities we have confronted in our efforts to think outside coloniality, this paper foregrounds our decolonial methodology and process, even as we respect our empirical findings.

Early Settlers of the INSULAR CARIBBEAN Early Settlers of the Insular Caribbean: Dearchaizing the Archaic offers a comprehensive coverage of the most recent advances in interdiscipli-nary research on the early human settling of the Caribbean islands. It covers the time span of the so-called Archaic Age and focuses on the Middle to Late Holocene period which-depending on specific case studies discussed in this volume-could range between 6000 BC and AD 1000. A similar approach to the early settlers of the Caribbean islands has never been published in one volume, impeding the realization of a holistic view on indigenous peoples' settling, subsistence, movements, and interactions in this vast and naturally diversified macroregion. Delivered by a panel of international experts, this book provides recent and new data in the fields of archaeology, collection studies, palaeo botany, geomorphology, paleoclimate and bioarchaeology that challenge currently existing perspectives on early human settlement patterns, subsistence strategies, migration routes and mobility and exchange. This publication compiles new approaches to 'old' data and museum collections, presents the results of starch grain analysis, paleo-coring, seascape modelling, and network analysis. Moreover, it features newer published data from the islands such as Margarita and Aruba. All the above-mentioned data compiled in one volume fills the gap in scholarly literature, transforms some of the interpretations in vogue and enables the integration of the first settlers of the insular Caribbean into the larger Pan-American perspective. This book not only provides scholars and students with compelling new and interdisciplinary perspectives on the Early Settlers of the Insular Caribbean. It is also of interest to unspecialized readers as it discusses subjects related to archaeology, anthropology, and-broadly speaking-to the intersections between humanities and social and environmental sciences, which are of great interest to the present-day general public. Sidestone

Catálogo del proyecto de Bill Viola ‘’Liber Insularum’ para la SAC y el MoCA Miami
Textos en español e inglés. 192 p. il. col. 23×17 cm.
Otros autores del volumen: Bonnie Clearwater (Directora del Miami MoCA), Gean Moreno (crítico del Herald), Adriana Herrera (asesora de ArtNexus y ArteAlDía), Teresa Arozena (artista y teórica de la imagen técnica) y Omar-Pascual Castillo (director del CAAM), junto a Roc Laseca, comisario del proyecto de Bill Viola ‘Liber Insularum’ para la SAC de Tenerife y el MoCA (Museum of Contemporary Art) de Miami.

In the capitals and think tanks around the world much debate has taken place on the importance of the Indo-Pacific as a new regional framework. Increasingly, the Indo-Pacific is treated as a fact, not as a geopolitical regional construct. Discussions focus on how to engage with the new region and design strategies. The 2021 AUKUS agreement is a good example of the shifts in thinking that the Indo-Pacific implies. Attention is turned to mini-lateral agreements and traditional military thought. Strategies issued by the UK, France or the EU have a similar emphasis. What does Indo-Pacific thinking imply for small island states such as the Seychelles? On the surface, agreements such as AUKUS and the new regional construction of the Indo-Pacific do not matter much for small island concerns. Yet, as I show in this contribution Seychelles and other small island states in the region need to pay close attention to the developments that Indo-Pacific discourses imply and need to start strategizing how they find their voice in the debate.

- by José A. Delgado Delgado
- •
- Ancient History, Maritime History, Mediterranean Studies, Roman Empire

Se trata de una investigación antropológica que busca comprender las actitudes, conceptos e ideas de los habitantes de estas islas hacia su ecosistema, en específico hacia las especies exóticas invasoras (EEI), así como la conservación del medio ambiente en general, a la luz de sus concepciones más arraigadas sobre la naturaleza. Como expresión de ese estudio, esta publicación es un aporte al conocimiento de la cultura isleña en lo que toca a la biodiversidad, lo cual puede ser de ayuda para la planificación de proyectos sobre conservación y manejo del ecosistema de Juan Fernández, así como para futuras intervenciones en el territorio.

- by Guillermo Brinck
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- Human Geography, Cultural Geography, Environmental Science, Island Studies
- by Pankaj Sekhsaria
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- Indigenous Studies, Indian studies, Indian Ocean History, Indigenous Peoples
- by Paolo Carta
- •
- Law, Anthropology, Political Theory, Postcolonial Studies

In 2007, Jersey’s government launched a competition in search for a further anthem to celebrate the island’s identity. Even though the island uses ‘God Save the Queen’ as its official anthem because of its allegiance to the British Crown, there are increasingly more occasions for the island to have its own anthem, such as at the Island Games or the Commonwealth Games when island athletes compete against other jurisdictions that might also use ‘God Save the Queen’. Two other songs, ‘Ma Normandie’ (‘My Normandy’) and ‘Beautiful Jersey’ (‘Man Bieau P’tit Jèrri’), have sometimes been used at times of celebration, but in recent years there has been increased discussion regarding the place of these songs because neither was originally composed as an official anthem for Jersey. Over the past few decades, Jersey has re-‐thought internal cultural policy towards island identity. This has been part of a process of increased reflection on the island’s heritage as well as its place in the wider world. This article helps show how Jersey is rethinking identity through several spheres: media, political and cultural. By studying the process of finding its own anthem, the politics of local identity construction are highlighted and provide examples that help explain why a unique anthem is needed in the present-‐day, and how the island is represented and has responded through song and discourse as a result of the competition and local cultural politics regarding the winning anthem.

- by Henry Johnson
- •
- Languages, Music, Music History, Music Theory

A collection of writings on the environment and indigenous peoples of the Andaman & Nicobar Islands

- by Pankaj Sekhsaria
- •
- Biodiversity, Indigenous Peoples, Andaman Islands, Sea Turtles
- by Sanja Klempic Bogadi
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- Geriatrics, Gerontology, Migration, Retirement

Tom Neale woonde ruim 15 jaar alleen op het eiland Anchorage van het atol Suwarrow in de Stille Zuidzee. Hierover schreef hij het boek "An Island to oneself" in 1966. Boudewijn Büch liet het boek in het Nederlands vertalen en schreef er... more

- by Peter Nieuwenhuizen
- •
- New Zealand Literature, Book History, Pacific Island Studies, Island Studies

The marine birds, resident and migratories species, of the coast of S„o Paulo State. From August 1997 to December 2003, studies
allowed 20 main islands to be identified along the coast of São Paulo that constitute breeding colonies of six species of resident seabirds (Fregata magnificens, Sula leucogaster, Larus dominicanus, Sterna maxima, S. eurygnatha and S. hirundinacea). In all colonies estimations were made of the effective population size (suggesting a total of 24.000 individuals in Sao Paulo), banding and reprodutive cycle observations. The peak of the breeding season for all the six species begins in autumm and ends in spring. Biological samples were taken for genetic analyses and environmental characterizations were carried
out of the areas used for breeding. It was found that S. maxima is the most endangered species, with a effective population size of only 754 individuals, and in Brazil there are colonies of this species only in the coast of Sao Paulo. The results obtained, besides contributing to the related projects, also allow guidelines that aim for the preservation of
those island and points of rest during migration (Santos-Cubat„o Mangrove, Tanigu·,Iguape and CananÈia) that have been exposed to high levels of human interaction, mainly at The Alcatrazes Archipelago that has the biggest frigate bird colony of south Brazil and it is
a center of endemic terrestrial animals besides being 5 islands considered very important to seabird breeding (ItaÁuce, Apara, Laje da ConceiÁ„o, Queimada Grande and Guararitama).

- by Danielle Paludo
- •
- Seabirds, Islands, Ornitología

Comparing some characteristics of Archaic Greek colonisation and modern colonialism, the paper reads the Odyssean motif of the isle of women, the woman/island pair, and the related erotic imagery as the results of an interaction between historical events and literary imagination. Indeed, besides being commonly found in ancient mythologies, isles of women are generally considered as the mythic precursors of the vision that sees settlement of a new land as the conquest of a woman. Since the binarism and strong sense of a superior centre common to the colonisation of the New World and colonialism do not seem appropriate to Archaic Greece, the peculiarities of the ancient and modern erotic imageries related to the arrival of a seafarer in a new land and the woman/island pair can be understood by considering the differences between modern Western colonialism and the Archaic Greek decentred attitude to place, religion, and ethnicity.

- by Morena Deriu
- •
- Gender Studies, Homer, Island Studies, Greek Colonisation

Prema morfografskim i morfometrijskim analizama koje su rezultat terenskog istraživanja, geomorfološkog kartiranja i kartiranja metodama daljinskih istraživanja, kao i pregledom dosadašnjih istraživanja mogu se navesti sljedeći zaključci: 1. S obzirom na litologiju, na području Općine Kali razvijeni su krški i fluviokrški tip reljefa, kao i antropogeni reljef u užem i širem smislu. 2. Reljef Općine Kali oblikovan je kombiniranim djelovanjem endogenih sila i egzogenih procesa na dodiru Jadranske ploče i Dinarida, odnosno na području kompresivnog bloka što je rezultiralo boranjem, rasjedanjem i navlačenjem odnosno nastankom različitih tipova reljefa. Endogeni i egzogeni procesi djelovali su simultano, s razlikama u utjecaju u pojedinim fazama razvoja (npr. intenzivnije djelovanje neotektonike u pojedinim razdobljima, u izmjeni ili paralelnom djelovanju s fazama u kojima su prevladavali paleoklimatski uvjeti povoljni za jačanje denudacijskih procesa). Djelovanjem egzogenih procesa tijekom geološke prošlosti izmijenjen je izgled reljefa, osobito na zapadnoj uzvisini na kojoj je usječeno nekoliko jaruga. Osim glavnih zaključaka u geomorfološkom smislu, potrebno je istaknuti utjecaj i značenje reljefa za život ljudi. Glavnim razlogom naseljavanja ljudi na istočnoj obali otoka Ugljana u fizičko-geografskom kontekstu može se smatrati reljef. Blago položene padine na dolomitnoj podlozi bile su najpovoljnije za naseljavanje, ali i agrarno korištenje. Za razvoj ribarstva, kao jednog od glavnih čimbenika razvoja Kali, također je bila pogodnija istočna obala jer su se duž nje formirale brojne uvale. Svi ostali, za život i poljoprivredu nepogodniji, dijelovi otoka, također su tijekom stoljeća radom ljudi postali upotrebljivi, što je vidljivo i danas u obliku brojnih suhozida i kućica.

- by Denis Radoš
- •
- Geography, Physical Geography, Geomorphology, Coastal Geomorphology