Johann Sebastian Bach (original) (raw)
يوهان سباستيان باخ (بالألمانية: Johann Sebastian Bach) عازف أرغن ومؤلف موسيقي وملحن باروكي ألماني ولد في 1685 ورحل في 1750 ميلادية ويعتبر أحد أكبر عباقرة الموسيقى الكلاسيكية في التاريخ الغربي.
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| dbo:abstract | يوهان سباستيان باخ (بالألمانية: Johann Sebastian Bach) عازف أرغن ومؤلف موسيقي وملحن باروكي ألماني ولد في 1685 ورحل في 1750 ميلادية ويعتبر أحد أكبر عباقرة الموسيقى الكلاسيكية في التاريخ الغربي. (ar) (Eisenach, 21 de març de 1685 (Julià) - Leipzig, 28 de juliol de 1750)pronunciació alemanya: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈbax]fou un organista i compositor de música barroca, membre de la família de músics més extraordinària de la història, amb uns 120 músics. La seva fecunda obra es considera el cim de la música barroca, i una de les màximes expressions de la música universal, no tan sols per la seva profunditat intel·lectual, la seva perfecció tècnica i la seva bellesa artística, sinó també per la síntesi dels diversos estils de la seva època, del passat i per la seva incomparable extensió. Bach és font d'inspiració per a compositors posteriors, des de Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart i Ludwig van Beethoven, passant per Johannes Brahms i Arnold Schönberg, fins als nostres temps. Les seves obres estan entre les més destacades de la música clàssica. En destaquen més de dues-centes cantates d'església i unes vint de profanes, els Concerts de Brandenburg, El clavecí ben temprat, la Missa en si menor, la Passió segons sant Mateu, L'art de la fuga, l'Ofrena musical, les Variacions Goldberg i l'Oratori de Nadal, a més de nombroses obres vocals, orquestrals, obres per a orgue, clavecí i altres instruments. (ca) Johann Sebastian Bach (31. března 1685 Eisenach – 28. července 1750 Lipsko) byl německý hudební skladatel a virtuos hry na klávesové nástroje, považovaný za jednoho z největších hudebních géniů všech dob a završitele barokního hudebního stylu. Bachovo dílo mělo a má značný vliv na další vývoj hudby počínaje W. A. Mozartem a Ludwigem van Beethovenem až po Arnolda Schoenberga nebo Henryka Góreckého. Ve své době Bach proslul především jako hráč na klávesové nástroje, improvizátor a znalec varhan, jako hudební skladatel však byl znám méně. Jeho hudba byla vnímána jako konzervativní a po jeho smrti upadla na padesát let téměř v zapomenutí. Až počínaje Felixem Mendelssohnem Bartholdym se od první poloviny 19. století začala postupně opět více hrát. Bach působil ve světských i církevních službách na různých místech Německa, nejvýznamnější jeho působiště byla Výmar, Köthen a Lipsko. Mezi jeho nejznámější kompozice patří Braniborské koncerty, Dobře temperovaný klavír, Mše h moll, Matoušovy pašije, Vánoční oratorium, Hudební obětina, Goldbergovy variace a Umění fugy. (cs) Johann Sebastian Bach (* 21. Märzjul. / 31. März 1685greg. in Eisenach, Sachsen-Eisenach; † 28. Juli 1750 in Leipzig, Kurfürstentum Sachsen) war ein deutscher Komponist, Kantor, Hofkonzertmeister, Violinist sowie Orgel- und Cembalovirtuose des Barocks aus Thüringen. In seiner Hauptschaffensperiode war er Thomaskantor zu Leipzig. Er ist der prominenteste Vertreter der Musikerfamilie Bach und gilt heute als einer der bekanntesten und bedeutendsten Musiker überhaupt. Insbesondere von Berufsmusikern wird er oft als der größte Komponist der Musikgeschichte angesehen. Seine Werke beeinflussten spätere Komponistengenerationen und inspirierten musikschaffende Künstler zu zahllosen Bearbeitungen. Zu Lebzeiten wurde Bach als Virtuose, Organist und Orgelinspektor hoch geschätzt; allerdings waren seine Kompositionen nur einem relativ kleinen Kreis bekannt. Der Großteil seiner Werke geriet nach seinem Tod jahrzehntelang in Vergessenheit und wurde nur noch in geringerem Maße von seinen Schülern oder von Schülern seiner Schüler öffentlich aufgeführt. Nachdem diverse Vokalwerke durch die Sing-Akademie zu Berlin ab Ende des 18. Jahrhunderts wieder aufgeführt wurden und die Komponisten der Wiener Klassik sich mit Teilen von seinem Œuvre auseinandergesetzt hatten, begann mit der Wiederaufführung der Matthäus-Passion unter der Leitung von Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy im Jahre 1829 die Bach-Renaissance. Seit der Mitte des 19. Jahrhunderts gehören Bachs Werke in der ganzen Welt zum festen Repertoire der „klassischen“ Musik. Zu seinen bekanntesten Werken gehören Das Wohltemperierte Klavier, die h-Moll-Messe, die Matthäus-Passion, Die Kunst der Fuge, das Weihnachtsoratorium, die Brandenburgischen Konzerte und viele Kantaten. (de) Ο Γιόχαν Σεμπάστιαν Μπαχ (Johann Sebastian Bach, Άιζεναχ, 21/31 Μαρτίου 1685 - Λειψία, 28 Ιουλίου 1750) ήταν Γερμανός συνθέτης, διευθυντής ορχήστρας, μουσικοπαιδαγωγός και εκτελεστής (οργανίστας, κλειδοκυμβαλίστας, βιολίστας και βιολονίστας) της περιόδου Μπαρόκ. Υπήρξε αναμφισβήτητα ο μεγαλύτερος συνθέτης αυτής της περιόδου, καθώς και ένας από τους σπουδαιότερους στην ιστορία της έντεχνης Δυτικής μουσικής. Τα περισσότερα από 1000 έργα του που έχουν διασωθεί έως τις μέρες μας, φέρουν όλα τα χαρακτηριστικά της εποχής Μπαρόκ, τα οποία και απογειώνουν στην τελειότητα. Παρόλο που δεν εισάγει κάποια νέα μουσική φόρμα, εμπλουτίζει το γερμανικό μουσικό στυλ της εποχής με μια δυνατή και εντυπωσιακή αντιστικτική τεχνική, έναν φαινομενικά αβίαστο έλεγχο της αρμονικής και μοτιβικής οργάνωσης, και την προσαρμογή ρυθμών και ύφους από άλλες χώρες, ιδιαίτερα από την Ιταλία και τη Γαλλία. Η μουσική του χαρακτηρίζεται από τεχνική αρτιότητα, αρτιστικό υπόβαθρο και, κυρίως, υψηλή πνευματικότητα. Τα έργα του καλύπτουν ένα ευρύτατο φάσμα τόσο της οργανικής (έργα για τσέμπαλο, εκκλησιαστικό όργανο, κοντσέρτα), όσο και της φωνητικής μουσικής (ορατόρια, λειτουργίες, πάθη, καντάτες, κ.α.). Ως χαρακτηριστικά έργα του Μπαχ μπορούν να αναφερθούν: η Τοκάτα και Φούγκα σε Ρε Ελάσσονα, η Λειτουργία σε σι ελάσσονα, τα Κατά Ματθαίον Πάθη, τα Βρανδεμβούργια Κοντσέρτα, το Καλοσυγκερασμένο Κλειδοκύμβαλο και η Τέχνη της Φούγκας. (el) Johann Sebastian BACH [JOhan zeBAStian baĥ], esperante Johano Sebastiano BAĤO (naskiĝis la 21-an de marto 1685 en Eisenach, mortis la 28-an de julio 1750 en Lepsiko) estis klasika germana komponisto, orgena kaj piana virtuozo de la baroka epoko. Li estas nun unu el la plej famaj komponistoj, kies muziko grave influis postajn komponistojn kaj kies verkoj estas prezentaj kiel originalaĵoj kaj kiel aranĝaĵoj en la muzikmondo. Dumvive Bach estis alte ŝatata kiel virtuozo, orgenisto, orgeninspektisto kaj komponisto, tamen liaj verkoj estis konataj nur al relative malgranda rondo de muzikspertuloj. Post la morto de Bach liaj verkoj en la vasta publiko dumtempe falis en forgeson kaj estis preskaŭ neniam publike prezentataj. Kvazaŭe remalkovrita estis Bach fare de la romantistoj de la 19-a jarcento. Ekde tiam liaj verkoj tutmonde apartenas al la daŭra repertuaro de la klasika muziko. (eo) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 1685eko martxoaren 31greg./martxoaren 21ajul. - Leipzig, 1750eko uztailaren 28a) Barrokoko alemaniar konpositore eta organo-jotzailea izan zen, historiako musikari familia onenetariko baten kidea. Inoiz izan den konpositore handienetakotzat hartzen da askotan, haren lanen edertasunagatik ez ezik, kopuruagatik ere bai. Hortaz, inspirazio iturri izan zen hainbat musikarirentzat, hala nola Mozart, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Liszt, Brahms, Mahler edota Schoenberg. Bachen konposizioek, hala sakratu nola sekularrek, abesbatza, orkestra eta instrumentu bakarlarientzakoek, Barrokoaren sorkuntza-ildo ugari bildu zituzten eta aro hori bere heldutasunera eraman. Forma berririk sortu ez bazuen ere, alemaniar estiloa aberastu egin zuen, kontrapuntuaren teknikaz, harmoniaren eta motiboen antolamenduaren gainean zeukan kontrol paregabeaz, eta atzerriko (batez ere, Frantzia eta Italiako) erritmo eta formen egokitzapenaz. Brandeburgoko kontzertuak, Das wohltemperierte Klavier, Meza si minorren, Nekaldia San Mateoren arabera, Musika eskaintza, Fugaren artea, Goldberg bariazioak eta Tocata eta fuga re minorren dira haren lanik ezagunenetako batzuk. (eu) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, 21 de marzojul./ 31 de marzo de 1685greg.-Leipzig, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, 28 de julio de 1750) fue un compositor, músico, director de orquesta, maestro de capilla, cantor y profesor alemán del período barroco. Fue el miembro más importante de una de las familias de músicos más destacadas de la historia, con más de 35 compositores famosos: la familia Bach. Tuvo una gran fama como organista y clavecinista en toda Europa por su gran técnica y capacidad de improvisar música al teclado. Además del órgano y del clavecín, tocaba el violín y la viola da gamba. Su fecunda obra es considerada la cima de la música barroca; destaca en ella su profundidad intelectual, su perfección técnica y su belleza artística, además de la síntesis de los diversos estilos nacionales de su época y del pasado. Bach es considerado el último gran maestro del arte del contrapunto y fuente de inspiración e influencia para posteriores compositores y músicos, tales como Joseph Haydn, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Ludwig van Beethoven, Felix Mendelssohn, Robert Schumann y Frédéric Chopin, entre muchos otros. Entre sus obras más conocidas se encuentran los Conciertos de Brandeburgo, El clave bien temperado, la Misa en si menor, la Pequeña fuga en sol menor, la Pasión según San Mateo, El arte de la fuga, Ofrenda musical, las Variaciones Goldberg, la Tocata y fuga en re menor, varios ciclos de cantatas (entre ellas las célebres Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140 y Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147), el Concierto italiano, BWV 971, la Obertura en estilo francés, BWV 831, las Suites para violonchelo solo, las Sonatas y partitas para violín solo, los Conciertos para teclado y las Suites para orquesta. (es) Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the Brandenburg Concertos; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier; organ works such as the Schubler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor; and vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. The Bach family already counted several composers when Johann Sebastian was born as the last child of a city musician in Eisenach. After being orphaned at the age of 10, he lived for five years with his eldest brother Johann Christoph, after which he continued his musical education in Lüneburg. From 1703 he was back in Thuringia, working as a musician for Protestant churches in Arnstadt and Mühlhausen and, for longer stretches of time, at courts in Weimar, where he expanded his organ repertory, and Köthen, where he was mostly engaged with chamber music. From 1723 he was employed as Thomaskantor (cantor at St Thomas's) in Leipzig. There he composed music for the principal Lutheran churches of the city, and for its university's student ensemble Collegium Musicum. From 1726 he published some of his keyboard and organ music. In Leipzig, as had happened during some of his earlier positions, he had difficult relations with his employer, a situation that was little remedied when he was granted the title of court composer by his sovereign, Augustus III, Elector of Saxony and King of Poland, in 1736. In the last decades of his life he reworked and extended many of his earlier compositions. He died of complications after eye surgery in 1750 at the age of 65. Bach enriched established German styles through his mastery of counterpoint, harmonic, and motivic organisation, and his adaptation of rhythms, forms, and textures from abroad, particularly from Italy and France. Bach's compositions include hundreds of cantatas, both sacred and secular. He composed Latin church music, Passions, oratorios, and motets. He often adopted Lutheran hymns, not only in his larger vocal works, but for instance also in his four-part chorales and his sacred songs. He wrote extensively for organ and for other keyboard instruments. He composed concertos, for instance for violin and for harpsichord, and suites, as chamber music as well as for orchestra. Many of his works employ the genres of canon and fugue. Throughout the 18th century, Bach was primarily valued as an organist, while his keyboard music, such as The Well-Tempered Clavier, was appreciated for its didactic qualities. The 19th century saw the publication of some major Bach biographies, and by the end of that century all of his known music had been printed. Dissemination of scholarship on the composer continued through periodicals (and later also websites) exclusively devoted to him, and other publications such as the Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis (BWV, a numbered catalogue of his works) and new critical editions of his compositions. His music was further popularised through a multitude of arrangements, including the Air on the G String and "Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring", and of recordings, such as three different box sets with complete performances of the composer's oeuvre marking the 250th anniversary of his death. (en) Ba chumadóir Gearmánach é Johann Sebastian Bach. Chum Bach ceol i stíl Barócach, tréimhse i stair an cheoil thart ar 1580-1750 agus ina raibh an chruthaitheacht i mbarr láin. Is scéal dochreidte é inniu, ach chaith Bach a shaol mar ghnáth-cheoltóir. Ní raibh clú ná cáil ar an gceol a chum sé lena linn féin. Ach in 1829 (79 bliain tar éis a bháis), tháinig athrú ar an scéal. Stiúraigh an cumadóir Felix Mendelssohn saothar le Bach, Páis Naomh Mhatha agus moladh é go hard na spéire. Bhí Bach i réim as sin amach. (ga) Jean-Sébastien Bach [ ʒɑ̃sebastjɛ̃ bak] (en allemand : Johann Sebastian Bach [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ] ), né à Eisenach (Duché de Saxe-Eisenach) le 21 mars 1685 (31 mars 1685 dans le calendrier grégorien) et mort à Leipzig le 28 juillet 1750, est un musicien, notamment organiste, et compositeur allemand. Membre le plus éminent de la famille Bach — la famille de musiciens la plus prolifique de l'histoire —, sa carrière se déroule entièrement en Allemagne centrale, dans le cadre de sa région natale, au service de petites municipalités, de cours princières sans importance politique, puis du conseil municipal de Leipzig, qui lui manifeste peu de considération : ainsi, jamais il n'obtient un poste à la mesure de son génie et de son importance dans l'histoire de la musique occidentale, malgré la considération de certains souverains allemands, tel Frédéric le Grand, pour le « Cantor de Leipzig ». Orphelin de bonne heure, sa première formation est assurée par son père, Johann Ambrosius Bach, puis par son frère aîné, Johann Christoph Bach. Mais il est aussi un autodidacte, passionné de son art, copiant et étudiant sans relâche les œuvres de ses prédécesseurs et de ses contemporains, développant sa science de la composition et particulièrement du contrepoint jusqu'à un niveau inconnu avant lui et, depuis lors, jamais surpassé. Jean-Sébastien Bach est un virtuose de plusieurs instruments, le violon et l'alto, mais surtout le clavecin et l'orgue. Sur ces deux derniers instruments, ses dons exceptionnels font l'admiration et l'étonnement de tous ses auditeurs ; il prétend tout jouer à première vue et peut improviser sur-le-champ une fugue à trois voix. Il a aussi une compétence reconnue et très sollicitée en expertise de facture instrumentale. À la croisée des principales traditions musicales européennes (pays germaniques, France et Italie), il en opère une synthèse très novatrice pour son temps. Bien qu'il ne crée pas de forme musicale nouvelle, il pratique tous les genres existant à son époque, à l’exception de l’opéra : dans tous ces domaines, ses compositions, dont seules une dizaine sont imprimées de son vivant, montrent une qualité exceptionnelle en invention mélodique, en développement contrapuntique, en science harmonique, en lyrisme. La musique de Bach réalise l'équilibre parfait entre le contrepoint et l'harmonie, avant que cette dernière prenne le pas à partir du milieu du XVIIIe siècle. Il est, en particulier, le grand maître de la fugue, du prélude de choral, de la cantate religieuse et de la suite, qu’il a portés au plus haut degré d’achèvement. La principale destination de ses œuvres dépend beaucoup des fonctions exercées : pièces pour orgue à Arnstadt, Mühlhausen ou Weimar, de chambre et orchestrales à Cöthen, religieuses à Leipzig notamment. Inspiré d’une profonde foi chrétienne, ses contemporains le considèrent souvent comme un musicien austère, trop savant et moins tourné vers l’avenir que certains de ses collègues. Il forme de nombreux élèves et transmet son savoir à plusieurs fils musiciens pour lesquels il compose quantité de pièces à vocation didactique, ne laissant cependant aucun écrit ou traité. Mais la fin de sa vie est consacrée à la composition, au rassemblement et à la mise au propre d’œuvres magistrales ou de cycles synthétisant et concrétisant son apport théorique, constituant une sorte de « testament musical ». Peu connue de son vivant au-dehors de l'Allemagne, passée de mode et plus ou moins oubliée après sa disparition, pleinement redécouverte au XIXe siècle, son œuvre, comprenant plus de mille compositions, est généralement considérée comme l'aboutissement et le couronnement de la tradition musicale du baroque : elle fait l’admiration des plus grands musiciens, conscients de son extraordinaire valeur artistique. Objet, chez les musicologues et musiciens, d'un culte, qui a pu susciter l'ironie de Berlioz, Jean-Sébastien Bach est considéré, depuis sa redécouverte au XIXe siècle, comme un des plus grands compositeurs de tous les temps, si ce n'est comme le plus grand. (fr) Johann Sebastian Bach (21 Maret 1685 – 28 Juli 1750) adalah seorang komponis dan organis Jerman zaman Barok. Beliau menggubah musik untuk alat musik organ, harpsichord, clavichord, dan juga untuk orkestra. Ia telah menggubah lebih dari 1000 lagu. Set lagu oleh Bach Brandenburg Concertos, lagu gereja Mass in B minor, adalah yang paling terkenal. (in) ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ（独: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685年3月31日（ユリウス暦1685年3月21日）- 1750年7月28日）は、ドイツの作曲家・オルガニストである。 バロック音楽の重要な作曲家の一人で、鍵盤楽器の演奏家としても高名であり、当時から即興演奏の大家として知られていた。バッハ研究者の見解では、バッハはバロック音楽の最後尾に位置する作曲家としてそれまでの音楽を集大成したとも評価されるが、後世には、西洋音楽の基礎を構築した作曲家であり音楽の源流であるとも捉えられ、日本の音楽教育では「音楽の父」と称された。 バッハ一族は音楽家の家系で（バッハ家参照）、数多くの音楽家を輩出したが、中でもヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハはその功績の大きさから「大バッハ」とも呼ばれている。また、他のバッハ一族と区別するため、J.S.バッハとも略記される。 (ja) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 21 maart 1685 – Leipzig, 28 juli 1750) was een Duits componist van barokmuziek, organist, klavecinist, violist, muziekpedagoog en dirigent.Hij wordt door de meeste muziekwetenschappers beschouwd als een van de grootste en invloedrijkste componisten uit de geschiedenis van de klassieke muziek, vanwege de inventiviteit waarmee hij melodie, harmonie en ritme, maar ook diverse muziekstijlen uit zijn tijd en dansvormen combineerde, wat vele componisten na hem inspireerde en wat zij ook trachtten te evenaren. Naast zijn verdienste als componist heeft hij ook als geen ander laten zien hoe belangrijk de constructie van een compositie is, alsmede de maximalisatie van een altijd in proces zijnde spanningsopbouw en -afbouw. (nl) ( 바흐는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 바흐 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.)( 바하는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 바하 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 요한 제바스티안 바흐(독일어: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685년 3월 21일 ~ 1750년 7월 28일)는 독일의 작곡가이자 오르가니스트, 쳄발로 연주자이며, 개신교회의 교회 음악가이다. 교회 성기사와 오케스트라, 듀오 악기를 위한 종교적이거나 세속적인 음악을 창작했고, 그의 작품은 바로크 시대의 종말과 궁극적인 성숙을 동시에 가져왔다. 그는 바로크 시대의 최후에 위치하는 대가로서, 일반적인 작품은 독일음악의 전통에 깊이 뿌리박고 있을 뿐 아니라, 그 위에 이탈리아나 프랑스의 양식을 채택하고 그것들을 융합하여 독자적 개성적인 음악을 창조하였다. 종교적 작품은 기존 구교 음악과 차별화하여 새로운 음악을 통해 개신교회 예배에 기여하고자 노력하였다. 바흐의 집안은 200년에 걸쳐서 50명 이상의 음악가를 배출한 일대 음악가계였다. 바흐 집안의 음악가들은 대대로 개신교회인 루터교회의 경건한 신자들이었고, 교회음악가로도 활동하였다. 또한 그들의 일에 강한 장인(匠人)적인 긍지를 품고 있었다. 이 '신앙'과 '장인기질(匠人氣質)'은 요한 제바스티안에게도 계승되어서, 마치 2개의 정선율(定旋律)과 같이 그의 일생을 관통하게 된다. 제바스티안 이전에도 17세기 초엽 이래 많은 유명한 작곡가를 배출했고, 일족의 중심지이었던 중부독일의 튀링겐 지방에서는 '바흐'가 '거리의 악사'를 가리키는 용어로 쓰였을 정도였다. 그중에서도 제바스티안의 큰할아버지 (1615-1692), 그 아들 (1642-1703)와 (1648-94)는 음악사(史)에도 이름을 남긴 뛰어난 작곡가들이었다. 바흐는 사후 고전주의 음악사의 흐름에 밀려 완전히 잊혔으나 1802년 독일의 음악사학자인 포르켈이 바흐에 대한 최초의 연구서인 "바흐의 생애와 예술, 그리고 작품"(Über Johann Sebastian Bachs Leben, Kunst und Kunstwerke)을 1802년에 발표함으로써 전 유럽적 바흐 광풍을 몰고 오게 하였으며 또한 사후 바흐에 대한 재평가에 결정적인 계기를 제공하였다. 오늘날에는 일반적으로 온 시대를 통틀어 가장 위대한 작곡가 중 한 사람으로 여겨지고 있다. 음악의 아버지라고 불릴 만큼 아주 훌륭한 곡을 많이 작곡하였다. (ko) Johann Sebastian Bach (pronuncia tedesca [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an ˈbax], in italiano spesso pronunciato /ˈbak/; Eisenach, 31 marzo 1685 – Lipsia, 28 luglio 1750) è stato un compositore e musicista tedesco del periodo barocco, 17° Thomaskantor di Lipsia dal 1723 alla morte. Considerato uno dei più grandi geni nella storia della musica, le sue opere sono notevoli per profondità intellettuale, padronanza dei mezzi tecnici ed espressivi e per bellezza artistica. La sua fama è dovuta all'ampio e magistrale utilizzo del contrappunto, all'organizzazione armonica e tematica delle sue opere e all'inclusione di temi e motivi sacri (specialmente dalla musica sacra del culto luterano) e profani, oltre che alla capacità di padroneggiare i diversi stili nazionali (principalmente lo stile tedesco, quello italiano e quello francese, che approfondì). È considerato uno dei massimi maestri di forme musicali come il canone, la cantata e la fuga. Bach nella sua vita fu polistrumentista (suonava sia strumenti a tastiera sia ad arco, anche se era noto principalmente come organista), insegnante di musica e soprattutto un compositore estremamente prolifico (l'indice delle sue opere, il Bach-Werke-Verzeichnis o BWV, supera il migliaio di titoli) sia di musica strumentale sia di musica vocale; compose per strumenti a tastiera decine di opere per organo (tra cui preludi, toccate, fughe, fantasie, sonate, adagi, concerti, i Preludi corali di Lipsia, l'Orgelbüchlein), clavicembalo (come il celeberrimo Clavicembalo ben temperato, il Concerto italiano e le Variazioni Goldberg), per complessi orchestrali (ad esempio i Concerti brandeburghesi) e cameristici (ad esempio le sonate per violino e clavicembalo); dall'altra parte, oltre cento cantate, la Passione secondo Matteo, l'Oratorio di Natale, la Messa in Si minore, il Magnificat, la Passione secondo Giovanni e l'Oratorio di Pasqua. L'Offerta musicale da lui donata a Federico II di Prussia e l'incompiuta Arte della fuga sono oggi considerate tra le opere più complesse e articolate della musica occidentale e due dei suoi vertici più elevati. Compose sia musica sacra sia didattica sia assoluta e un ruolo marginale ha nella sua opera la musica profana e secolare. Operò una sintesi mirabile fra lo stile tedesco (di cui erano stati esponenti, fra gli altri, Pachelbel e Buxtehude) e le opere dei compositori italiani (particolarmente Vivaldi, del quale trascrisse numerosi brani, assimilandone soprattutto lo stile concertante). La sua opera costituì la summa e lo sviluppo delle varie tendenze stilistico-compositive della sua epoca. Il grado di complessità strutturale, la difficoltà tecnica e l'esclusione del genere melodrammatico, tuttavia, resero la sua opera appannaggio solo dei musicisti più dotati e all'epoca ne limitarono la diffusione fra il grande pubblico, in paragone alla popolarità raggiunta da altri musicisti contemporanei come Händel o Telemann. Dopo la sua morte, per motivi imputabili sia alle oggettive difficoltà tecnico-esecutive sia al cambio nel gusto imperante, la sua opera fu sostanzialmente dimenticata per quasi un secolo, sebbene celebri compositori quali Mozart e Beethoven ebbero modo di conoscerne e apprezzarne lo stile. Nel 1829 l'esecuzione della Passione secondo Matteo, diretta a Berlino da Felix Mendelssohn, riportò alla conoscenza di un vasto pubblico l'elevata qualità dell'opera compositiva di Bach, che è da allora considerata il compendio della musica contrappuntistica del periodo barocco. A lui sono dedicati l'asteroide 1814 Bach, il cratere Bach e la maglia Bach sulla superficie di Mercurio. (it) Johann Sebastian Bach (w formie spolszczonej Jan Sebastian Bach, ur. 21 marca?/ 31 marca 1685 w Eisenach, zm. 28 lipca 1750 w Lipsku) – kompozytor i organista niemiecki epoki baroku, jeden z najwybitniejszych artystów w dziejach muzyki, kompozytor dworski. Czołowa postać rodu Bachów, wybitny wykonawca i jeden z najbardziej wpływowych kompozytorów. (pl) Johann Sebastian Bach [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈbax], född 31 mars [21 mars, g.s.] 1685 i Eisenach i Sachsen-Eisenach, död 28 juli 1750 i Leipzig i Sachsen, var en tysk tonsättare och organist. Han intar en särställning bland barockens tonsättare. Han anses vara kontrapunktens store mästare, som sammansmälter sina föregångares stilar och tendenser. Han hade också en för tiden ovanlig internationell utblick. Bach är en centralgestalt i den protestantiska kyrkomusiken på grund av sin omfattande produktion av verk för kyrkoårets olika högtider. Bachs två passioner (oratorier över temat Jesu lidande och död) är ofta återkommande musikinslag under i många länder. Han har kallats för "den femte evangelisten", syftande på Bibelns fyra evangelister. Också inom orgelmusiken räknas han till de främsta. Hans musik utövar ett starkt inflytande på organister än idag. Under sin livstid var han en ansedd orgelexpert som ofta konsulterades när orglar skulle byggas eller repareras. Bach var dessutom en skicklig pedagog, som komponerade ett stort antal övningsstycken av hög konstnärlig halt, men han var på sin tid mindre känd som tonsättare. I filmen Chronik der Anna Magdalena Bach (1968) gestaltas han av Gustav Leonhardt. (sv) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 21 de março de 1685jul./31 de março de 1685greg. — Leipzig, 28 de julho de 1750) foi um compositor, cravista, Kapellmeister, regente, organista, professor, violinista e violista oriundo do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, atual Alemanha. Nascido numa família de longa tradição musical, cedo mostrou possuir talento e logo tornou-se um músico completo. Estudante incansável, adquiriu um vasto conhecimento da música europeia de sua época e das gerações anteriores. Desempenhou vários cargos em cortes e igrejas alemãs, mas suas funções mais destacadas foram a de Kantor da Igreja de São Tomás e Diretor Musical da cidade de Leipzig, onde desenvolveu a parte final e mais importante de sua carreira. Absorvendo inicialmente o grande repertório de música contrapontística germânica como base principal de seu estilo, recebeu mais tarde a influência italiana e francesa, através das quais sua obra se enriqueceu e transformou, realizando uma síntese original de uma multiplicidade de tendências. Praticou quase todos os gêneros musicais conhecidos em seu tempo, com a notável exceção da ópera, embora suas cantatas maduras revelem bastante influência desta que foi uma das formas mais populares do período Barroco. Sua habilidade ao órgão e ao cravo foi amplamente reconhecida enquanto viveu e se tornou lendária, sendo considerado o maior virtuoso de sua geração e um especialista na construção de órgãos. Também tinha grandes qualidades como maestro, cantor, professor e violinista, mas como compositor seu mérito só recebeu aprovação limitada e nunca foi exatamente popular, ainda que vários críticos que o conheceram o louvassem como grande. A maior parte de sua música caiu no esquecimento após sua morte, mas sua recuperação iniciou no século XIX,através do compositor Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847) e desde então seu prestígio não cessou de crescer. Na apreciação contemporânea Bach é tido como o maior nome da música barroca, e muitos o veem como o maior compositor de todos os tempos, ganhando também o título de "Pai da Música", elogiado e estudado por grandes compositores como Mozart e Beethoven, deixando muitas obras que constituem a consumação de seu gênero. Entre suas peças mais conhecidas e importantes estão os Concertos de Brandenburgo, Jesus Alegria dos Homens, o Cravo Bem-Temperado, as Sonatas e Partitas para violino solo, a Missa em Si Menor, a Tocata e Fuga em Ré Menor, a Paixão segundo São Mateus, a Oferenda Musical, a Arte da Fuga, Coração e Boca e Ações e Vida e várias de suas cantatas. (pt) Йо́ганн Себастья́н Бах (нім. Johann Sebastian Bach; 21 (31) березня 1685, Айзенах — 28 липня 1750, Лейпциг) — німецький композитор, органіст, клавесиніст і скрипаль, представник стилю бароко, один із творців світової музичної класики, вважається одним із найвидатніших композиторів світу. Його роботи давали натхнення майже кожному композитору Європейської традиції, від Моцарта до Шенберґа. Він узагальнив досягнення музичного мистецтва перехідного періоду від бароко до класицизму, а в майстерності поліфонії і контрапункту не мав собі рівних серед тогочасних музикантів. (uk) 約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫（德語：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日［儒略曆3月21日］－1750年7月28日），巴洛克時期的作曲家及管風琴、大鍵琴、小提琴演奏家，也是巴洛克音樂的集大成者，被認為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一 。 巴赫出生于神聖羅馬帝國爱森纳赫（位於今德国图林根州）的一个音樂世家，自幼即接受音樂教育。父母亡故後，巴赫遷至奧德洛夫由長兄扶養，生活清苦，15歲時即前往呂訥堡修習學業並自立更生。畢業後巴赫先後在阿恩施塔特和米尔豪森擔任管風琴師（1703年－1708年），往後歷任威瑪（1708年－1717年）與克滕（1717年－1723年）的宮廷樂長，以及萊比錫的教堂音樂總監（1723年－1750年）。 巴赫終生自學作曲不輟，舉凡前人至晚輩的作品，無不研究。他一生极多產，其作品以質量俱佳著稱，除了歌劇，幾乎涉獵了當時所有的曲種，包含清唱劇、受難曲、神劇、經文歌、弥撒曲、聖詠、各種樂器的獨奏曲、組曲、室內樂及協奏曲等等。尽管巴赫没有开创新风格，但他的创作廣納了德、意、法等國的音乐手法，並以娴熟的複调技巧呈現，展現了巴洛克音乐风格的精华與深奧的思想。 但由于音乐轉而追求簡明、輕巧的风格，巴赫的複调音乐在其身後被视为陈腐之物，其成就在數十年內未得到应有的评价，仅仅作为管风琴演奏家與教師而闻名。虽然莫扎特、贝多芬等大作曲家均对巴赫推崇備至，但直到浪漫主义时代，作曲家孟德爾頌於1829年在柏林改編並指揮巴赫的《马太受难曲》，才使樂壇正視巴赫音樂的價值；浪漫早期以后的作曲家也多受巴赫影響。此后數代音樂家對他的作品进行了发掘、研究、整理和推广，巴赫逐渐恢復了崇高的地位。 在2005年德國電視二台票選最偉大的德國人活動中，他排名第六，在20世紀以前的人物中僅次於馬丁·路德與馬克思。 (zh) Иога́нн Себастья́н Бах (нем. Johann Sebastian Bach, произношение: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an ˈbax]; 21 [31] марта 1685, Эйзенах, Саксен-Эйзенах — 28 июля 1750 [н. ст.], Лейпциг, Саксония, Священная Римская империя) — немецкий композитор, органист, капельмейстер, музыкальный педагог. Бах — автор более 1000 музыкальных произведений во всех значимых жанрах своего времени (кроме оперы). Творческое наследие Баха интерпретируется как обобщение музыкального искусства барокко. Убеждённый протестант, Бах написал много духовной музыки. Его Страсти по Матфею, Месса h-moll, кантаты, инструментальные обработки протестантских хоралов — признанные шедевры мировой музыкальной классики. Бах известен как великий мастер полифонии, в его творчестве барочная полифония достигла наивысшего расцвета. (ru) |
| dbo:birthDate | 1685-03-31 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:birthPlace | dbr:Eisenach |
| dbo:birthYear | 1685-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
| dbo:deathDate | 1750-07-28 (xsd:date) |
| dbo:deathPlace | dbr:Leipzig |
| dbo:deathYear | 1750-01-01 (xsd:gYear) |
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| dbp:alt | 1 (xsd:integer) 2 (xsd:integer) 3 (xsd:integer) 4 (xsd:integer) 5 (xsd:integer) 6 (xsd:integer) 7 (xsd:integer) Prelude (en) Agnus Dei (en) Fugue (en) BWV 632 (en) |
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| dbp:caption | Portrait of Bach (en) by E. G. Haussmann, 1748 (en) |
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| dbp:cname | Johann Sebastian Bach (en) |
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| dbp:description | http://www.bachdigital.de/receive/BachDigitalWork_work_00000172%3FXSL.Style=detail&lang=en Keyboard concerto (en) performed by Solomija Drozd , Petro Titiajev and Ivan Ostapovych (en) Continuo instruments moving to the front (en) This video shows the intertwining of melodies and motives, including the melody of the chorale "Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend"File:Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend.mid (en) The aria "Schafe können sicher weiden" , No. 9 from the Hunting Cantata, BWV 208: composed for soprano, recorders, and continuo, the music of this movement exists in a variety of instrumental arrangements. (en) "Air", 2nd movement from Orchestral Suite No. 3 in D major, BWV 1068, performed in an Air on the G String adaptation by Capella Istropolitana conducted by Oliver von Dohnányi (en) A strictly contrapuntal composition in the guise of an Italian type of concerto (en) Bach re-interpreting older genres tied to the modal system (en) |
| dbp:filename | Wiki naxos 8.550194 01 13.ogg (en) Bach - Brandenburg Concerto.No.4 in G Major- III. Presto.ogg (en) Bach - Brandenburg ConcertoNo. 4 in G Major- II. Andante.ogg (en) Brandenburg Concerto No. 4 in G, Movement I , BWV 1049 .oga (en) Bach - cantata 140. 4. chorale.ogg (en) Chromatic Fantasia .ogg (en) Chromatic Fuge .ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Concerto for Two Violins in D minor - 3. Allegro.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Concerto for Two Violins in D minor - 2. Largo ma non tanto.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Concerto for Two Violins in D minor - 1. Vivace.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Klavierkonzert d-moll - 1. Allegro.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Klavierkonzert d-moll - 3. Allegro.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Klavierkonzert d-moll - 2. Adagio.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Italian Concerto - F Major - Presto.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Italian Concerto - F Major - Andante.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Italian Concerto - F Major - 1st movement.ogg (en) CELLO_LIVE_PERFORMANCES_JOHN_MICHEL-J_S_Bach_Gamba_Sonata_in_g_1st_mvt.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach Fugue in A minor BWV 543 Robert Köbler Silbermann-Organ.mp3 (en) Bach - cantata 140. 1. chorus.ogg (en) Bach - cantata 140. 2. recitative.ogg (en) Bach - cantata 140. 3. duet.ogg (en) Bach - cantata 140. 5. recitative.ogg (en) Bach - cantata 140. 6. duet.ogg (en) Bach - cantata 140. 7. chorale.ogg (en) Bach C Major Prelude Werckmeister.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach - Mass in B minor - Agnus Dei.ogg (en) CELLO_LIVE_PERFORMANCES_JOHN_MICHEL-J_S_Bach_Gamba_Sonata_in_g_3rd_mvt.ogg (en) Sheep May Safely Graze BWV 208.ogg (en) Johann Sebastian Bach Prelude in A minor BWV 543 Robert Köbler Silbermann-Organ.mp3 (en) Anàlisi contrapuntística fragment BWV 632 Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend'.ogv (en) CELLO_LIVE_PERFORMANCES_JOHN_MICHEL-J_S_Bach_Gamba_Sonata_in_g_2nd_mvt.ogg (en) |
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| dbp:header | dbr:BWV_1049 Double Violin Concerto in D minor BWV 1043 performed by the Advent Chamber Orchestra with David Perry and Roxana Pavel Goldstein (en) Chromatic Fantasia and Fugue BWV 903 performed by Kevin MacLeod (en) Italian Concerto BWV 971 performed by Martha Goldstein (en) Prelude No. 1 in C major BWV 846 performed on harpsichord by Robert Schröter (en) from Mass in B minor (en) Prelude and Fugue in A minor, BWV 543 performed by Robert Köbler on the Silbermann organ in the village church of Großhartmannsdorf, Saxony (en) Sonata No. 3 in G minor for viola da gamba and harpsichord BWV 1029 performed by John Michel (en) Cantata Wachet auf, ruft uns die Stimme, BWV 140 performed by the MIT Concert Choir conducted by W. Cutter (en) Some of Bach's most popular melodies are, more often than not, heard in various arrangements: (en) Keyboard Concerto No. 1 in D minor, BWV 1052 performed by the Fulda Symphonic Orchestra conducted by Simon Schindler with Johannes Volker Schmidt (en) Analysis of the counterpoint of the chorale prelude Herr Jesu Christ, dich zu uns wend', BWV 632 (en) |
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| dbp:name | Johann Sebastian Bach (en) IPA (en) |
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| dbp:reference | Second edition, 2013, W. W. Norton, New York and London, pbk. (en) |
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| dbp:title | 1 (xsd:integer) 2 (xsd:integer) 3 (xsd:integer) 4 (xsd:integer) 5 (xsd:integer) 6 (xsd:integer) 7 (xsd:integer) Prelude (en) Links to related articles (en) Agnus Dei (en) Fugue (en) Air on the G String (en) BWV 632 (en) "Sheep May Safely Graze" (en) Prelude No. 1 in C major BWV 846 (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | يوهان سباستيان باخ (بالألمانية: Johann Sebastian Bach) عازف أرغن ومؤلف موسيقي وملحن باروكي ألماني ولد في 1685 ورحل في 1750 ميلادية ويعتبر أحد أكبر عباقرة الموسيقى الكلاسيكية في التاريخ الغربي. (ar) Ba chumadóir Gearmánach é Johann Sebastian Bach. Chum Bach ceol i stíl Barócach, tréimhse i stair an cheoil thart ar 1580-1750 agus ina raibh an chruthaitheacht i mbarr láin. Is scéal dochreidte é inniu, ach chaith Bach a shaol mar ghnáth-cheoltóir. Ní raibh clú ná cáil ar an gceol a chum sé lena linn féin. Ach in 1829 (79 bliain tar éis a bháis), tháinig athrú ar an scéal. Stiúraigh an cumadóir Felix Mendelssohn saothar le Bach, Páis Naomh Mhatha agus moladh é go hard na spéire. Bhí Bach i réim as sin amach. (ga) Johann Sebastian Bach (21 Maret 1685 – 28 Juli 1750) adalah seorang komponis dan organis Jerman zaman Barok. Beliau menggubah musik untuk alat musik organ, harpsichord, clavichord, dan juga untuk orkestra. Ia telah menggubah lebih dari 1000 lagu. Set lagu oleh Bach Brandenburg Concertos, lagu gereja Mass in B minor, adalah yang paling terkenal. (in) ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ（独: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685年3月31日（ユリウス暦1685年3月21日）- 1750年7月28日）は、ドイツの作曲家・オルガニストである。 バロック音楽の重要な作曲家の一人で、鍵盤楽器の演奏家としても高名であり、当時から即興演奏の大家として知られていた。バッハ研究者の見解では、バッハはバロック音楽の最後尾に位置する作曲家としてそれまでの音楽を集大成したとも評価されるが、後世には、西洋音楽の基礎を構築した作曲家であり音楽の源流であるとも捉えられ、日本の音楽教育では「音楽の父」と称された。 バッハ一族は音楽家の家系で（バッハ家参照）、数多くの音楽家を輩出したが、中でもヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハはその功績の大きさから「大バッハ」とも呼ばれている。また、他のバッハ一族と区別するため、J.S.バッハとも略記される。 (ja) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 21 maart 1685 – Leipzig, 28 juli 1750) was een Duits componist van barokmuziek, organist, klavecinist, violist, muziekpedagoog en dirigent.Hij wordt door de meeste muziekwetenschappers beschouwd als een van de grootste en invloedrijkste componisten uit de geschiedenis van de klassieke muziek, vanwege de inventiviteit waarmee hij melodie, harmonie en ritme, maar ook diverse muziekstijlen uit zijn tijd en dansvormen combineerde, wat vele componisten na hem inspireerde en wat zij ook trachtten te evenaren. Naast zijn verdienste als componist heeft hij ook als geen ander laten zien hoe belangrijk de constructie van een compositie is, alsmede de maximalisatie van een altijd in proces zijnde spanningsopbouw en -afbouw. (nl) Johann Sebastian Bach (w formie spolszczonej Jan Sebastian Bach, ur. 21 marca?/ 31 marca 1685 w Eisenach, zm. 28 lipca 1750 w Lipsku) – kompozytor i organista niemiecki epoki baroku, jeden z najwybitniejszych artystów w dziejach muzyki, kompozytor dworski. Czołowa postać rodu Bachów, wybitny wykonawca i jeden z najbardziej wpływowych kompozytorów. (pl) Йо́ганн Себастья́н Бах (нім. Johann Sebastian Bach; 21 (31) березня 1685, Айзенах — 28 липня 1750, Лейпциг) — німецький композитор, органіст, клавесиніст і скрипаль, представник стилю бароко, один із творців світової музичної класики, вважається одним із найвидатніших композиторів світу. Його роботи давали натхнення майже кожному композитору Європейської традиції, від Моцарта до Шенберґа. Він узагальнив досягнення музичного мистецтва перехідного періоду від бароко до класицизму, а в майстерності поліфонії і контрапункту не мав собі рівних серед тогочасних музикантів. (uk) (Eisenach, 21 de març de 1685 (Julià) - Leipzig, 28 de juliol de 1750)pronunciació alemanya: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈbax]fou un organista i compositor de música barroca, membre de la família de músics més extraordinària de la història, amb uns 120 músics. (ca) Johann Sebastian Bach (31. března 1685 Eisenach – 28. července 1750 Lipsko) byl německý hudební skladatel a virtuos hry na klávesové nástroje, považovaný za jednoho z největších hudebních géniů všech dob a završitele barokního hudebního stylu. Bachovo dílo mělo a má značný vliv na další vývoj hudby počínaje W. A. Mozartem a Ludwigem van Beethovenem až po Arnolda Schoenberga nebo Henryka Góreckého. (cs) Ο Γιόχαν Σεμπάστιαν Μπαχ (Johann Sebastian Bach, Άιζεναχ, 21/31 Μαρτίου 1685 - Λειψία, 28 Ιουλίου 1750) ήταν Γερμανός συνθέτης, διευθυντής ορχήστρας, μουσικοπαιδαγωγός και εκτελεστής (οργανίστας, κλειδοκυμβαλίστας, βιολίστας και βιολονίστας) της περιόδου Μπαρόκ. (el) Johann Sebastian Bach (* 21. Märzjul. / 31. März 1685greg. in Eisenach, Sachsen-Eisenach; † 28. Juli 1750 in Leipzig, Kurfürstentum Sachsen) war ein deutscher Komponist, Kantor, Hofkonzertmeister, Violinist sowie Orgel- und Cembalovirtuose des Barocks aus Thüringen. In seiner Hauptschaffensperiode war er Thomaskantor zu Leipzig. Er ist der prominenteste Vertreter der Musikerfamilie Bach und gilt heute als einer der bekanntesten und bedeutendsten Musiker überhaupt. Insbesondere von Berufsmusikern wird er oft als der größte Komponist der Musikgeschichte angesehen. Seine Werke beeinflussten spätere Komponistengenerationen und inspirierten musikschaffende Künstler zu zahllosen Bearbeitungen. (de) Johann Sebastian BACH [JOhan zeBAStian baĥ], esperante Johano Sebastiano BAĤO (naskiĝis la 21-an de marto 1685 en Eisenach, mortis la 28-an de julio 1750 en Lepsiko) estis klasika germana komponisto, orgena kaj piana virtuozo de la baroka epoko. Li estas nun unu el la plej famaj komponistoj, kies muziko grave influis postajn komponistojn kaj kies verkoj estas prezentaj kiel originalaĵoj kaj kiel aranĝaĵoj en la muzikmondo. (eo) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, 21 de marzojul./ 31 de marzo de 1685greg.-Leipzig, Sacro Imperio Romano Germánico, 28 de julio de 1750) fue un compositor, músico, director de orquesta, maestro de capilla, cantor y profesor alemán del período barroco. (es) Johann Sebastian Bach (31 March [O.S. 21 March] 1685 – 28 July 1750) was a German composer and musician of the late Baroque period. He is known for his orchestral music such as the Brandenburg Concertos; instrumental compositions such as the Cello Suites; keyboard works such as the Goldberg Variations and The Well-Tempered Clavier; organ works such as the Schubler Chorales and the Toccata and Fugue in D minor; and vocal music such as the St Matthew Passion and the Mass in B minor. Since the 19th-century Bach revival he has been generally regarded as one of the greatest composers in the history of Western music. (en) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 1685eko martxoaren 31greg./martxoaren 21ajul. - Leipzig, 1750eko uztailaren 28a) Barrokoko alemaniar konpositore eta organo-jotzailea izan zen, historiako musikari familia onenetariko baten kidea. Inoiz izan den konpositore handienetakotzat hartzen da askotan, haren lanen edertasunagatik ez ezik, kopuruagatik ere bai. Hortaz, inspirazio iturri izan zen hainbat musikarirentzat, hala nola Mozart, Mendelssohn, Schumann, Liszt, Brahms, Mahler edota Schoenberg. (eu) Jean-Sébastien Bach [ ʒɑ̃sebastjɛ̃ bak] (en allemand : Johann Sebastian Bach [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an baχ] ), né à Eisenach (Duché de Saxe-Eisenach) le 21 mars 1685 (31 mars 1685 dans le calendrier grégorien) et mort à Leipzig le 28 juillet 1750, est un musicien, notamment organiste, et compositeur allemand. (fr) Johann Sebastian Bach (pronuncia tedesca [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an ˈbax], in italiano spesso pronunciato /ˈbak/; Eisenach, 31 marzo 1685 – Lipsia, 28 luglio 1750) è stato un compositore e musicista tedesco del periodo barocco, 17° Thomaskantor di Lipsia dal 1723 alla morte. Operò una sintesi mirabile fra lo stile tedesco (di cui erano stati esponenti, fra gli altri, Pachelbel e Buxtehude) e le opere dei compositori italiani (particolarmente Vivaldi, del quale trascrisse numerosi brani, assimilandone soprattutto lo stile concertante). (it) ( 바흐는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 바흐 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.)( 바하는 여기로 연결됩니다. 다른 뜻에 대해서는 바하 (동음이의) 문서를 참고하십시오.) 요한 제바스티안 바흐(독일어: Johann Sebastian Bach, 1685년 3월 21일 ~ 1750년 7월 28일)는 독일의 작곡가이자 오르가니스트, 쳄발로 연주자이며, 개신교회의 교회 음악가이다. 교회 성기사와 오케스트라, 듀오 악기를 위한 종교적이거나 세속적인 음악을 창작했고, 그의 작품은 바로크 시대의 종말과 궁극적인 성숙을 동시에 가져왔다. 그는 바로크 시대의 최후에 위치하는 대가로서, 일반적인 작품은 독일음악의 전통에 깊이 뿌리박고 있을 뿐 아니라, 그 위에 이탈리아나 프랑스의 양식을 채택하고 그것들을 융합하여 독자적 개성적인 음악을 창조하였다. 종교적 작품은 기존 구교 음악과 차별화하여 새로운 음악을 통해 개신교회 예배에 기여하고자 노력하였다. (ko) Johann Sebastian Bach (Eisenach, 21 de março de 1685jul./31 de março de 1685greg. — Leipzig, 28 de julho de 1750) foi um compositor, cravista, Kapellmeister, regente, organista, professor, violinista e violista oriundo do Sacro Império Romano-Germânico, atual Alemanha. (pt) Johann Sebastian Bach [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯a(ː)n ˈbax], född 31 mars [21 mars, g.s.] 1685 i Eisenach i Sachsen-Eisenach, död 28 juli 1750 i Leipzig i Sachsen, var en tysk tonsättare och organist. Han intar en särställning bland barockens tonsättare. Han anses vara kontrapunktens store mästare, som sammansmälter sina föregångares stilar och tendenser. Han hade också en för tiden ovanlig internationell utblick. I filmen Chronik der Anna Magdalena Bach (1968) gestaltas han av Gustav Leonhardt. (sv) Иога́нн Себастья́н Бах (нем. Johann Sebastian Bach, произношение: [ˈjoːhan zeˈbasti̯an ˈbax]; 21 [31] марта 1685, Эйзенах, Саксен-Эйзенах — 28 июля 1750 [н. ст.], Лейпциг, Саксония, Священная Римская империя) — немецкий композитор, органист, капельмейстер, музыкальный педагог. (ru) 約翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫（德語：Johann Sebastian Bach，1685年3月31日［儒略曆3月21日］－1750年7月28日），巴洛克時期的作曲家及管風琴、大鍵琴、小提琴演奏家，也是巴洛克音樂的集大成者，被認為是音樂史上最重要的作曲家之一 。 巴赫出生于神聖羅馬帝國爱森纳赫（位於今德国图林根州）的一个音樂世家，自幼即接受音樂教育。父母亡故後，巴赫遷至奧德洛夫由長兄扶養，生活清苦，15歲時即前往呂訥堡修習學業並自立更生。畢業後巴赫先後在阿恩施塔特和米尔豪森擔任管風琴師（1703年－1708年），往後歷任威瑪（1708年－1717年）與克滕（1717年－1723年）的宮廷樂長，以及萊比錫的教堂音樂總監（1723年－1750年）。 巴赫終生自學作曲不輟，舉凡前人至晚輩的作品，無不研究。他一生极多產，其作品以質量俱佳著稱，除了歌劇，幾乎涉獵了當時所有的曲種，包含清唱劇、受難曲、神劇、經文歌、弥撒曲、聖詠、各種樂器的獨奏曲、組曲、室內樂及協奏曲等等。尽管巴赫没有开创新风格，但他的创作廣納了德、意、法等國的音乐手法，並以娴熟的複调技巧呈現，展現了巴洛克音乐风格的精华與深奧的思想。 在2005年德國電視二台票選最偉大的德國人活動中，他排名第六，在20世紀以前的人物中僅次於馬丁·路德與馬克思。 (zh) |
| rdfs:label | Johann Sebastian Bach (en) يوهان سباستيان باخ (ar) Johann Sebastian Bach (ca) Johann Sebastian Bach (cs) Johann Sebastian Bach (de) Γιόχαν Σεμπάστιαν Μπαχ (el) Johann Sebastian Bach (eo) Johann Sebastian Bach (eu) Johann Sebastian Bach (es) Johann Sebastian Bach (ga) Johann Sebastian Bach (in) Jean-Sébastien Bach (fr) Johann Sebastian Bach (it) ヨハン・ゼバスティアン・バッハ (ja) 요한 제바스티안 바흐 (ko) Johann Sebastian Bach (pl) Johann Sebastian Bach (nl) Johann Sebastian Bach (pt) Бах, Иоганн Себастьян (ru) Johann Sebastian Bach (sv) 约翰·塞巴斯蒂安·巴赫 (zh) Йоганн Себастьян Бах (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:List_of_chorale_harmonisations_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:List_of_compositions_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:List_of_chamber_music_works_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:List_of_fugal_works_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:List_of_organ_compositions_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:List_of_secular_cantatas_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:Mass dbr:Church_cantata_(Bach) dbr:Magnificat_(Bach) dbr:St_Matthew_Passion dbr:St_John_Passion dbr:BWV_Anh. dbr:B_minor dbr:Bach_Revival dbr:Bach_cantata dbr:Passions dbr:Latin dbr:Biographies_of_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:Oratorios dbr:List_of_solo_keyboard_compositions_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach dbr:Bach's_church_music dbr:List_of_masses dbr:Oratorios_by_Johann_Sebastian_Bach |
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| foaf:name | Johann Sebastian Bach (en) |
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| is dbp:allWriting of | dbr:Switched-On_Bach |
| is dbp:catalogue of | dbr:Meine_Seele_rühmt_und_preist,_BWV_189 |
| is dbp:composer of | dbr:Schmücke_dich,_o_liebe_Seele,_BWV_180 dbr:Schweigt_stille,_plaudert_nicht,_BWV_211 dbr:Bleib_bei_uns,_denn_es_will_Abend_werden,_BWV_6 dbr:Brandenburg_(ballet) dbr:Brandenburg_Concertos dbr:Delores_Ziegler dbr:Und_es_waren_Hirten_in_derselben_Gegend,_BWV_248_II dbr:Vereinigte_Zwietracht_der_wechselnden_Saiten,_BWV_207 dbr:Vergnügte_Ruh,_beliebte_Seelenlust,_BWV_170 dbr:Violin_Concerto_in_A_minor_(Bach) dbr:O_holder_Tag,_erwünschte_Zeit,_BWV_210 dbr:Mein_Herze_schwimmt_im_Blut,_BWV_199 dbr:Meine_Seel_erhebt_den_Herren,_BWV_10 dbr:Christ_unser_Herr_zum_Jordan_kam,_BWV_7 dbr:Entfernet_euch,_ihr_heitern_Sterne,_BWV_Anh._9 dbr:Fürchte_dich_nicht,_BWV_228 dbr:Geist_und_Seele_wird_verwirret,_BWV_35 dbr:Gott,_man_lobet_dich_in_der_Stille,_BWV_120 dbr:Gott_fähret_auf_mit_Jauchzen,_BWV_43 dbr:Gott_soll_allein_mein_Herze_haben,_BWV_169 dbr:Brandenburg_Concerto_No._5 dbr:Nach_dir,_Herr,_verlanget_mich,_BWV_150 dbr:Concerto_Barocco dbr:Liebster_Gott,_wenn_werd_ich_sterben,_BWV_8 dbr:Lobe_den_Herrn,_meine_Seele,_BWV_69 dbr:Lobe_den_Herrn,_meine_Seele,_BWV_69a dbr:Mache_dich,_mein_Geist,_bereit,_BWV_115 dbr:Magnificat_in_E-flat_major,_BWV_243a dbr:Siehe,_ich_will_viel_Fischer_aussenden,_BWV_88 dbr:Siehe_zu,_daß_deine_Gottesfurcht_nicht_Heuchelei_sei,_BWV_179 dbr:Sinfonia_in_D_major,_BWV_1045 dbr:Singet_dem_Herrn_ein_neues_Lied,_BWV_190a dbr:Zerreißet,_zersprenget,_zertrümmert_die_Gruft,_BWV_205 dbr:Ave_Maria_(Bach/Gounod) dbr:Cello_Suites_(Bach) dbr:Tönet,_ihr_Pauken!_Erschallet,_Trompeten!_BWV_214 dbr:Wachet_auf,_ruft_uns_die_Stimme,_BWV_140 dbr:Was_Gott_tut,_das_ist_wohlgetan,_BWV_100 dbr:Was_Gott_tut,_das_ist_wohlgetan,_BWV_99 dbr:Was_frag_ich_nach_der_Welt,_BWV_94 dbr:Was_mir_behagt,_ist_nur_die_muntre_Jagd,_BWV_208 dbr:Was_soll_ich_aus_dir_machen,_Ephraim,_BWV_89 dbr:Weichet_nur,_betrübte_Schatten,_BWV_202 dbr:Weinen,_Klagen,_Sorgen,_Zagen,_BWV_12 dbr:Wer_da_gläubet_und_getauft_wird,_BWV_37 dbr:Wer_mich_liebet,_der_wird_mein_Wort_halten,_BWV_74 dbr:Wer_nur_den_lieben_Gott_läßt_walten,_BWV_93 dbr:Wer_weiß,_wie_nahe_mir_mein_Ende?_BWV_27 dbr:Widerstehe_doch_der_Sünde,_BWV_54 dbr:Wie_schön_leuchtet_der_Morgenstern,_BWV_1 dbr:Wir_müssen_durch_viel_Trübsal,_BWV_146 dbr:A_Suite_of_Dances dbr:Ach,_lieben_Christen,_seid_getrost,_BWV_114 dbr:Ach_Gott,_vom_Himmel_sieh_darein,_BWV_2 dbr:Ach_Gott,_wie_manches_Herzeleid,_BWV_3 dbr:Ach_Herr,_mich_armen_Sünder,_BWV_135 dbr:Allein_zu_dir,_Herr_Jesu_Christ,_BWV_33 dbr:Du_Friedefürst,_Herr_Jesu_Christ,_BWV_116 dbr:Erforsche_mich,_Gott,_und_erfahre_mein_Herz,_BWV_136 dbr:Erfreut_euch,_ihr_Herzen,_BWV_66 dbr:Es_ist_das_Heil_uns_kommen_her,_BWV_9 dbr:Es_ist_dir_gesagt,_Mensch,_was_gut_ist,_BWV_45 dbr:Es_wartet_alles_auf_dich,_BWV_187 dbr:Fallt_mit_Danken,_fallt_mit_Loben,_BWV_248_IV dbr:Nimm_von_uns,_Herr,_du_treuer_Gott,_BWV_101 dbr:Halt_im_Gedächtnis_Jesum_Christ,_BWV_67 dbr:Herr,_deine_Augen_sehen_nach_dem_Glauben,_BWV_102 dbr:Herr,_gehe_nicht_ins_Gericht_mit_deinem_Knecht,_BWV_105 dbr:Herr,_wie_du_willt,_so_schicks_mit_mir,_BWV_73 dbr:Herr_Christ,_der_einge_Gottessohn,_BWV_96 dbr:Herr_Gott,_dich_loben_alle_wir,_BWV_130 dbr:Herr_Jesu_Christ,_du_höchstes_Gut,_BWV_113 dbr:Herrscher_des_Himmels,_erhöre_das_Lallen,_BWV_248_III dbr:Herz_und_Mund_und_Tat_und_Leben,_BWV_147a dbr:It's_the_Easter_Beagle,_Charlie_Brown dbr:Jauchzet,_frohlocket!_Auf,_preiset_die_Tage,_BWV_248_I dbr:Jauchzet_Gott_in_allen_Landen,_BWV_51 dbr:The_Goldberg_Variations_(ballet) dbr:Jesu,_der_du_meine_Seele,_BWV_78 dbr:Jesus_schläft,_was_soll_ich_hoffen?_BWV_81 dbr:Laß,_Fürstin,_laß_noch_einen_Strahl,_BWV_198 dbr:Laßt_uns_sorgen,_laßt_uns_wachen,_BWV_213 dbr:Herr_Gott,_Beherrscher_aller_Dinge,_BWV_120a dbr:Die_Zeit,_die_Tag_und_Jahre_macht,_BWV_134a dbr:Marga_Schiml_discography dbr:Ich_elender_Mensch,_wer_wird_mich_erlösen,_BWV_48 dbr:Ich_glaube,_lieber_Herr,_hilf_meinem_Unglauben,_BWV_109 dbr:Ich_habe_genug,_BWV_82 dbr:Ich_habe_meine_Zuversicht,_BWV_188 dbr:Ich_lasse_dich_nicht,_BWV_1164 dbr:Ich_lasse_dich_nicht,_du_segnest_mich_denn,_BWV_157 dbr:Ihr_Tore_zu_Zion,_BWV_193 dbr:Komm,_du_süße_Todesstunde,_BWV_161 dbr:Mer_hahn_en_neue_Oberkeet,_BWV_212 dbr:O_Ewigkeit,_du_Donnerwort,_BWV_20 dbr:O_Ewigkeit,_du_Donnerwort,_BWV_60 dbr:O_angenehme_Melodei,_BWV_210a dbr:Sei_Lob_und_Preis_mit_Ehren,_BWV_28/2a dbr:Wo_Gott_der_Herr_nicht_bei_uns_hält,_BWV_178 dbr:Wo_soll_ich_fliehen_hin,_BWV_5 dbr:Wohl_dem,_der_sich_auf_seinen_Gott,_BWV_139 dbr:Violin_Concerto_in_E_major_(Bach) dbr:Sei_gegrüßet,_Jesu_gütig,_BWV_768 |
| is dbp:discipline of | dbr:Bach_(journal) |
| is dbp:eponym of | dbr:Bach_(crater) |
| is dbp:extra of | dbr:A_Certain_Magical_Index:_The_Movie_–_The_Miracle_of_Endymion dbr:Jobs_(film) dbr:Swing_Kids_(2018_film) dbr:If_I_Stay_(soundtrack) |
| is dbp:genre of | dbr:The_WQXR_All-Day_Bach_Organ_Marathon |
| is dbp:music of | dbr:Camille_Claudel_1915 dbr:Rita_Dove:_An_American_Poet dbr:Cries_and_Whispers dbr:Melinda_and_Melinda dbr:Emerson,_Lake_&_Palmer_(album) dbr:Music_of_Neon_Genesis_Evangelion dbr:The_Sacrifice_(1986_film) dbr:Arakajime_Ushinawareta_Bokura_no_Ballad dbr:Through_a_Glass_Darkly_(film) dbr:A_Shape_of_Light dbr:Accattone dbr:Dr._Jekyll_and_Mr._Hyde_(1931_film) dbr:Earthquake_in_Chile_(film) dbr:Night_of_Hunters dbr:Die_Tunisreise dbr:Histoire(s)_du_cinéma dbr:It_Ain't_Like_in_the_Movies_at_All dbr:Habanera_(John_Harle_album) dbr:Bach's_Fight_for_Freedom dbr:The_Chronicle_of_Anna_Magdalena_Bach dbr:The_Garden_of_Desires dbr:Polaris_(Stratovarius_album) dbr:Some_Dreams dbr:World_Tour_1980 dbr:Sweet_Bunch |
| is dbp:note of | dbr:Premonition_(Tony_MacAlpine_album) dbr:Electric_Sea dbr:Morning_Glory_(2010_film) dbr:The_Mark_of_the_Angels_–_Miserere dbr:The_Other_Side_(Tord_Gustavsen_album) dbr:Love_Story_(1970_film) |
| is dbp:people of | dbr:Divi_Blasii |
| is dbp:spouse of | dbr:Anna_Magdalena_Bach |
| is dbp:themeMusicComposer of | dbr:Firing_Line_(TV_program) |
| is dbp:writer of | dbr:Call_Me_by_Your_Name:_Original_Motion_Picture_Soundtrack dbr:On_a_Day... dbr:Barry_Lyndon dbr:Boogie_Nights dbr:Detours_(film) dbr:Home_for_Christmas_(Amy_Grant_album) dbr:Josh_Groban_(album) dbr:Joy:_A_Holiday_Collection dbr:Una_parte_di_me_(Amaury_Vassili_album) dbr:Voyager_Golden_Record dbr:When_Words_Fail dbr:100_Years_of_Nine_Lessons_and_Carols dbr:Conversations_with_Christian dbr:Christmas_(Rebecca_St._James_album) dbr:Christmas_Portrait dbr:Christmas_Together_(The_Piano_Guys_album) dbr:Collateral_(film) dbr:Encore_(Russell_Watson_album) dbr:Fuzz_Universe dbr:Good_Night,_Dear_Lord dbr:Moonlight_Shadow:_The_Collection dbr:The_Piano_Guys_2 dbr:This_Christmas,_Aretha dbr:Laced/Unlaced dbr:Apoptosis_(album) dbr:Letters_from_the_Labyrinth dbr:Live_Sentence dbr:Styx_II dbr:BAO_på_turné dbr:Three_Stories_by_Eldar_Djangirov dbr:Time_Odyssey_(album) dbr:To_End_All_Wars dbr:Tour_de_Force_(Bola_Sete_album) dbr:Two_Worlds_(Lee_Ritenour_and_Dave_Grusin_album) dbr:Tár_(Music_from_and_Inspired_by_the_Motion_Picture) dbr:Walking_Shadows dbr:Walt_Disney_Records:_The_Legacy_Collection dbr:Winter_Song_(John_Tesh_album) dbr:A_Romantic_Christmas dbr:Act_I:_Live_in_Rosario dbr:Alphabet_(Amanda_Lear_song) dbr:Celtic_Woman_(album) dbr:Henkäys_ikuisuudesta dbr:Inventions_(album) dbr:The_Christmas_Attic dbr:L.A._(Light_Album) dbr:Land_of_the_Midnight_Sun_(album) dbr:Ave_Maria_–_En_Plein_Air dbr:Icon_(Mike_Oldfield_album) dbr:Opheliac dbr:Shame_(2011_film) dbr:Shazam_(album) dbr:Walking_in_the_Air_(Chloë_Agnew_album) dbr:The_Fabelmans_(soundtrack) |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Schloss_Köthen dbr:Magnificat_(Bach) |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:Johann_Sebastian_Bach |
