Rabbinic literature (original) (raw)

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La literatura rabínica és el conjunt d'obres, escrites generalment en hebreu i arameu, que recull les opinions i comentaris dels rabins més destacats. Dins la literatura rabínica, hi ha dues vessants principals, una de les quals és l'halacà, de caràcter normatiu, i l'altra és l'aggadà, de caràcter no normatiu.

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dbo:abstract La literatura rabínica és el conjunt d'obres, escrites generalment en hebreu i arameu, que recull les opinions i comentaris dels rabins més destacats. Dins la literatura rabínica, hi ha dues vessants principals, una de les quals és l'halacà, de caràcter normatiu, i l'altra és l'aggadà, de caràcter no normatiu. (ca) Rabbinische Literatur umfasst im weitesten Sinne das gesamte Spektrum religiöser Schriften jüdischer Gelehrter seit der Entstehung des rabbinischen Judentums ab 70 n. Chr. bis heute. Allerdings wird der Ausdruck oft als genaue Entsprechung des hebräischen Begriffes Sifrut Chasal (ספרות חז"ל; „Literatur [unserer] Weisen, gesegneten Angedenkens“) verwendet, was sich speziell auf die Literatur der talmudischen Ära bezieht. In diesem spezifischeren Sinne wird der Begriff normalerweise in mittelalterlichen und modernen rabbinischen Schriften benutzt (wo Chasal sich in der Regel nur auf die Weisen der talmudischen Ära bezieht) und auch in zeitgenössischen akademischen Schriften (wo mit „rabbinischer Literatur“ der Talmud, Midraschim und verwandte Schriften gemeint sind, aber kaum jemals spätere Werke). Dieser Artikel behandelt rabbinische Literatur in beiden Bedeutungen. Er beginnt mit der klassischen rabbinischen Literatur der talmudischen Ära (Sifrut Chasal) und fügt dann einen breiten Überblick über die rabbinischen Schriften späterer Perioden hinzu. Die Begriffe Meforschim oder Parschanim werden auch in modernen Jeschiwot (Talmudhochschulen) verwendet und bedeuten dort „rabbinische Kommentare der Kommentatoren“, siehe unten für nähere Erläuterung. (de) La literatura rabínica es el conjunto de obras, escritas generalmente en hebreo y arameo, que recoge las opiniones y comentarios de los rabinos más destacados. Dentro de la literatura rabínica hay dos corrientes principales: La Halajá, de carácter normativo, y la Agadá, de carácter no normativo.​​ (es) La littérature rabbinique comprend tout ce qui fut écrit par les rabbins du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Les Juifs distinguent traditionnellement la Sifrout 'Hazal (« littérature de nos Sages, de mémoire bénie »), couvrant la période d'élaboration de la Mishna à la clôture du Talmud, des écrits rabbiniques ultérieurs, la littérature rabbinique proprement dite. La définition académique du terme n'inclut à l'inverse que le Talmud, le Midrash et œuvres satellites, et exclut les œuvres de composition plus tardive. (fr) Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history. However, the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the Hebrew term Sifrut Chazal (Hebrew: ספרות חז״ל "Literature [of our] sages," where Hazal normally refers only to the sages of the Talmudic era). This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmudim, Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms meforshim and parshanim (commentaries/commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblical and Talmudic texts. (en) Literatur rabinik (‘’’Sastra rabinik’’’), dalam arti luas, dapat berarti keseluruhan tulisan rabinik dalam sejarah Yudaisme atau kepercayaan Yahudi. Namun, istilah ini sering kali secara khusus merujuk kepada literatur dari era Talmudik, tidak termasuk tulisan rabinik abad pertengahan maupun modern, dan karenanya sesuai dengan istilah bahasa Ibrani Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literatur orang bijak [kami yang] terpuji kenangannya," di mana Hazal biasanya merujuk hanya kepada orang bijak dari era Talmudik). Ini merupakan makna khusus "Literatur Rabinik"—merujuk kepada Talmudim, Midrash (bahasa Ibrani: מדרש);, dan tulisan-tulisan terkait, tetapi jarang meliputi teks-teks kemudian—biasanya memang dimaksudkan dalam penulisan akademik kontemporer. Sebaliknya, istilah-istilah meforshim dan parshanim (komentari/komentator) hampir selalu merujuk kepada yang kemudian, yaitu penulis-penulis pasca-Talmudik yang membahas teks-teks Alkitab dan Talmudik. Di sini dibahas kedua makna literatur rabinik, mulai dari literatur rabinik klasik dari era Talmudik (Sifrut Hazal), kemudian ditambah survei luas tulisan-tulisan rabinik dari periode-periode kemudian. (in) ラビ文献（ラビぶんけん）は、『ブロックハウスとエフロンのユダヤ百科事典』によると、タルムードの時代から現在までに至る、ユダヤ人の立法と儀式の発展に貢献した、口伝律法が記述されているユダヤ人のハラーハー文献。聖書釈義文献と法典化文献に大別される。 (ja) 랍비 문학(Rabbinic literature)이란 넓은 의미에서 전체 유태인의 역사를 통하여 모아진 모든 작품이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이 용어는 종종 중세와 현대 랍비 문학과 반대되는 탈무드 시대의 문학에 특별히 언급된다. 특별한 점에에서 랍비 문학이란 탈무드, 미드라쉬이다. (ko) Letteratura rabbinica, in senso lato, può indicare l'intera gamma di scritti rabbinici nel corso di tutta la storia dell'ebraismo rabbinico. Però spesso il termine si riferisce specificamente all'era Talmudica, opposta alle opere medievali e moderne, e quindi corrisponde al termine ebraico Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Letteratura [dei nostri] saggi [di] beata memoria", ove Hazal normalmente sta a significare solo quei saggi dell'era talmudica). In questo senso più specifico di "Letteratura rabbinica" — con riferimento ai Talmudim, Midrash e rispettive scritture, ma quasi mai a testi successivi — il termine viene usato e citato nella letteratura accademica contemporanea e nelle bibliografie moderne. D'altra parte, i termini meforshim e parshanim (commentari/commentatori) quasi sempre si riferiscono a scrittori post-talmudici successivi, che hanno apportato glosse rabbiniche su testi biblici e talmudici. Questa voce tratta della letteratura rabbinica in entrambi i sensi. Inizia con la letteratura rabbinica classica dell'Era Talmudica (Sifrut Hazal) e continua poi con una rassegna di scritti rabbinici dei periodi posteriori.l (it) De Rabbijnse literatuur is een zeer uitgebreide collectie van commentaren, codes, mystiek, vragen en antwoorden en zelfs poëzie, geschreven voornamelijk door rabbijnen vanaf de 4e eeuw v.Chr. tot heden ten dage. Alle werken zijn een interpretatie van of commentaar op de Tenach, ook weleens de "Hebreeuwse Bijbel" genoemd, inclusief (soms) de apocriefe boeken. In dit artikel staat een globaal overzicht van de hoofdwerken uit deze literatuur. (nl) Literatura rabínica, no seu sentido mais abrangente, pode se referir a todo o espectro de escritos rabínicos ao longo da história do judaísmo. O termo também se refere, mais especificamente, à literatura da era talmúdica, em oposição à literatura rabínica medieval e moderna, e por isso corresponde ao termo hebraico Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literatura [de nossos] sábios [de] abençoada memória", onde Hazal normalmente se refere apenas aos sábios da era talmúdica). Este sentido mais específico de "literatura rabínica" — referindo-se aos Talmudim, ao Midrash, e outros escritos relacionados, porém quase nunca a textos posteriores — é como o termo geralmente é utilizado na literatura acadêmica contemporânea. Por outro lado, os termos meforshim e parshanim ("comentários" / "comentaristas") quase sempre se referem a escritores posteriores, pós-talmúdicos, autores de glosas rabínicas sobre os textos bíblicos e talmúdicos. Este artigo discute a literatura rabínica em ambos os sentidos do termo. Começa com a literatura rabínica clássica da era talmúdica (Sifrut Hazal), e acrescenta um amplo panorama dos escritos rabínicos de períodos posteriores. (pt) Rabbinsk litteratur, i bred bemärkelse, kan sägas innefatta alla rabbinska skrifter under den judiska historien. Ofta avses dock rabbinlitteraturen från Talmuderan, det vill säga inte rabbinlitteraturen från medeltiden och inte heller mer moderna rabbinska skrifter. Särskilt gäller detta inom den akademiska forskningen. Begreppet rabbinsk litteratur motsvarar då det hebreiska begreppet Sifrut Hazal (hebreiska: ספרות חז"ל). (sv) Раввинская литература — согласно «ЕЭБЕ»: еврейская галахическая литература, вся письменность устной традиции, начиная с эпохи заключения Талмуда по настоящее время, посвящённая разработке еврейского законодательства и ритуала. Подразделяется на: 1/ экзегетическую литературу и 2/ кодификационную литературу. (ru)
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rdfs:comment La literatura rabínica és el conjunt d'obres, escrites generalment en hebreu i arameu, que recull les opinions i comentaris dels rabins més destacats. Dins la literatura rabínica, hi ha dues vessants principals, una de les quals és l'halacà, de caràcter normatiu, i l'altra és l'aggadà, de caràcter no normatiu. (ca) La literatura rabínica es el conjunto de obras, escritas generalmente en hebreo y arameo, que recoge las opiniones y comentarios de los rabinos más destacados. Dentro de la literatura rabínica hay dos corrientes principales: La Halajá, de carácter normativo, y la Agadá, de carácter no normativo.​​ (es) La littérature rabbinique comprend tout ce qui fut écrit par les rabbins du Moyen Âge à nos jours. Les Juifs distinguent traditionnellement la Sifrout 'Hazal (« littérature de nos Sages, de mémoire bénie »), couvrant la période d'élaboration de la Mishna à la clôture du Talmud, des écrits rabbiniques ultérieurs, la littérature rabbinique proprement dite. La définition académique du terme n'inclut à l'inverse que le Talmud, le Midrash et œuvres satellites, et exclut les œuvres de composition plus tardive. (fr) ラビ文献（ラビぶんけん）は、『ブロックハウスとエフロンのユダヤ百科事典』によると、タルムードの時代から現在までに至る、ユダヤ人の立法と儀式の発展に貢献した、口伝律法が記述されているユダヤ人のハラーハー文献。聖書釈義文献と法典化文献に大別される。 (ja) 랍비 문학(Rabbinic literature)이란 넓은 의미에서 전체 유태인의 역사를 통하여 모아진 모든 작품이라고 할 수 있다. 그러나 이 용어는 종종 중세와 현대 랍비 문학과 반대되는 탈무드 시대의 문학에 특별히 언급된다. 특별한 점에에서 랍비 문학이란 탈무드, 미드라쉬이다. (ko) De Rabbijnse literatuur is een zeer uitgebreide collectie van commentaren, codes, mystiek, vragen en antwoorden en zelfs poëzie, geschreven voornamelijk door rabbijnen vanaf de 4e eeuw v.Chr. tot heden ten dage. Alle werken zijn een interpretatie van of commentaar op de Tenach, ook weleens de "Hebreeuwse Bijbel" genoemd, inclusief (soms) de apocriefe boeken. In dit artikel staat een globaal overzicht van de hoofdwerken uit deze literatuur. (nl) Rabbinsk litteratur, i bred bemärkelse, kan sägas innefatta alla rabbinska skrifter under den judiska historien. Ofta avses dock rabbinlitteraturen från Talmuderan, det vill säga inte rabbinlitteraturen från medeltiden och inte heller mer moderna rabbinska skrifter. Särskilt gäller detta inom den akademiska forskningen. Begreppet rabbinsk litteratur motsvarar då det hebreiska begreppet Sifrut Hazal (hebreiska: ספרות חז"ל). (sv) Раввинская литература — согласно «ЕЭБЕ»: еврейская галахическая литература, вся письменность устной традиции, начиная с эпохи заключения Талмуда по настоящее время, посвящённая разработке еврейского законодательства и ритуала. Подразделяется на: 1/ экзегетическую литературу и 2/ кодификационную литературу. (ru) Rabbinische Literatur umfasst im weitesten Sinne das gesamte Spektrum religiöser Schriften jüdischer Gelehrter seit der Entstehung des rabbinischen Judentums ab 70 n. Chr. bis heute. Allerdings wird der Ausdruck oft als genaue Entsprechung des hebräischen Begriffes Sifrut Chasal (ספרות חז"ל; „Literatur [unserer] Weisen, gesegneten Angedenkens“) verwendet, was sich speziell auf die Literatur der talmudischen Ära bezieht. In diesem spezifischeren Sinne wird der Begriff normalerweise in mittelalterlichen und modernen rabbinischen Schriften benutzt (wo Chasal sich in der Regel nur auf die Weisen der talmudischen Ära bezieht) und auch in zeitgenössischen akademischen Schriften (wo mit „rabbinischer Literatur“ der Talmud, Midraschim und verwandte Schriften gemeint sind, aber kaum jemals spätere (de) Literatur rabinik (‘’’Sastra rabinik’’’), dalam arti luas, dapat berarti keseluruhan tulisan rabinik dalam sejarah Yudaisme atau kepercayaan Yahudi. Namun, istilah ini sering kali secara khusus merujuk kepada literatur dari era Talmudik, tidak termasuk tulisan rabinik abad pertengahan maupun modern, dan karenanya sesuai dengan istilah bahasa Ibrani Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literatur orang bijak [kami yang] terpuji kenangannya," di mana Hazal biasanya merujuk hanya kepada orang bijak dari era Talmudik). Ini merupakan makna khusus "Literatur Rabinik"—merujuk kepada Talmudim, Midrash (bahasa Ibrani: מדרש);, dan tulisan-tulisan terkait, tetapi jarang meliputi teks-teks kemudian—biasanya memang dimaksudkan dalam penulisan akademik kontemporer. Sebaliknya, istilah-istilah meforshim dan parshan (in) Rabbinic literature, in its broadest sense, is the entire spectrum of rabbinic writings throughout Jewish history. However, the term often refers specifically to literature from the Talmudic era, as opposed to medieval and modern rabbinic writing, and thus corresponds with the Hebrew term Sifrut Chazal (Hebrew: ספרות חז״ל "Literature [of our] sages," where Hazal normally refers only to the sages of the Talmudic era). This more specific sense of "Rabbinic literature"—referring to the Talmudim, Midrash (Hebrew: מדרש), and related writings, but hardly ever to later texts—is how the term is generally intended when used in contemporary academic writing. The terms meforshim and parshanim (commentaries/commentators) almost always refer to later, post-Talmudic writers of rabbinic glosses on Biblic (en) Letteratura rabbinica, in senso lato, può indicare l'intera gamma di scritti rabbinici nel corso di tutta la storia dell'ebraismo rabbinico. Però spesso il termine si riferisce specificamente all'era Talmudica, opposta alle opere medievali e moderne, e quindi corrisponde al termine ebraico Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Letteratura [dei nostri] saggi [di] beata memoria", ove Hazal normalmente sta a significare solo quei saggi dell'era talmudica). (it) Literatura rabínica, no seu sentido mais abrangente, pode se referir a todo o espectro de escritos rabínicos ao longo da história do judaísmo. O termo também se refere, mais especificamente, à literatura da era talmúdica, em oposição à literatura rabínica medieval e moderna, e por isso corresponde ao termo hebraico Sifrut Hazal (ספרות חז"ל; "Literatura [de nossos] sábios [de] abençoada memória", onde Hazal normalmente se refere apenas aos sábios da era talmúdica). Este sentido mais específico de "literatura rabínica" — referindo-se aos Talmudim, ao Midrash, e outros escritos relacionados, porém quase nunca a textos posteriores — é como o termo geralmente é utilizado na literatura acadêmica contemporânea. Por outro lado, os termos meforshim e parshanim ("comentários" / "comentaristas") quas (pt)
rdfs:label Rabbinic literature (en) Literatura rabínica (ca) Rabbinische Literatur (de) Literatura rabínica (es) Literatur Rabinik (in) Letteratura rabbinica (it) Littérature rabbinique (fr) 랍비 문학 (ko) ラビ文献 (ja) Rabbijnse literatuur (nl) Literatura rabínica (pt) Раввинская литература (ru) Rabbinsk litteratur (sv)
rdfs:seeAlso dbr:Judaism dbr:Chazal dbr:History_of_responsa
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