Arthur Cayley (original) (raw)
Arthur Cayley fou un matemàtic britànic. Va ajudar a fundar l'escola britànica moderna de la matemàtica pura. De nen, Cayley gaudia a l'hora de resoldre problemes matemàtics complexos durant l'esbarjo. Va entrar al Trinity College de Cambridge, on va destacar en grec, francès, alemany i italià, així com les matemàtiques. Va treballar com a advocat durant 14 anys.Va provar el Teorema de Cayley-Hamilton, que cada matriu quadrada és l'arrel del seu polinomi característic. Va ser el primer a definir de forma moderna el concepte de grup com un conjunt amb una operació binària que compleix certes lleis. Anteriorment, els matemàtics parlaven de «grups», però aquests es referien als grups de permutacions.
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| dbo:abstract | Arthur Cayley fou un matemàtic britànic. Va ajudar a fundar l'escola britànica moderna de la matemàtica pura. De nen, Cayley gaudia a l'hora de resoldre problemes matemàtics complexos durant l'esbarjo. Va entrar al Trinity College de Cambridge, on va destacar en grec, francès, alemany i italià, així com les matemàtiques. Va treballar com a advocat durant 14 anys.Va provar el Teorema de Cayley-Hamilton, que cada matriu quadrada és l'arrel del seu polinomi característic. Va ser el primer a definir de forma moderna el concepte de grup com un conjunt amb una operació binària que compleix certes lleis. Anteriorment, els matemàtics parlaven de «grups», però aquests es referien als grups de permutacions. (ca) Arthur Cayley (16. srpna 1821, Richmond, Surrey, Velká Británie – 26. ledna 1895, Cambridge) byl britský matematik, spoluzakladatel moderní britské školy čisté matematiky. Pracoval 14 let jako právník. V matematice se věnoval teorii matic a byl první, kdo podal moderní definici grupy. (cs) آرثر كيلي (بالإنجليزية: Arthur Cayley) هو عالم رياضيات بريطاني. عمل محاميا أربعة عشر سنة. (ar) Arthur Cayley (* 16. August 1821 in Richmond upon Thames, Surrey; † 26. Januar 1895 in Cambridge) war ein englischer Mathematiker. Er befasste sich mit sehr vielen Gebieten der Mathematik von der Analysis, Algebra, Geometrie bis zur Astronomie und Mechanik, ist aber vor allem für seine Rolle bei der Einführung des abstrakten Gruppenkonzepts bekannt. (de) Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a prolific British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics. As a child, Cayley enjoyed solving complex maths problems for amusement. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he excelled in Greek, French, German, and Italian, as well as mathematics. He worked as a lawyer for 14 years. He postulated the Cayley–Hamilton theorem—that every square matrix is a root of its own characteristic polynomial, and verified it for matrices of order 2 and 3. He was the first to define the concept of a group in the modern way—as a set with a binary operation satisfying certain laws. Formerly, when mathematicians spoke of "groups", they had meant permutation groups. Cayley tables and Cayley graphs as well as Cayley's theorem are named in honour of Cayley. (en) Arthur CAYLEY (16-a de aŭgusto 1821 – 26-a de januaro 1895) estis brita matematikisto. Lia patro estis brita komercisto en Sankt-Peterburgo. Li naskiĝis dum familia vizito al Britio. En sia infaneco li ĝuis matematikajn problemojn. Post studoj ĉe la universitato de Kembriĝo, li iĝis solicitoro (speco de juristo), ĉar mankis oportuno vivteni sin per la matematiko. Tamen li eldonis multe pri la fako. Fine en 1863 oni elektis lin profesoro de matematiko ĉe la Kembriĝa Universitato. Liaj fakaj esploroj rilatis al preskaŭ ĉiu branĉo de pura matematiko, ekz. mult-dimensia kaj ne-Eŭklida geometrio, matrica algebro. Al li multe ŝuldas la moderna matematiko. Li estis frua kampanjanto por la akcepto de inoj al anglaj universitatoj. Lia frato estis la lingvistiko Charles Bagot Cayley. (eo) Arthur Cayley (Richmond, Reino Unido, 16 de agosto de 1821 - Cambridge, 26 de enero de 1895) fue un matemático británico. Es uno de los fundadores de la escuela británica moderna de matemáticas puras. (es) Arthur Cayley (Richmond, Erresuma Batua, 1821ko abuztuaren 16a - Cambridge, 1895eko urtarrilaren 26a) matematikari Britainiarra. Erresuma Batuko matematika hutsaren eskola berriaren sortzailetariko bat izan zen. Matematikagatik zuen lehentasunez gain, eleberrien irakurle amorratua ere bazen, pintatzea gogoko zuen, botanikaren eta orokorrean izadiaren zale amorratua zen, eta mendigoizalea. Arthur Cayleyk talde kontzeptua asmatu zuen, eta determinanteen teoria ere formulatu zuen. Horrez gain, matrize kontzeptua azaltzea eta horren oinarrizko propietateak zehaztea lortu zuen. 1859an jaso zuen eta 1882an Copley Domina. Historiaren hirugarren matematikaririk emankorrena da, Eulerrek eta Cauchyk baino ez gainditua, matematikaren arlo askotan ekarpenak egin zituen. Cayleyk "Collecterd Mathematica Papers of Cayley" bilduma idatzi zuen, zeinek 966 artikulu hamahiru liburuki handitan dituena. (eu) Arthur Cayley (16 août 1821 - 26 janvier 1895) est un mathématicien britannique. Il fait partie des fondateurs de l'école britannique moderne de mathématiques pures. (fr) Matamaiticeoir a rugadh i Richmond, Shasana ab ea Arthur Cayley (16 Lúnasa 1821 – 26 Eanáir 1895). Bhunaigh sé matamaitic na neamhathraitheach is na gcomhathraitheach. Shaothraigh sé teoiric na maitrísí, geoiméadracht anailíseach is réalteolaíocht theoiriciúil. (ga) Arthur Cayley (16 Agustus 1821 - 26 Januari 1895) merupakan seorang ahli matematika berkebangsaan Inggris. Dia merupakan orang pertama yang menemukan rumus matriks. Pada usia 17 tahun, dia tinggal di Trinity College, Cambridge. Cayley berhasil menemukan berbagai macam rumus senyawa kimia. Dia berhasil menemukan . Dia wafat pada tahun 1895. (in) アーサー・ケイリー（英: Arthur Cayley、IPA: [ˈɑː(ɹ)θə(ɹ) ˈkeɪli]、1821年8月16日 - 1895年1月26日）は、イギリスの数学者、弁護士。行列に関するケイリー・ハミルトンの定理で有名。 (ja) 아서 케일리(영어: Arthur Cayley IPA: [ˈɑː(ɹ)θə(ɹ) ˈkeɪli] FRS, 1821년 8월 16일 ~ 1895년 1월 26일)는 영국의 법률가이자 수학자이다. 대학 졸업 후 25세에 14년 동안 법률가로서 활동하였다. 그 후 40대 이후에 드디어 본격적으로 전문수학자로서 활동하기 시작했다. 상대성 이론에서 4차원의 개념을 뚜렷하게 만들고, 기하 공간이 점과 선으로만 이루어진다고 한정하는 것을 벗어나게 했다. 또 행렬의 대수를 발전시켰고, 기하학에서도 많은 업적을 쌓았다. 1884년에 드 모르간 메달을 수상했다. 윌리엄 로언 해밀턴의 제자로서 해밀턴과 함께 케일리-해밀턴 정리를 발견하고, 해밀턴의 사원수를 발전시켜서 팔원수를 고안하기도 했다. 윌리엄 로언 해밀턴의 친구인 아일랜드의 수학자 존 토머스 그레이브스(영어: John Thomas Graves, 1806~1870)는 사원수를 확장하려는 시도 끝에 데겐의 여덟 제곱수 항등식을 재발견하였고, 이를 기반으로 한 팔원수를 고안하였다. 그러나 아서 케일리는 1845년에 이와는 독립적으로 팔원수를 발견하여 발표하였다. 아서 케일리의 팔원수는 사원수 대수에 케일리-딕슨 구성을 가하여 얻어진다. 제임스 조지프 실베스터와는 친구로, 실베스터가 런던을 방문할때면, 함께 Lincoln's Inn, London(런던법학원,영국법조원 비영리협회)에서 자주 거닐며, 불변식론을 논의하곤 했다. 다비트 힐베르트가 힐베르트의 불변식론을 전개할 때 케일리의 오메가 프로세스를 사용하였다. (ko) Arthur Cayley (Richmond upon Thames, 16 augustus 1821 – Cambridge, 26 januari 1895) was eenBritse wiskundige. Hij stond mede aan de wieg van de moderne Britse school van de zuivere wiskunde. Als kind reeds hield Cayley ervan moeilijke wiskundige problemen op te lossen voor zijn plezier. Hij begon zijn universitaire studie op achttienjarige leeftijd op Trinity College, Cambridge, waar hij uitblonk in Grieks, Frans, Duits en Italiaans, alsook in wiskunde. (nl) Arthur Cayley (Richmond upon Thames, 16 agosto 1821 – Cambridge, 26 gennaio 1895) è stato un matematico inglese, che diede un forte contributo alla crescita della matematica pura nel mondo anglosassone. (it) Arthur Cayley (ur. 16 sierpnia 1821 w Richmond (hrab. Surrey), zm. 26 stycznia 1895 w Cambridge) – angielski matematyk i prawnik. Laureat Medalu Copleya (1882). (pl) Arthur Cayley, född 16 augusti 1821, död 26 januari 1895, var en brittisk matematiker som främst verkade inom algebra. Han arbetade bland annat med att systematisera matrisräkning. Cayley var ursprungligen advokat men övergick senare till studiet av matematik och blev 1863 professor i matematik i Cambridge. Redan 1845 började han publicera sina arbeten över invarianter, och han ses som den algebraiska invariantteorins egentlige grundläggare. Tillämpningar av denna teori har gjorts av Cayley och andra inom geometrin för studier av de högra algebraiska kurvorna. Ett av Cayley angivet sätt att definiera avstånd har spelat stor roll i den icke-euklideiska geometrin. Han har fått bland annat Cayleys sats och Cayley-Hamiltons sats uppkallade efter sig. (sv) Arthur Cayley foi um matemático britânico. Foi Professor Sadleiriano de Matemática Pura, Universidade de Cambridge, de 1863 a 1895. As suas contribuições incluem a multiplicação de matrizes e o teorema de Cayley. Quando criança, Cayley resolvia complexos problemas de matemática por diversão. Entrou no Trinity College, Cambridge, quando se destacou em grego, francês, alemão e italiano; tão bem quanto em matemática. Trabalhou como advogado por quatorze anos. Ajudou a desenvolver o Teorema de Cayley-Hamilton. Foi o primeiro a definir o conceito de conjunto de forma moderna. (pt) А́ртур Кэ́ли (или Кейли, устар. Кэйлей; англ. Arthur Cayley; 16 августа 1821, Ричмонд — 26 января 1895, Кембридж) — английский математик, профессор Кембриджского университета. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1852), член-корреспондент Петербургской академии наук (1870), иностранный член Парижской академии наук, Королевской академии наук и искусств Нидерландов (1893) и ряда других академий. Президент Лондонского математического общества (1868–1870). Лауреат медали Копли (1862) и медали де Моргана (1884). Труды (более 700 статей и книг) в основном по линейной алгебре, в которую он внёс существенный вклад, а также по общей алгебре и теории инвариантов. Заложил основы теории матриц и современной алгебраической геометрии. (ru) А́ртур Ке́йлі (англ. Arthur Cayley; 16 серпня 1821, Річмонд — 26 січня 1895) — англійський математик. (uk) 阿瑟·凱萊（英語：Arthur Cayley，英語發音[ˈɑːθə ˈkeɪli]，1821年8月16日－1895年1月26日），英國數學家。 (zh) |
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| rdfs:comment | Arthur Cayley fou un matemàtic britànic. Va ajudar a fundar l'escola britànica moderna de la matemàtica pura. De nen, Cayley gaudia a l'hora de resoldre problemes matemàtics complexos durant l'esbarjo. Va entrar al Trinity College de Cambridge, on va destacar en grec, francès, alemany i italià, així com les matemàtiques. Va treballar com a advocat durant 14 anys.Va provar el Teorema de Cayley-Hamilton, que cada matriu quadrada és l'arrel del seu polinomi característic. Va ser el primer a definir de forma moderna el concepte de grup com un conjunt amb una operació binària que compleix certes lleis. Anteriorment, els matemàtics parlaven de «grups», però aquests es referien als grups de permutacions. (ca) Arthur Cayley (16. srpna 1821, Richmond, Surrey, Velká Británie – 26. ledna 1895, Cambridge) byl britský matematik, spoluzakladatel moderní britské školy čisté matematiky. Pracoval 14 let jako právník. V matematice se věnoval teorii matic a byl první, kdo podal moderní definici grupy. (cs) آرثر كيلي (بالإنجليزية: Arthur Cayley) هو عالم رياضيات بريطاني. عمل محاميا أربعة عشر سنة. (ar) Arthur Cayley (* 16. August 1821 in Richmond upon Thames, Surrey; † 26. Januar 1895 in Cambridge) war ein englischer Mathematiker. Er befasste sich mit sehr vielen Gebieten der Mathematik von der Analysis, Algebra, Geometrie bis zur Astronomie und Mechanik, ist aber vor allem für seine Rolle bei der Einführung des abstrakten Gruppenkonzepts bekannt. (de) Arthur Cayley (Richmond, Reino Unido, 16 de agosto de 1821 - Cambridge, 26 de enero de 1895) fue un matemático británico. Es uno de los fundadores de la escuela británica moderna de matemáticas puras. (es) Arthur Cayley (16 août 1821 - 26 janvier 1895) est un mathématicien britannique. Il fait partie des fondateurs de l'école britannique moderne de mathématiques pures. (fr) Matamaiticeoir a rugadh i Richmond, Shasana ab ea Arthur Cayley (16 Lúnasa 1821 – 26 Eanáir 1895). Bhunaigh sé matamaitic na neamhathraitheach is na gcomhathraitheach. Shaothraigh sé teoiric na maitrísí, geoiméadracht anailíseach is réalteolaíocht theoiriciúil. (ga) Arthur Cayley (16 Agustus 1821 - 26 Januari 1895) merupakan seorang ahli matematika berkebangsaan Inggris. Dia merupakan orang pertama yang menemukan rumus matriks. Pada usia 17 tahun, dia tinggal di Trinity College, Cambridge. Cayley berhasil menemukan berbagai macam rumus senyawa kimia. Dia berhasil menemukan . Dia wafat pada tahun 1895. (in) アーサー・ケイリー（英: Arthur Cayley、IPA: [ˈɑː(ɹ)θə(ɹ) ˈkeɪli]、1821年8月16日 - 1895年1月26日）は、イギリスの数学者、弁護士。行列に関するケイリー・ハミルトンの定理で有名。 (ja) Arthur Cayley (Richmond upon Thames, 16 augustus 1821 – Cambridge, 26 januari 1895) was eenBritse wiskundige. Hij stond mede aan de wieg van de moderne Britse school van de zuivere wiskunde. Als kind reeds hield Cayley ervan moeilijke wiskundige problemen op te lossen voor zijn plezier. Hij begon zijn universitaire studie op achttienjarige leeftijd op Trinity College, Cambridge, waar hij uitblonk in Grieks, Frans, Duits en Italiaans, alsook in wiskunde. (nl) Arthur Cayley (Richmond upon Thames, 16 agosto 1821 – Cambridge, 26 gennaio 1895) è stato un matematico inglese, che diede un forte contributo alla crescita della matematica pura nel mondo anglosassone. (it) Arthur Cayley (ur. 16 sierpnia 1821 w Richmond (hrab. Surrey), zm. 26 stycznia 1895 w Cambridge) – angielski matematyk i prawnik. Laureat Medalu Copleya (1882). (pl) Arthur Cayley, född 16 augusti 1821, död 26 januari 1895, var en brittisk matematiker som främst verkade inom algebra. Han arbetade bland annat med att systematisera matrisräkning. Cayley var ursprungligen advokat men övergick senare till studiet av matematik och blev 1863 professor i matematik i Cambridge. Redan 1845 började han publicera sina arbeten över invarianter, och han ses som den algebraiska invariantteorins egentlige grundläggare. Tillämpningar av denna teori har gjorts av Cayley och andra inom geometrin för studier av de högra algebraiska kurvorna. Ett av Cayley angivet sätt att definiera avstånd har spelat stor roll i den icke-euklideiska geometrin. Han har fått bland annat Cayleys sats och Cayley-Hamiltons sats uppkallade efter sig. (sv) А́ртур Ке́йлі (англ. Arthur Cayley; 16 серпня 1821, Річмонд — 26 січня 1895) — англійський математик. (uk) 阿瑟·凱萊（英語：Arthur Cayley，英語發音[ˈɑːθə ˈkeɪli]，1821年8月16日－1895年1月26日），英國數學家。 (zh) Arthur Cayley FRS (/ˈkeɪli/; 16 August 1821 – 26 January 1895) was a prolific British mathematician who worked mostly on algebra. He helped found the modern British school of pure mathematics. As a child, Cayley enjoyed solving complex maths problems for amusement. He entered Trinity College, Cambridge, where he excelled in Greek, French, German, and Italian, as well as mathematics. He worked as a lawyer for 14 years. (en) Arthur CAYLEY (16-a de aŭgusto 1821 – 26-a de januaro 1895) estis brita matematikisto. Lia patro estis brita komercisto en Sankt-Peterburgo. Li naskiĝis dum familia vizito al Britio. En sia infaneco li ĝuis matematikajn problemojn. Post studoj ĉe la universitato de Kembriĝo, li iĝis solicitoro (speco de juristo), ĉar mankis oportuno vivteni sin per la matematiko. Tamen li eldonis multe pri la fako. Fine en 1863 oni elektis lin profesoro de matematiko ĉe la Kembriĝa Universitato. (eo) Arthur Cayley (Richmond, Erresuma Batua, 1821ko abuztuaren 16a - Cambridge, 1895eko urtarrilaren 26a) matematikari Britainiarra. Erresuma Batuko matematika hutsaren eskola berriaren sortzailetariko bat izan zen. Matematikagatik zuen lehentasunez gain, eleberrien irakurle amorratua ere bazen, pintatzea gogoko zuen, botanikaren eta orokorrean izadiaren zale amorratua zen, eta mendigoizalea. Arthur Cayleyk talde kontzeptua asmatu zuen, eta determinanteen teoria ere formulatu zuen. Horrez gain, matrize kontzeptua azaltzea eta horren oinarrizko propietateak zehaztea lortu zuen. (eu) 아서 케일리(영어: Arthur Cayley IPA: [ˈɑː(ɹ)θə(ɹ) ˈkeɪli] FRS, 1821년 8월 16일 ~ 1895년 1월 26일)는 영국의 법률가이자 수학자이다. 대학 졸업 후 25세에 14년 동안 법률가로서 활동하였다. 그 후 40대 이후에 드디어 본격적으로 전문수학자로서 활동하기 시작했다. 상대성 이론에서 4차원의 개념을 뚜렷하게 만들고, 기하 공간이 점과 선으로만 이루어진다고 한정하는 것을 벗어나게 했다. 또 행렬의 대수를 발전시켰고, 기하학에서도 많은 업적을 쌓았다. 1884년에 드 모르간 메달을 수상했다. 윌리엄 로언 해밀턴의 제자로서 해밀턴과 함께 케일리-해밀턴 정리를 발견하고, 해밀턴의 사원수를 발전시켜서 팔원수를 고안하기도 했다. 윌리엄 로언 해밀턴의 친구인 아일랜드의 수학자 존 토머스 그레이브스(영어: John Thomas Graves, 1806~1870)는 사원수를 확장하려는 시도 끝에 데겐의 여덟 제곱수 항등식을 재발견하였고, 이를 기반으로 한 팔원수를 고안하였다. 그러나 아서 케일리는 1845년에 이와는 독립적으로 팔원수를 발견하여 발표하였다. 아서 케일리의 팔원수는 사원수 대수에 케일리-딕슨 구성을 가하여 얻어진다. (ko) Arthur Cayley foi um matemático britânico. Foi Professor Sadleiriano de Matemática Pura, Universidade de Cambridge, de 1863 a 1895. As suas contribuições incluem a multiplicação de matrizes e o teorema de Cayley. Quando criança, Cayley resolvia complexos problemas de matemática por diversão. Entrou no Trinity College, Cambridge, quando se destacou em grego, francês, alemão e italiano; tão bem quanto em matemática. Trabalhou como advogado por quatorze anos. (pt) А́ртур Кэ́ли (или Кейли, устар. Кэйлей; англ. Arthur Cayley; 16 августа 1821, Ричмонд — 26 января 1895, Кембридж) — английский математик, профессор Кембриджского университета. Член Лондонского королевского общества (1852), член-корреспондент Петербургской академии наук (1870), иностранный член Парижской академии наук, Королевской академии наук и искусств Нидерландов (1893) и ряда других академий. Президент Лондонского математического общества (1868–1870). Лауреат медали Копли (1862) и медали де Моргана (1884). (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Arthur Cayley (en) آرثر كيلي (ar) Arthur Cayley (ca) Arthur Cayley (cs) Arthur Cayley (de) Arthur Cayley (eo) Arthur Cayley (es) Arthur Cayley (eu) Arthur Cayley (fr) Arthur Cayley (ga) Arthur Cayley (in) Arthur Cayley (it) アーサー・ケイリー (ja) 아서 케일리 (ko) Arthur Cayley (nl) Arthur Cayley (pl) Arthur Cayley (pt) Arthur Cayley (sv) Кэли, Артур (ru) 阿瑟·凱萊 (zh) Артур Кейлі (uk) |
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