Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish (original) (raw)
Il portoghese e lo spagnolo sono due lingue strettamente imparentate, a tal punto da godere l'uno nei confronti dell'altro di un alto tasso di mutua intelligibilità, ma anche divise da profonde differenze, tali da mettere in difficoltà il parlante di una delle due che intenda imparare l'altra. Entrambe fanno parte del gruppo di lingue neolatine detto lingue ibero-romanze, che include inoltre un insieme di dialetti con pochi parlanti che per ragioni storiche e culturali sono considerati lingue separate, ma che si sono altamente comprensibili l'uno all'altro.
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| dbo:abstract | Portuguese and Spanish, although closely related Romance languages, differ in many aspects of their phonology, grammar and lexicon. Both belong to a subset of the Romance languages known as West Iberian Romance, which also includes several other languages or dialects with fewer speakers, all of which are mutually intelligible to some degree. A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): In the case of Spanish it was 20%, the third closest Romance language to Latin, only behind Sardinian (8% distance) and Italian (12% distance). Portuguese was 31%, making it the second furthest language from Latin after French (44% distance). The most obvious differences are in pronunciation. Mutual intelligibility is greater between the written languages than between the spoken forms. Compare, for example, the following sentences—roughly equivalent to the English proverb "A word to the wise is sufficient," or, a more literal translation, "To a good listener, a few words are enough.": Al buen entendedor pocas palabras bastan (Spanish pronunciation: [al ˈβwen entendeˈðoɾ ˈpokas paˈlaβɾaz ˈβastan])Ao bom entendedor poucas palavras bastam (European Portuguese: [aw ˈβõ ẽtẽdɨˈðoɾ ˈpo(w)kɐʃ pɐˈlavɾɐʃ ˈβaʃtɐ̃w̃], Brazilian Portuguese: [aw ˈbõ ĩtẽdeˈdo(r) ˈpo(w)kɐs paˈlavɾɐz ˈbastɐ̃w]). Some Brazilian dialects, however, including some found in the Brazilian Amazon, sustain more similarities with the European pronunciation than with that of the southern Brazilian region. There are also some significant differences between Brazilian Portuguese and European Portuguese as there are between British and American English or Peninsular and Latin American Spanish. This article notes these differences below only where: * both Brazilian and European Portuguese differ not only from each other, but from Spanish as well; * both Peninsular (i.e. European) and Latin American Spanish differ not only from each other, but also from Portuguese; or * either Brazilian or European Portuguese differs from Spanish with syntax not possible in Spanish (while the other dialect does not). (en) Obwohl Portugiesisch und Spanisch eng verwandt sind – bis zu einem gewissen Grad gegenseitiger Verständlichkeit –, gibt es auch entscheidende Unterschiede, die für Personen, welche eine der beiden Sprachen beherrschen und die andere lernen wollen, Schwierigkeiten darstellen können. Beide sind Teil einer größeren, als westiberische Sprachen bekannten Gruppe, der noch andere Sprachen oder Dialekte mit weniger Sprechern angehören, wobei alle zu einem gewissen Grad gegenseitig verständlich sind. Die deutlichsten Unterschiede liegen in der Aussprache. Die geschriebenen Sprachen sind oft signifikant gegenseitig verständlicher als die gesprochenen. Zum Vergleich folgender Satz: A buen entendedor pocas palabras bastan (Spanisch [a ˈβwen entendeˈðor ˈpokas paˈlaβɾas ˈbastan]) und Para bom entendedor, poucas palavras bastam (brasilianisches Portugiesisch [p(a)ɾɐ ˈbõw ĩtẽdeˈdoʁ ˈpoːkɐs pɐˈlavɾɐz ˈbastɐ̃w], europäisches Portugiesisch [p(ə)ɾə ˈβõ ẽtẽdɨˈðoɾ ˈpo(w)kəʃ pəˈlavɾəʒ ˈβaʃtə̃w]), deutsch etwa „Dem Weisen genügt ein Wort.“ Es gibt einige auffällige Verschiedenheiten zwischen brasilianischem und europäischem Portugiesisch, ebenso wie es sie zwischen britischem und amerikanischem Englisch oder europäischem und lateinamerikanischem Spanisch gibt. Im Artikel besonders erwähnt werden diese Unterschiede nur, wenn: * brasilianisches und europäisches Portugiesisch nicht bloß untereinander, sondern auch von Spanisch verschieden sind; * sowohl europäisches als auch lateinamerikanisches Spanisch sich nicht nur untereinander, sondern auch vom Portugiesischen unterscheiden; oder * entweder brasilianisches oder europäisches Portugiesisch sich vom Spanischen in der Syntax unvereinbar unterscheidet (während der jeweils andere Dialekt dies nicht tut). (de) Bien qu'ils soient étroitement liés, jusqu'à un degré relatif d'intelligibilité mutuelle, il existe d'importantes différences entre l'espagnol et le portugais, qui peuvent être sources de difficultés pour les locuteurs d'une de ces deux langues lors de l'apprentissage de l'autre. La langue portugaise et la langue espagnole sont deux des langues les plus parlées dans le monde et constituent un groupe linguistique plus large appelé langues ibéro-occidentales, qui comprennent aussi des langues ou dialectes avec moins de locuteurs, qui sont, dans une certaine mesure, mutuellement intelligibles. Il existe des versions de chaque langue, comme le portugais brésilien, le portugais européen, l'espagnol d'Amérique (et plusieurs variantes internes), et l'espagnol andalou. (fr) El portugués y el español son dos de los idiomas con más hablantes del mundo. Aunque están estrechamente relacionados, siendo ambos lenguas romances del grupo iberorromance, hasta el extremo de tener un cierto grado de inteligibilidad entre uno y otro, también existen diferencias importantes entre ellos, lo que puede traer dificultades para las personas que hablan uno de estos dos idiomas y buscan aprender el otro. Los dos idiomas son parte de un grupo lingüístico más amplio conocido como lenguas iberorromances, que contiene también lenguas o dialectos con menos hablantes, todos los cuales son, en cierta medida, mutuamente inteligibles entre ellos. También hay algunas diferencias entre el portugués brasileño y el portugués europeo. Este artículo solo advierte de las diferencias entre ellos cuando: * Tanto el portugués brasileño como el europeo difieren no solo entre ellos, sino también del español. * Una de las variantes del portugués (el portugués brasileño o el portugués europeo) difiere del español con una sintaxis inviable en español. (es) Il portoghese e lo spagnolo sono due lingue strettamente imparentate, a tal punto da godere l'uno nei confronti dell'altro di un alto tasso di mutua intelligibilità, ma anche divise da profonde differenze, tali da mettere in difficoltà il parlante di una delle due che intenda imparare l'altra. Entrambe fanno parte del gruppo di lingue neolatine detto lingue ibero-romanze, che include inoltre un insieme di dialetti con pochi parlanti che per ragioni storiche e culturali sono considerati lingue separate, ma che si sono altamente comprensibili l'uno all'altro. (it) Apesar de serem estreitamente relacionadas, percebe-se um relativo grau de inteligibilidade entre as duas, existem importantes diferenças entre o castelhano (espanhol) e o português. A língua portuguesa e a língua castelhana são duas das línguas com mais falantes do mundo e compõem um grupo linguístico mais amplo conhecido como línguas ibero-ocidentais, que incluem também línguas ou dialetos com menos falantes. As diferenças aumentam, quando se atenta à existência de variantes de cada língua, como o português brasileiro, o português europeu, o espanhol da América (e as muitas variações internas) e o espanhol andaluz. Neste artigo, são apresentadas as diferenças, quando, tanto o português brasileiro como o europeu, diferem não só entre si, mas também do espanhol; e quando um destes dois dialetos do português difere do espanhol com uma sintaxe inviável em espanhol. (pt) Испанский и португальский языки являются одними из самых распространённых в мире, занимая соответственно второе (более 570 миллионов человек) и пятое место (более 240 миллионов человек) по числу говорящих на них. Изучающие романские языки очень скоро отмечают высокую степень сходства между двумя языками. Лексика и грамматика письменности обоих языков сильно похожи, поскольку устные традиции этих двух языков начали дистанцироваться друг от друга не ранее X века. К примеру, разница между диалектами китайского или диалектами арабского языка может быть большей, чем между этими двумя языками. Но выделяются и некоторые особенности — в первую очередь своеобразная фонетическая окраска португальского, некоторые грамматические особенности. В большинстве случаев португальским начинают интересоваться после овладения основами испанского. грамматик этих двух языков является темой нескольких специализированных учебников. Сравнительный анализ усложняется географической и диалектной картиной обоих языков. (ru) |
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| rdfs:comment | Il portoghese e lo spagnolo sono due lingue strettamente imparentate, a tal punto da godere l'uno nei confronti dell'altro di un alto tasso di mutua intelligibilità, ma anche divise da profonde differenze, tali da mettere in difficoltà il parlante di una delle due che intenda imparare l'altra. Entrambe fanno parte del gruppo di lingue neolatine detto lingue ibero-romanze, che include inoltre un insieme di dialetti con pochi parlanti che per ragioni storiche e culturali sono considerati lingue separate, ma che si sono altamente comprensibili l'uno all'altro. (it) Portuguese and Spanish, although closely related Romance languages, differ in many aspects of their phonology, grammar and lexicon. Both belong to a subset of the Romance languages known as West Iberian Romance, which also includes several other languages or dialects with fewer speakers, all of which are mutually intelligible to some degree. A 1949 study by Italian-American linguist Mario Pei, analyzing the degree of difference from a language's parent (Latin, in the case of Romance languages) by comparing phonology, inflection, syntax, vocabulary, and intonation, indicated the following percentages (the higher the percentage, the greater the distance from Latin): In the case of Spanish it was 20%, the third closest Romance language to Latin, only behind Sardinian (8% distance) and Italian (en) Obwohl Portugiesisch und Spanisch eng verwandt sind – bis zu einem gewissen Grad gegenseitiger Verständlichkeit –, gibt es auch entscheidende Unterschiede, die für Personen, welche eine der beiden Sprachen beherrschen und die andere lernen wollen, Schwierigkeiten darstellen können. Beide sind Teil einer größeren, als westiberische Sprachen bekannten Gruppe, der noch andere Sprachen oder Dialekte mit weniger Sprechern angehören, wobei alle zu einem gewissen Grad gegenseitig verständlich sind. (de) El portugués y el español son dos de los idiomas con más hablantes del mundo. Aunque están estrechamente relacionados, siendo ambos lenguas romances del grupo iberorromance, hasta el extremo de tener un cierto grado de inteligibilidad entre uno y otro, también existen diferencias importantes entre ellos, lo que puede traer dificultades para las personas que hablan uno de estos dos idiomas y buscan aprender el otro. También hay algunas diferencias entre el portugués brasileño y el portugués europeo. Este artículo solo advierte de las diferencias entre ellos cuando: (es) Bien qu'ils soient étroitement liés, jusqu'à un degré relatif d'intelligibilité mutuelle, il existe d'importantes différences entre l'espagnol et le portugais, qui peuvent être sources de difficultés pour les locuteurs d'une de ces deux langues lors de l'apprentissage de l'autre. La langue portugaise et la langue espagnole sont deux des langues les plus parlées dans le monde et constituent un groupe linguistique plus large appelé langues ibéro-occidentales, qui comprennent aussi des langues ou dialectes avec moins de locuteurs, qui sont, dans une certaine mesure, mutuellement intelligibles. (fr) Apesar de serem estreitamente relacionadas, percebe-se um relativo grau de inteligibilidade entre as duas, existem importantes diferenças entre o castelhano (espanhol) e o português. A língua portuguesa e a língua castelhana são duas das línguas com mais falantes do mundo e compõem um grupo linguístico mais amplo conhecido como línguas ibero-ocidentais, que incluem também línguas ou dialetos com menos falantes. (pt) Испанский и португальский языки являются одними из самых распространённых в мире, занимая соответственно второе (более 570 миллионов человек) и пятое место (более 240 миллионов человек) по числу говорящих на них. Изучающие романские языки очень скоро отмечают высокую степень сходства между двумя языками. Лексика и грамматика письменности обоих языков сильно похожи, поскольку устные традиции этих двух языков начали дистанцироваться друг от друга не ранее X века. К примеру, разница между диалектами китайского или диалектами арабского языка может быть большей, чем между этими двумя языками. Но выделяются и некоторые особенности — в первую очередь своеобразная фонетическая окраска португальского, некоторые грамматические особенности. В большинстве случаев португальским начинают интересоваться (ru) |
| rdfs:label | Vergleich von Spanisch und Portugiesisch (de) Diferencias entre el español y el portugués (es) Comparison of Portuguese and Spanish (en) Différences entre l'espagnol et le portugais (fr) Differenze tra spagnolo e portoghese (it) Diferenças entre o castelhano e o português (pt) Сравнительный анализ испанского и португальского языков (ru) |
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