Malaysian Chinese (original) (raw)
- صينيو ماليزيا وهم ألذين ينحدرون من أصول صينية، معظمهم من قومية الهان ويشكلون نسبة 24% من سكان ماليزيا أي حوالي 6,960,900 وهم ثاني أكبر عرقية في ماليزيا بعد الملايو وقد جائوا إلى ماليزيا عن طريق موجات متعاقبة، يتواجد أغلبهم في المدن الكبرى مثل بينانق وكوالالمبور وجوهر وفيرق وسلاغور وملقا، يتكلمون بماندراين الماليزية وصينية يؤ ولهجات محلية أخرى بالإضافة للالإنجليزية ولغة الملايو يعتنقون الماهايانا البوذية والطاوية والمسيحية وبشكل أقل الإسلام والهندوسية واللادينية، كان للصينيين دور كبير في نهضة ماليزيا الكبرى، حيث أنهم أصبحوا يتحكمون ب70% من مخزون الاقتصاد الماليزي، ويمثلون ثروة وطنية عالية من حيث الثقافة. (ar)
- On appelle « Chinois de Malaisie », en malaisien « Orang Cina Malaysia », un Malaisien d’origine chinoise. On utilise également l'expression « Sino-Malaisien ». La plupart d’entre eux sont les descendants des Chinois qui sont arrivés entre le XVe siècle et le milieu du XXe siècle. En Malaisie, ils sont appelés des « Chinois » dans toutes les langues. Le terme « sino-malaisien » est souvent utilisé pour faire référence à cette communauté. (fr)
- Malaysian Chinese (simplified Chinese: 马来西亚华人; traditional Chinese: 馬來西亞華人; Malay: Orang Cina Malaysia), alternatively Chinese Malaysians, are Malaysian citizens of Han Chinese descent. They form the second largest ethnic group after the Malay majority constituting 22.4% of the Malaysian population. Most of them are descendants of Southern Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia between the early 19th century and the mid-20th century. Malaysian Chinese form the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world, after Thai Chinese. Malaysian Chinese are traditionally dominant in the business sector of the Malaysian economy. The ethnic subgroups of Chinese people in Malaysia include the Hokkien, Cantonese, Hakka, Teochew, Hainan, Foochow and Kwongsai. Different Chinese languages are spoken in Malaysian towns and cities. Among them are Cantonese in Kuala Lumpur, Ipoh, Kuantan, Seremban, Mersing, Kampar, Petaling Jaya and Sandakan, Hokkien in George Town, Alor Setar, Kangar, Klang, Taiping, Kota Bharu and Kuching, Hakka in Kota Kinabalu and Tawau, Teochew in Johor Bahru, Keningau, and Tenom, Foochow in Sibu, Miri and Sitiawan, and Hainanese in Kuala Terengganu and Papar. However, Mandarin is now widely used as a working language or lingua franca among the different Chinese ethnicities, particularly in younger generations. Most Malaysian Chinese have maintained their Chinese heritage, including their diverse mother tongues. However, the descendants of the earliest Chinese migrants who arrived between the 13th and 17th centuries have assimilated aspects of the indigenous Malay cultures and formed distinct sub-ethnic groups, such as the Peranakans in Kelantan and Terengganu, Baba-Nyonya in Malacca and Penang, and the Sino-Natives in Sabah. The Malaysian Chinese are usually referred to as simply "Chinese" in Malaysian English, "Orang Cina" in Malay, "Sina" or "Kina" among indigenous groups in Borneo, "Cīṉar" (சீனர்) in Tamil, and "Huaren" (華人/华人, Chinese people) or "Huaqiao" (華僑/华侨, Overseas Chinese) in Mandarin by the local Chinese themselves. Although the Malaysian Chinese population is increasing in every census, the proportion of ethnic Chinese among the country's total population has been consistently declining due to a lower birth rate and high emigration rate in recent decades. According to a report by the World Bank, the Malaysian diaspora around the world in 2010 included around a million people; most of them were ethnic Chinese. Their main reasons for emigrating are that there are better economic and career prospects abroad, and a sense of social injustice within Malaysia, which has institutionalised racial policies in place. The large number of emigrants, many of whom are often young with education or skills, constitutes a significant brain drain from the country, especially towards the country's immediate neighbour Singapore. (en)
- Tionghoa Malaysia (Bahasa Malaysia: Orang Cina Malaysia) adalah orang Tionghoa yang menjadi warga negara Malaysia. Sebagian besar dari mereka adalah keturunan pendatang dari Tiongkok yang tiba di Malaysia sekitar abad ke-15 hingga pertengahan abad ke-20. Di Malaysia, kaum ini disebut sebagai "orang Cina". Istilah Orang Cina Malaysia agak jarang dipakai di negara ini. Total penduduk Tionghoa di Malaysia sekitar 7.500.000 jiwa. * * * * * (in)
- I cino-malesi (Bahasa Malaysia: Kaum Cina Malaysia; Cinese: trad 馬來西亞華人, simp 马来西亚华人, pin Mǎláixīyà Huárén) sono malesi di origine cinese di etnia Han. La maggior parte arrivò tra l'inizio e la metà del XX secolo. I cino-malesi sono la terza comunità cinese al mondo dopo la Thailandia e l'Indonesia. In Malaysia, si fa riferimento solamente come "cinesi" e rappresentano il secondo maggior gruppo etnico dopo i malesi. Nel 2010, approssimativamente 6.960.000 malesi, quasi un quarto della popolazione, si autoidentifica come cinese. Vi sono state tre ondate nel corso della storia di immigrazione cinese. (it)
- 말레이시아 화인(- 華人, 말레이어: Orang Cina Malaysia, 중국어: 馬來西亞華人 마래서아화인[*]) 또는 중화계 말레이시아인(中華系 - 人, 영어: Malaysians of Chinese origin)은 15세기부터 20세기까지 말레이시아에 유입된 화인 사회를 일컫는다. 출신지는 주로 푸젠성, 광둥성, 광시 성, 하이난성 등이며, 총인구는 2010년 기준으로 약 696만명으로, 말레이시아 인구의 24.6%를 구성하며, 쿠알라룸푸르같은 대도시 지역에서는 인구의 과반을 구성하기도 한다. 종교는 불교가 다수이지만 도교, 기독교, 가톨릭교등 믿는 사람도 있다. 모국어로 민난어, 광둥어, 하카어 등을 쓰지만 중국어 역시 널리 쓰인다. 광둥어는 주로 쿠알라룸푸르 중심으로해서 말레이시아 반도 중부에서 많이 쓰이고 민난어는 페낭을 포함해 말레이시아 반도 북쪽에서 많이 쓰인다. 하카어는 말레이시아 동쪽 보르네오 섬에 있는 사바주의 코타키나발루에서 많이 쓰인다. 말레이시아 반도 남쪽에 있는 조호르바루 중심으로 조주어 많이 쓰이지만 싱가포르 정부 주도 한 "만다린 쓰기 운동" 영향을 받아 만다린만을 주로 사용하고 있다. 이 이외에도 모국어로 영어를 쓰는 중국계도 꽤 있는 편이다. 국어인 말레이어 역시 학교에서 배우나 모국어로 쓰는 경우는 극히 드물다. (ko)
- De Chinezen in Maleisië maken 33% deel uit van de Maleisische bevolking en ze zijn de rijkste etnische groep in Maleisië. Zij zijn soms al de tiende generatie in Maleisië. De andere twee grote bevolkingsgroepen in Maleisië zijn de autochtone Maleisiërs en Indiase Maleisiërs. Ze hebben ervoor gezorgd dat Maleisië nu een van de rijkere landen van Zuidoost-Azië is. Maar desondanks worden Chinese Maleisiërs tot nu toe nog steeds als tweederangsburgers behandeld door de Maleisische overheid. De armoede onder de autochtone Maleisiërs is groot, waardoor hun jaloezie op rijke Chinese Maleisiërs alleen maar groter wordt. (nl)
- Chińczycy w Malezji – obywatele Malezji pochodzenia chińskiego. Pojęcie to obejmuje również Peranakanów, czyli Chińczyków, którzy posługują się jako ojczystym językiem malajskim, zachowując wszelako kulturę chińską, oraz tzw. , czyli mieszkańców prowincji Sabah i Sarawak pochodzenia mieszanego, chińsko-malajskiego. (pl)
- Китайцы в Малайзии — совокупность национальных, языковых и культурно-религиозных групп китайского происхождения в федерации Малайзия. Общая численность — 6 960 900 человек или 24,6 % из 27,73 млн жителей страны (июнь 2010 г., оценка). Большая часть китайцев страны — это потомки переселенцев из Китая XIX — первой половины XX веков. Долгое время представляли собой так называемое доминирующее меньшинство в экономике страны, хотя со второй половины XX века положение китайского меньшинства и других некоренных малайзийцев претерпевает изменения в сторону ослабления китайского и другого нетитульного влияния. (ru)
- 馬來西亞華人也称大馬華人,是马来西亚的本地民族之一。 马来西亚华裔主体是清朝末年及民国成立後自福建、廣東、廣西和海南等地遷徙至馬來亞的移民及其後代。在馬來西亞公民中,本土华人是第二大民族,總數約有800萬人。 马来西亚华人佔马来西亚公民的23.2%,主要分佈於吉隆坡(首都)、喬治市(檳城州)、加央(玻璃市州)、亚罗士打(吉打州)、怡保(霹靂州)、新山(柔佛州)、古晉(砂拉越州)、亞庇(沙巴州)和馬六甲市(馬六甲州)等各大城市。此外,根據2010年的人口普查,華人也是首都吉隆坡的第二大民族,佔該直轄區總人口的43.2%(馬來人佔44.2%)。 (zh)
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- https://www.thestar.com.my/travel/2008/10/04/the-baba-nyonya-culture/
- https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/the-peranakans-of-terengganu
- https://catalogue.nla.gov.au/Record/2297558
- http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/282391468050059744/pdf/614830WP0malay10Box358348B01PUBLIC1.pdf
- http://documents.worldbank.org/curated/en/867961468045084833/Malaya-The-economy-of-the-federation-of-Malaya
- http://www.siamese-heritage.org/jsspdf/2011/JSS_100_0s_Khoo_ExploringSharedHistoryPreservingSharedHeritagePenangsLinksToASiamesePast.pdf
- https://www.singstat.gov.sg/docs/default-source/default-document-library/publications/publications_and_papers/cop2010/census_2010_advance_census_release/c2010acr.pdf
- https://archive.org/details/bamboonetworkhow00weid
- https://archive.org/details/endofempire00lapp
- http://www.japanesewarcrimesmalayaborneo.com/abnormal-times.html
- https://web.archive.org/web/20171006193923/http:/www.japanesewarcrimesmalayaborneo.com/abnormal-times.html
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- MY-penang-george-kek-lok-si-tempel-garten-1.jpg (en)
- Sam Poh Tong Temple.jpg (en)
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- Tian Wang Dian.jpg (en)
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- Mandarin , Malay and English as medium of communication in schools and government (en)
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- (en)
- ''' (en)
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- You can help shoulder the responsibility of saving our country by donating your money, while our comrades in our country are sacrificing their lives. (en)
- The answer [to the uprising] lies not in pouring more troops into the jungle, but in the hearts and minds of the people. (en)
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- Minority (en)
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- Mahāyāna Buddhism and Taoism • significant Christianity • Non-religious (en)
- —Sun Yat-sen at the 1910 Penang conference in the Straits Settlements of Penang (en)
- —Gerald Templer after his appointment as British High Commissioner for Malaya to deal with the 1952 Malayan Emergency (en)
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- صينيو ماليزيا وهم ألذين ينحدرون من أصول صينية، معظمهم من قومية الهان ويشكلون نسبة 24% من سكان ماليزيا أي حوالي 6,960,900 وهم ثاني أكبر عرقية في ماليزيا بعد الملايو وقد جائوا إلى ماليزيا عن طريق موجات متعاقبة، يتواجد أغلبهم في المدن الكبرى مثل بينانق وكوالالمبور وجوهر وفيرق وسلاغور وملقا، يتكلمون بماندراين الماليزية وصينية يؤ ولهجات محلية أخرى بالإضافة للالإنجليزية ولغة الملايو يعتنقون الماهايانا البوذية والطاوية والمسيحية وبشكل أقل الإسلام والهندوسية واللادينية، كان للصينيين دور كبير في نهضة ماليزيا الكبرى، حيث أنهم أصبحوا يتحكمون ب70% من مخزون الاقتصاد الماليزي، ويمثلون ثروة وطنية عالية من حيث الثقافة. (ar)
- On appelle « Chinois de Malaisie », en malaisien « Orang Cina Malaysia », un Malaisien d’origine chinoise. On utilise également l'expression « Sino-Malaisien ». La plupart d’entre eux sont les descendants des Chinois qui sont arrivés entre le XVe siècle et le milieu du XXe siècle. En Malaisie, ils sont appelés des « Chinois » dans toutes les langues. Le terme « sino-malaisien » est souvent utilisé pour faire référence à cette communauté. (fr)
- Tionghoa Malaysia (Bahasa Malaysia: Orang Cina Malaysia) adalah orang Tionghoa yang menjadi warga negara Malaysia. Sebagian besar dari mereka adalah keturunan pendatang dari Tiongkok yang tiba di Malaysia sekitar abad ke-15 hingga pertengahan abad ke-20. Di Malaysia, kaum ini disebut sebagai "orang Cina". Istilah Orang Cina Malaysia agak jarang dipakai di negara ini. Total penduduk Tionghoa di Malaysia sekitar 7.500.000 jiwa. * * * * * (in)
- 말레이시아 화인(- 華人, 말레이어: Orang Cina Malaysia, 중국어: 馬來西亞華人 마래서아화인[*]) 또는 중화계 말레이시아인(中華系 - 人, 영어: Malaysians of Chinese origin)은 15세기부터 20세기까지 말레이시아에 유입된 화인 사회를 일컫는다. 출신지는 주로 푸젠성, 광둥성, 광시 성, 하이난성 등이며, 총인구는 2010년 기준으로 약 696만명으로, 말레이시아 인구의 24.6%를 구성하며, 쿠알라룸푸르같은 대도시 지역에서는 인구의 과반을 구성하기도 한다. 종교는 불교가 다수이지만 도교, 기독교, 가톨릭교등 믿는 사람도 있다. 모국어로 민난어, 광둥어, 하카어 등을 쓰지만 중국어 역시 널리 쓰인다. 광둥어는 주로 쿠알라룸푸르 중심으로해서 말레이시아 반도 중부에서 많이 쓰이고 민난어는 페낭을 포함해 말레이시아 반도 북쪽에서 많이 쓰인다. 하카어는 말레이시아 동쪽 보르네오 섬에 있는 사바주의 코타키나발루에서 많이 쓰인다. 말레이시아 반도 남쪽에 있는 조호르바루 중심으로 조주어 많이 쓰이지만 싱가포르 정부 주도 한 "만다린 쓰기 운동" 영향을 받아 만다린만을 주로 사용하고 있다. 이 이외에도 모국어로 영어를 쓰는 중국계도 꽤 있는 편이다. 국어인 말레이어 역시 학교에서 배우나 모국어로 쓰는 경우는 극히 드물다. (ko)
- De Chinezen in Maleisië maken 33% deel uit van de Maleisische bevolking en ze zijn de rijkste etnische groep in Maleisië. Zij zijn soms al de tiende generatie in Maleisië. De andere twee grote bevolkingsgroepen in Maleisië zijn de autochtone Maleisiërs en Indiase Maleisiërs. Ze hebben ervoor gezorgd dat Maleisië nu een van de rijkere landen van Zuidoost-Azië is. Maar desondanks worden Chinese Maleisiërs tot nu toe nog steeds als tweederangsburgers behandeld door de Maleisische overheid. De armoede onder de autochtone Maleisiërs is groot, waardoor hun jaloezie op rijke Chinese Maleisiërs alleen maar groter wordt. (nl)
- Chińczycy w Malezji – obywatele Malezji pochodzenia chińskiego. Pojęcie to obejmuje również Peranakanów, czyli Chińczyków, którzy posługują się jako ojczystym językiem malajskim, zachowując wszelako kulturę chińską, oraz tzw. , czyli mieszkańców prowincji Sabah i Sarawak pochodzenia mieszanego, chińsko-malajskiego. (pl)
- Китайцы в Малайзии — совокупность национальных, языковых и культурно-религиозных групп китайского происхождения в федерации Малайзия. Общая численность — 6 960 900 человек или 24,6 % из 27,73 млн жителей страны (июнь 2010 г., оценка). Большая часть китайцев страны — это потомки переселенцев из Китая XIX — первой половины XX веков. Долгое время представляли собой так называемое доминирующее меньшинство в экономике страны, хотя со второй половины XX века положение китайского меньшинства и других некоренных малайзийцев претерпевает изменения в сторону ослабления китайского и другого нетитульного влияния. (ru)
- 馬來西亞華人也称大馬華人,是马来西亚的本地民族之一。 马来西亚华裔主体是清朝末年及民国成立後自福建、廣東、廣西和海南等地遷徙至馬來亞的移民及其後代。在馬來西亞公民中,本土华人是第二大民族,總數約有800萬人。 马来西亚华人佔马来西亚公民的23.2%,主要分佈於吉隆坡(首都)、喬治市(檳城州)、加央(玻璃市州)、亚罗士打(吉打州)、怡保(霹靂州)、新山(柔佛州)、古晉(砂拉越州)、亞庇(沙巴州)和馬六甲市(馬六甲州)等各大城市。此外,根據2010年的人口普查,華人也是首都吉隆坡的第二大民族,佔該直轄區總人口的43.2%(馬來人佔44.2%)。 (zh)
- Malaysian Chinese (simplified Chinese: 马来西亚华人; traditional Chinese: 馬來西亞華人; Malay: Orang Cina Malaysia), alternatively Chinese Malaysians, are Malaysian citizens of Han Chinese descent. They form the second largest ethnic group after the Malay majority constituting 22.4% of the Malaysian population. Most of them are descendants of Southern Chinese immigrants who arrived in Malaysia between the early 19th century and the mid-20th century. Malaysian Chinese form the second largest community of Overseas Chinese in the world, after Thai Chinese. Malaysian Chinese are traditionally dominant in the business sector of the Malaysian economy. (en)
- I cino-malesi (Bahasa Malaysia: Kaum Cina Malaysia; Cinese: trad 馬來西亞華人, simp 马来西亚华人, pin Mǎláixīyà Huárén) sono malesi di origine cinese di etnia Han. La maggior parte arrivò tra l'inizio e la metà del XX secolo. I cino-malesi sono la terza comunità cinese al mondo dopo la Thailandia e l'Indonesia. In Malaysia, si fa riferimento solamente come "cinesi" e rappresentano il secondo maggior gruppo etnico dopo i malesi. Nel 2010, approssimativamente 6.960.000 malesi, quasi un quarto della popolazione, si autoidentifica come cinese. (it)
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