Canonical hours (original) (raw)
Les hores canòniques són la divisió i organització del temps diari que era vigent durant l'edat mitjana en la major part de la cristiandat i que es caracteritzava per seguir el ritme de les hores de pregària en els monestirs. Cadascuna de les hores indicava un ofici diví o litúrgia de les hores.A diferència de les nostres hores actuals, que tenen un valor absolut, aquestes eren simples divisions que s'associaven a la durada tant del dia com de la nit; no es referien, doncs, a un moment concret del dia, sinó a un període, que era, a més, variable al llarg de l'any: a l'hivern les diürnes eren més curtes que les nocturnes, i a l'hivern a l'inrevés.
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| dbo:abstract | Les hores canòniques són la divisió i organització del temps diari que era vigent durant l'edat mitjana en la major part de la cristiandat i que es caracteritzava per seguir el ritme de les hores de pregària en els monestirs. Cadascuna de les hores indicava un ofici diví o litúrgia de les hores.A diferència de les nostres hores actuals, que tenen un valor absolut, aquestes eren simples divisions que s'associaven a la durada tant del dia com de la nit; no es referien, doncs, a un moment concret del dia, sinó a un període, que era, a més, variable al llarg de l'any: a l'hivern les diürnes eren més curtes que les nocturnes, i a l'hivern a l'inrevés. (ca) Hore (lat. hora „Stunde, Zeit“) ist in der kirchlichen Liturgie die Bezeichnung für einen selbständigen Teil des Stundengebetes. Eine andere Bezeichnung für die Horen ist „Tagzeiten“. Der offizielle Begriff für das Stundengebet ist Divinum officium („göttlicher Dienst“) oder liturgia horarum („Tagzeitenliturgie“), bestehend aus den horae canonicae („kanonische Horen“). Die von einzelnen Liturgiewissenschaftlern vorgeschlagene deutsche Bezeichnung „Horenliturgie“ setzte sich nicht durch. Das römische Stundengebet umfasst nach der Reform durch das Zweite Vatikanische Konzil die folgenden Horen: * Lesehore * Laudes * Terz * Sext (gegen Mittag) * Non * Vesper * Komplet Das Konzil bestimmte: „Da die Heiligung des Tages Ziel des Stundengebetes ist, soll die überlieferte Folge der Gebetsstunden (horae) so neugeordnet werden, dass die Horen so weit wie möglich ihren zeitgerechten Ansatz wiedererhalten. Dabei soll zugleich den heutigen Lebensverhältnissen Rechnung getragen werden, in denen vor allem jene leben, die apostolisch tätig sind.“ Durch das Stundengebet wird der Tag ungefähr in einen 3-Stunden-Rhythmus strukturiert, beginnend am Morgen gegen sechs Uhr. Die erste Hore des Tages wird eröffnet durch das Invitatorium. Die früher nächtliche Matutin wurde zur Lesehore, die zu jeder beliebigen Stunde des Tages gebetet werden kann; sie enthält jetzt weniger Psalmen und mehr Lesungen. Laudes und Vesper (die horae praecipuae) sind die „wichtigsten Horen“ als Morgen- und Abendgebet und „doppelter Angelpunkt des kirchlichen Stundengebets“. Die Prim ist entfallen. Terz, Sext und Non stellen die sogenannten „Kleinen Horen“ dar, von denen für Priester und apostolische Orden nur eine verpflichtend ist, die nach der Tageszeit passend ausgewählt werden soll („Tageshore“ oder „Mittagshore“). Die Komplet ist die Hore zum Tagesabschluss. (de) In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals. A book of hours, chiefly a breviary, normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers. In the Roman Rite of the Catholic Church, canonical hours are also called offices, since they refer to the official set of prayers of the Church, which is known variously as the officium divinum ("divine service" or "divine duty"), and the opus Dei ("work of God"). The current official version of the hours in the Roman Rite is called the Liturgy of the Hours (Latin: liturgia horarum) in North America or divine office in Ireland and Britain. In Lutheranism and Anglicanism, they are often known as the daily office or divine office, to distinguish them from the other 'offices' of the Church (holy communion, baptism, etc.). In the Eastern Orthodox and Byzantine Catholic Churches, the canonical hours may be referred to as the divine services, and the book of hours is called the horologion (Greek: Ὡρολόγιον). Despite numerous small differences in practice according to local custom, the overall order is the same among Byzantine Rite monasteries, although parish and cathedral customs vary rather more so by locale. The usage in Oriental Orthodox Churches, the Assyrian Church of the East, and their Eastern Catholic and Eastern Lutheran counterparts all differ from each other and from other rites. (en) Las horas canónicas son una división del tiempo empleada durante la Edad Media en la mayoría de las regiones cristianas de Europa, y que seguía el ritmo de los rezos religiosos de los monasterios. Cada una de las horas indica una parte del oficio divino (hoy denominado liturgia de las horas), es decir, el conjunto de oraciones pertinente a esa parte del día. (es) Dans le catholicisme, les heures canoniales sont des offices liturgiques qui sont consacrés à la prière (offices de la liturgie des Heures), en plus de la messe quotidienne, au sein des ordres religieux aussi bien que pour le clergé séculier. Elles correspondent à une division du temps où la journée et la nuit sont divisées en quatre parties alors que les heures du monde romain dont elles sont issues se basaient sur une division en douze de la journée de lumière et également en douze de la nuit. Au Moyen Âge, le temps et la vie sociale sont essentiellement rythmés par la sonnerie des cloches dans les clochers qui marquent les différentes heures canoniales. Traditionnellement, la journée comporte sept heures canoniales et la nuit une : * matines ou vigiles : milieu de la nuit (minuit) ; * laudes : à l'aurore ; * prime : première heure du jour ; * tierce : troisième heure du jour ; * sexte : sixième heure du jour ; * none : neuvième heure du jour ; * vêpres : le soir ; * complies : avant/après le coucher. Les heures canoniales sont déterminées par les cadrans canoniaux et, par mauvais temps, par d'autres moyens divers (grands sabliers, clepsydres, chandelles horaires, récitations des prières ou litanies, observation des étoiles...). Différentes réformes liturgiques modifient la répartition de ces heures au long de la journée, ainsi du XIe au XIVe siècle les heures canoniales se sont décalées progressivement vers le matin, none se retrouvant à midi. (fr) Jam kanonis adalah saat-saat ibadat yang telah ditetapkan dalam kerangka ibadat harian. Kebiasaan sembahyang sehari-hari dalam agama Kristen berasal dari praktik mendaraskan doa-doa pada jam-jam tertentu dalam agama Yahudi. Jam-jam tertentu sepanjang satu hari penuh ini disebut zmanim dalam hukum agama Yahudi. Sebagai contoh, dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul, Petrus dan Yohanes diriwayatkan pergi ke Bait Allah untuk menunaikan sembahyang sore. Mazmur 119:164 berbunyi: "Tujuh kali dalam sehari aku memuji-muji Engkau, karena hukum-hukum-Mu yang adil" (Simeon dari Tesalonika mengulas ayat ini sebagai berikut: "Waktu untuk sembahyang dan beribadat itu ada tujuh jumlahnya, sebanyak jumlah karunia Roh Kudus, karena sembahyang-sembahyang suci itu berasal dari Roh Kudus"). Kebiasaan sembahyang semacam ini dipercaya sebagai adat warisan para rasul yang telah dilestarikan selama berabad-abad, meskipun tata cara pelaksanaannya berbeda-beda dari satu tempat ke tempat lain. Seiring dengan menyebarnya gaya hidup zuhud Kristen, praktik sembahyang pada jam-jam tertentu dengan tata cara tertentu ikut berkembang dan akhirnya dibakukan. Sekitar tahun 484, rahib Yunani-Kapadokia, Sabas Yang Dikuduskan, mulai mencatat praktik-praktik peribadatan di sekitar Yerusalem, sementara tata cara peribadatan katedral dan paroki di Konstantinopel secara perlahan-lahan berkembang sendiri. Pada tahun 525, Benediktus dari Nursia menyusun garis-garis besar yang pertama dari pendarasan ayat-ayat Mazmur dalam pelaksanaan ibadat harian. Pada abad ke-9, jam kanonik sudah dibakukan di Gereja Barat, dan sudah terdiri atas delapan waktu sembahyang sehari-hari, yakni laudes, prima, tersia, seksta, nona, vesper, kompletorium, dan sembahyang malam hari yang kadang-kadang disebut vigil. Sembahyang malam ini terbagi lagi menjadi beberapa bagian yang disebut nokturna. (in) Le ore canoniche sono un'antica suddivisione della giornata sviluppata nella Chiesa cattolica per la preghiera in comune, detta anche "Ufficio divino". Questa pratica liturgica deriva dall'uso di recitare preghiere, in modo particolare i salmi del salterio, ad ore prestabilite: ad esempio nel libro degli Atti si riporta che Pietro e Giovanni andavano al tempio per la preghiera pomeridiana. Il salmo 119 dice: Sette volte al giorno ti lodo per la tua giusta legge. La pratica delle ore canoniche è osservata da molte chiese, fra cui la Chiesa cattolica, le Chiese ortodosse e la Comunione anglicana. In particolare nella Chiesa cattolica di rito latino si riferisce anche ad un ordine di preghiere chiamato liturgia delle ore (liturgia horarum), ufficio divino (divinum officium), opus Dei (opera di Dio). Questo ordine di preghiere è contenuto nel "libro delle ore". La suddivisione oraria è approssimativa, variando nell'antichità secondo le stagioni e la latitudine. * A qualsiasi ora del giorno: Ufficio delle letture (tradizionalmente celebrato durante la notte, prima dell'alba: da qui il nome tradizionale di mattutino o "ufficio di vigilia" in diverse comunità religiose; "orthros" nelle Chiese orientali) * All'alba: lodi, in occidente separato dal mattutino; detto anche "preghiera del mattino" * Alle 6.00: Prima (oggi abolita nel rito latino di Paolo VI) * Alle 9.00: Terza * Alle 12.00: Sesta * Alle 15.00: Nona * Al tramonto: Vespri * Prima di coricarsi: Compieta (it) 時課（じか、ギリシア語: ὧραι, ラテン語: Divinum Officium, ロシア語: часы , 英語: hours）とは、キリスト教（正教会・カトリック教会）における特定の奉神礼・典礼を指す用語。 * 狭義 - 「時課」の名を持つ奉事である一時課・三時課・六時課・九時課（1時課・3時課・6時課・9時課） * 広義- 時を定めて行われる日々の祈りの全て 本記事では広義の時課全体について詳述する。 「聖書日課」および「聖務日課」も参照 (ja) 법정 시간경(法定時間經)은 기독교에서 하루를 여러 번 나누어 일정한 간격을 놓고 적절한 시간에 정해진 기도를 바치는 것을 말한다. 특히 로마 가톨릭교회에서는 법정 시간경을 ‘신성한 직무’라는 의미의 단어인 성무일도(聖務日禱)라고 부르는데, 그 이유는 하루의 온 과정이 성화되도록 짜인 기도이기 때문이다. 그러나 이 용어는 법적인 직무를 의미하고, 시간마다 기도를 통해서 성화한다는 의미가 잘 드러나지 않아서 오늘날 라틴 전례를 따르는 로마 가톨릭교회에서는 시간 전례(時間典禮)라는 말을 공식적인 용어로 사용하고 있다. 성공회에서는 성무일과(聖務日課)라는 용어를 사용하고 있다. (ko) Часы́ (греч. ὧραι) — четыре (по числу древних страж) последовательных христианских богослужения, подобранных соответственно к каждой четверти дня, молитвенно освящающих дневное время суток (приблизительно с 6 часов утра до 6 часов вечера). Входят в суточный богослужебный круг (совершаются один раз каждый день). В широком смысле слова часы — общее название для всех служб суточного круга (отсюда «Часослов» — сборник часов), употребляемое, как правило, только в специальной литературе. (ru) As horas canônicas(pt-BR) ou horas canónicas(pt-PT?) (em latim: Divinum Officium) são antigas divisões do tempo desenvolvidas pelo cristianismo, que serviam como diretrizes para as orações a serem feitas durante o dia. Um livro das horas continha uma seleção de orações para cada uma dessas horas canônicas. A versão atual das horas na Igreja Católica de Rito Latino é chamada Liturgia das Horas (Latim: Liturgia horarum). Na Igreja Cristã Ortodoxa e entre os católicos orientais, as horas canônicas podem ser chamadas de Serviço Divino ou Ofício Divino, e o correspondente do livro das horas é chamado horologion. A prática das orações diárias surgiu do costume judaico de recitar orações em horas fixas do dia. Essa prática foi passada para os apóstolos, com diferentes práticas surgindo em diferentes lugares. Quando a vida monástica se espalhou pela Europa, a prática de horas de oração específicas e formatos litúrgicos especiais se tornou padronizada. Já bem estabelecidas no século IX, essas práticas diárias consistiam de oito preces diurnas e três (ou quatro preces noturnas (vigílias). A prática ainda é observada por muitas Igrejas, incluindo a Católica, a Ortodoxa e a Igreja Anglicana. Essas horas canônicas são as Matinas, Prima (hoje, Laudes), Terça, Sexta, Noa, Vésperas e Completas. Terça (9h), Sexta (12h) e Noa (15h) evocam cada uma um acontecimento do Evangelho ou dos Atos dos Apóstolos. (pt) Tidebön är olika religioners system med böner som bes vid särskilda tidpunkter under dagen. Judendomens tradition med speciella bönetider fördes vidare till kristendomen, islam och bahai och utvecklades där på olika sätt. (sv) Часи — у Православ’ї це чотири відносно короткі служби денного циклу, які відбуваються відповідно до певних годин. Ці служби, разом з іншими службами денного циклу, описані в Часослові. Свої назви отримали через обчислення часу в стародавньому Ізраїлі. * 1-й час - початок дня (6:00 ранку). Згадується взяття Христа під варту в Гетсиманському саду, синедріон, страждання, побиття Спасителя фарисейськими слугами, суд у Пилата і несправедливий смертний вирок. * 3-тій час - середина ранку (9:00). Присвячений зішестю Святого Духа на Богородицю і апостолів а також хресному шляху на Голгофу. * 6-й час - полудень (12:00). Присвячений розп’яттю Ісуса Христа. * 9-й час - післяобідній час (15:00). Присвячений смерті Христа. Оскільки пам’яті богослужбових годин з’єднані зі Страстями Христовими, у них не буває співу, тільки читання, яке менш урочисте і скорботніше. Можуть бути частинами інших служб. Зокрема Літургії передосвячених дарів передують 3-ій, 6-ий, 9-ий часи. (uk) |
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| rdfs:comment | Les hores canòniques són la divisió i organització del temps diari que era vigent durant l'edat mitjana en la major part de la cristiandat i que es caracteritzava per seguir el ritme de les hores de pregària en els monestirs. Cadascuna de les hores indicava un ofici diví o litúrgia de les hores.A diferència de les nostres hores actuals, que tenen un valor absolut, aquestes eren simples divisions que s'associaven a la durada tant del dia com de la nit; no es referien, doncs, a un moment concret del dia, sinó a un període, que era, a més, variable al llarg de l'any: a l'hivern les diürnes eren més curtes que les nocturnes, i a l'hivern a l'inrevés. (ca) Las horas canónicas son una división del tiempo empleada durante la Edad Media en la mayoría de las regiones cristianas de Europa, y que seguía el ritmo de los rezos religiosos de los monasterios. Cada una de las horas indica una parte del oficio divino (hoy denominado liturgia de las horas), es decir, el conjunto de oraciones pertinente a esa parte del día. (es) 時課（じか、ギリシア語: ὧραι, ラテン語: Divinum Officium, ロシア語: часы , 英語: hours）とは、キリスト教（正教会・カトリック教会）における特定の奉神礼・典礼を指す用語。 * 狭義 - 「時課」の名を持つ奉事である一時課・三時課・六時課・九時課（1時課・3時課・6時課・9時課） * 広義- 時を定めて行われる日々の祈りの全て 本記事では広義の時課全体について詳述する。 「聖書日課」および「聖務日課」も参照 (ja) 법정 시간경(法定時間經)은 기독교에서 하루를 여러 번 나누어 일정한 간격을 놓고 적절한 시간에 정해진 기도를 바치는 것을 말한다. 특히 로마 가톨릭교회에서는 법정 시간경을 ‘신성한 직무’라는 의미의 단어인 성무일도(聖務日禱)라고 부르는데, 그 이유는 하루의 온 과정이 성화되도록 짜인 기도이기 때문이다. 그러나 이 용어는 법적인 직무를 의미하고, 시간마다 기도를 통해서 성화한다는 의미가 잘 드러나지 않아서 오늘날 라틴 전례를 따르는 로마 가톨릭교회에서는 시간 전례(時間典禮)라는 말을 공식적인 용어로 사용하고 있다. 성공회에서는 성무일과(聖務日課)라는 용어를 사용하고 있다. (ko) Часы́ (греч. ὧραι) — четыре (по числу древних страж) последовательных христианских богослужения, подобранных соответственно к каждой четверти дня, молитвенно освящающих дневное время суток (приблизительно с 6 часов утра до 6 часов вечера). Входят в суточный богослужебный круг (совершаются один раз каждый день). В широком смысле слова часы — общее название для всех служб суточного круга (отсюда «Часослов» — сборник часов), употребляемое, как правило, только в специальной литературе. (ru) Tidebön är olika religioners system med böner som bes vid särskilda tidpunkter under dagen. Judendomens tradition med speciella bönetider fördes vidare till kristendomen, islam och bahai och utvecklades där på olika sätt. (sv) Hore (lat. hora „Stunde, Zeit“) ist in der kirchlichen Liturgie die Bezeichnung für einen selbständigen Teil des Stundengebetes. Eine andere Bezeichnung für die Horen ist „Tagzeiten“. Der offizielle Begriff für das Stundengebet ist Divinum officium („göttlicher Dienst“) oder liturgia horarum („Tagzeitenliturgie“), bestehend aus den horae canonicae („kanonische Horen“). Die von einzelnen Liturgiewissenschaftlern vorgeschlagene deutsche Bezeichnung „Horenliturgie“ setzte sich nicht durch. Das römische Stundengebet umfasst nach der Reform durch das Zweite Vatikanische Konzil die folgenden Horen: (de) In the practice of Christianity, canonical hours mark the divisions of the day in terms of fixed times of prayer at regular intervals. A book of hours, chiefly a breviary, normally contains a version of, or selection from, such prayers. In Lutheranism and Anglicanism, they are often known as the daily office or divine office, to distinguish them from the other 'offices' of the Church (holy communion, baptism, etc.). (en) Dans le catholicisme, les heures canoniales sont des offices liturgiques qui sont consacrés à la prière (offices de la liturgie des Heures), en plus de la messe quotidienne, au sein des ordres religieux aussi bien que pour le clergé séculier. Elles correspondent à une division du temps où la journée et la nuit sont divisées en quatre parties alors que les heures du monde romain dont elles sont issues se basaient sur une division en douze de la journée de lumière et également en douze de la nuit. Au Moyen Âge, le temps et la vie sociale sont essentiellement rythmés par la sonnerie des cloches dans les clochers qui marquent les différentes heures canoniales. (fr) Jam kanonis adalah saat-saat ibadat yang telah ditetapkan dalam kerangka ibadat harian. Kebiasaan sembahyang sehari-hari dalam agama Kristen berasal dari praktik mendaraskan doa-doa pada jam-jam tertentu dalam agama Yahudi. Jam-jam tertentu sepanjang satu hari penuh ini disebut zmanim dalam hukum agama Yahudi. Sebagai contoh, dalam kitab Kisah Para Rasul, Petrus dan Yohanes diriwayatkan pergi ke Bait Allah untuk menunaikan sembahyang sore. Mazmur 119:164 berbunyi: "Tujuh kali dalam sehari aku memuji-muji Engkau, karena hukum-hukum-Mu yang adil" (Simeon dari Tesalonika mengulas ayat ini sebagai berikut: "Waktu untuk sembahyang dan beribadat itu ada tujuh jumlahnya, sebanyak jumlah karunia Roh Kudus, karena sembahyang-sembahyang suci itu berasal dari Roh Kudus"). (in) Le ore canoniche sono un'antica suddivisione della giornata sviluppata nella Chiesa cattolica per la preghiera in comune, detta anche "Ufficio divino". Questa pratica liturgica deriva dall'uso di recitare preghiere, in modo particolare i salmi del salterio, ad ore prestabilite: ad esempio nel libro degli Atti si riporta che Pietro e Giovanni andavano al tempio per la preghiera pomeridiana. Il salmo 119 dice: Sette volte al giorno ti lodo per la tua giusta legge. (it) As horas canônicas(pt-BR) ou horas canónicas(pt-PT?) (em latim: Divinum Officium) são antigas divisões do tempo desenvolvidas pelo cristianismo, que serviam como diretrizes para as orações a serem feitas durante o dia. Um livro das horas continha uma seleção de orações para cada uma dessas horas canônicas. A versão atual das horas na Igreja Católica de Rito Latino é chamada Liturgia das Horas (Latim: Liturgia horarum). Na Igreja Cristã Ortodoxa e entre os católicos orientais, as horas canônicas podem ser chamadas de Serviço Divino ou Ofício Divino, e o correspondente do livro das horas é chamado horologion. (pt) Часи — у Православ’ї це чотири відносно короткі служби денного циклу, які відбуваються відповідно до певних годин. Ці служби, разом з іншими службами денного циклу, описані в Часослові. Свої назви отримали через обчислення часу в стародавньому Ізраїлі. Оскільки пам’яті богослужбових годин з’єднані зі Страстями Христовими, у них не буває співу, тільки читання, яке менш урочисте і скорботніше. Можуть бути частинами інших служб. Зокрема Літургії передосвячених дарів передують 3-ій, 6-ий, 9-ий часи. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | Canonical hours (en) Hores canòniques (ca) Hore (Liturgie) (de) Horas canónicas (es) Jam kanonis (in) Heures canoniales (fr) Ore canoniche (it) 법정 시간경 (ko) 時課 (ja) Horas canônicas (pt) Часы (церковная служба) (ru) Tidebön (sv) Часи (uk) |
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