African Americans (original) (raw)
Als Afroamerikaner (englisch African Americans) werden die etwa 40 Millionen Bürger der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bezeichnet, deren Vorfahren überwiegend aus dem südlich der Sahara gelegenen Teil Afrikas stammen. Die weitaus meisten von ihnen sind die Nachfahren der ca. 6,5 Millionen Menschen, die im Zuge des Atlantischen Sklavenhandels zwischen 1619 und 1808 von europäischen Menschenhändlern nach Amerika verschleppt und vor allem in der Karibik und Nordamerika als Sklaven ausgebeutet wurden. Fast 160 Jahre nach der Abschaffung der Sklaverei in den USA hat die afroamerikanische Bevölkerung des Landes weiter mit rassistisch motivierten Benachteiligungen zu kämpfen.
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| dbo:abstract | Els afroamericans estatunidencs, afrodescendents estatunidencs o negres estatunidencs són els estatunidencs negres o amb algun avantpassat negre africà, especialment si és físicament evident. N'hi ha casos excepcionals, com el líder de la NAACP, , que tenia 5 rerebesavis negres i 27 de blancs, i era blanc, ros i d'ulls clars, però s'autoconsiderava afroamericà. Els afroamericans estatunidencs es caracteritzen pel fet que la majoria dels seus avantpassats van ser portats pels europeus entre el segle xvi i xvii d'Àfrica subsahariana perquè treballessin com a esclaus en les plantacions, sobretot del sud dels Estats Units. Cal distingir els afroamericans estatunidencs dels afrodescendents estatunidencs immigrants recents, que en aquest país no són considerats com a afroamericans sinó immigrants africans dels Estats Units, que són considerats africans estatunidencs, per exemple: senegalesos estatunidencs, nigerians estatunidencs, etc. (ca) Afroameričané (anglicky African Americans nebo Black Americans) jsou etnikem Američanů, kteří mají celkový nebo částečný původ v černošských obyvatelích Afriky, a to zejména Subsaharské Afriky. Pojem obvykle označuje potomky zotročených obyvatel Afriky, následně převezených a žijících ve Spojených státech amerických. Černí- a Afroameričané tvoří třetí nejpočetnější etnikum v USA (po bílých Američanech a Američanech hispánského a latinskoamerického původu. Podle průzkumů imigračního úřadu USA se většina novodobých afrických, karibských a jihoamerických přistěhovalců neidentifikuje s označním Afroameričan. Afroamerická historie začala v 16. století, kdy došlo k odvlečení obyvatel západní Afriky do Hispanoameriky a následně v 17. století do britských kolonií v Americe a jejich zotročení. Po založení Spojených států amerických otrokářství pokračovalo. K osvobození Afroameričanů došlo až v roce 1865 po Americké občanské válce, byl přijat 13. dodatek Ústavy USA, kterým bylo otroctví zrušeno. Nicméně i poté byli kvůli udržení nadvlády bílé populace USA považováni černoši za občany druhé kategorie. Zákon o udělení občanství z roku 1790 striktně vymezoval udělení amerického občanství pouze bělošské populaci. Tímto byla ostatní etnika zkrácena na svých občanských a politických právech. Toto se začalo pozvolna měnit v éře rekonstrukce po občanské válce (1863–1877) a v důsledku účasti Afroameričanů ve všech válkách vedených USA. Po téměř celé 20. století přetrvával koncept rasové segregace, a to zejména na jihu USA. Plného občanství a občanských svobod Afroameričané nabyli ve druhé polovině 20. století, díky aktivitám a protestům Hnutí za občanská práva. V roce 2008 se stal prezidentem USA Barack Obama, který se hlásí k svému afroamerickému původu, ačkoli sám je mulat. (cs) Als Afroamerikaner (englisch African Americans) werden die etwa 40 Millionen Bürger der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bezeichnet, deren Vorfahren überwiegend aus dem südlich der Sahara gelegenen Teil Afrikas stammen. Die weitaus meisten von ihnen sind die Nachfahren der ca. 6,5 Millionen Menschen, die im Zuge des Atlantischen Sklavenhandels zwischen 1619 und 1808 von europäischen Menschenhändlern nach Amerika verschleppt und vor allem in der Karibik und Nordamerika als Sklaven ausgebeutet wurden. Fast 160 Jahre nach der Abschaffung der Sklaverei in den USA hat die afroamerikanische Bevölkerung des Landes weiter mit rassistisch motivierten Benachteiligungen zu kämpfen. (de) الأفارقة الأمريكيون هم مجموعة عرقية من أصول أفريقية (يشار إليهم بالأميركيين السود أو الأفارقة الأميركيين، وفي السابق الأمريكييون الزنوج) تعيش في القارتين الأمريكيتين، ويستخدم المصطلح بشكل خاص للإشارة إلى أولئك الذين هم من أصول أفريقية ويعيشون في أمريكا الشمالية، ويعود أصل معظم هؤلاء إلى سكان أفارقة تم استعبادهم واستجلابهم من أفريقيا إلى الأمريكيتين من قبل تجار العبيد البيض خلال النصف الثاني من السنوات الألف الماضية وذلك للعمل بالسخرة في النشاطات الزراعية والصناعية التي كان البيض يسيرونها في ما سُمّي العالم الجديد، على الرغم من أن بعضهم ينحدرون من مهاجرين، من أفريقيا والبحر الكاريبي وأمريكا الوسطى أو أمريكا الجنوبية.يمتد التاريخ منذ القرن السابع عشر مع ظهور المستعمرات الأمريكية واقتران العبودية بها ويمتد إلى وقتنا الحاضر مع انتخاب الرئيس الأمريكي ال 44 ذو الأصل الأفريقي، وخلال هذه الفترة الممتدة كان هنالك أحداث وقضايا واجهها الأمريكيون الأفارقة: الرق، وإعادة الإعمار والتنمية في المجتمع الأفريقي للولايات المتحدة، والمشاركة في كبرى الصراعات العسكرية للولايات المتحدة، العزل العنصري، وحركة الحقوق المدنية.الأميركيون السود يشكلون أكبر الأقليات العرقية في الولايات المتحدة ويشكلون أكبر مجموعة عرقية في المرتبة الثانية بعد البيض ذوي الأصول الأوروبية في الولايات المتحدة. (ar) Ως Αφροαμερικανοί (αμερικανικά αγγλικά: african-american (μετ. αφρικανοαμερικανός) εννοούνται οι κάτοικοι ή πολίτες των ΗΠΑ οι οποίοι κατάγονται από οποιανδήποτε Μαύρη περιοχή της Αφρικής . Αυτό υποδηλώνει κυρίως περιοχές της Υποσαχάριας Αφρικής (γενικά νοτίως της Σαχάρας). Κατά κύριο λόγο είναι απόγονοι σκλάβων του εμπορίου δουλείας προηγούμενων αιώνων και κατά μικρότερο μέρος απόγονοι μεταναστών. Αποτελούν τη μεγαλύτερη φυλετική ομάδα στις ΗΠΑ μετά τους λευκούς . (el) African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. African Americans constitute the second largest racial group in the U.S. after White Americans, as well as the third largest ethnic group after Hispanic and Latino Americans. Most African Americans are descendants of enslaved people within the boundaries of the present United States. On average, African Americans are of West/Central African with some European descent; some also have Native American and other ancestry. According to U.S. Census Bureau data, African immigrants generally do not self-identify as African American. The overwhelming majority of African immigrants identify instead with their own respective ethnicities (~95%). Immigrants from some Caribbean and Latin American nations and their descendants may or may not also self-identify with the term. African-American history began in the 16th century, with Africans from West Africa being sold to European slave traders and transported across the Atlantic to the Thirteen Colonies. After arriving in the Americas, they were sold as slaves to European colonists and put to work on plantations, particularly in the southern colonies. A few were able to achieve freedom through manumission or escape and founded independent communities before and during the American Revolution. After the United States was founded in 1783, most Black people continued to be enslaved, being most concentrated in the American South, with four million enslaved only liberated during and at the end of the Civil War in 1865. During Reconstruction, they gained citizenship and the right to vote; due to the widespread policy and ideology of White supremacy, they were largely treated as second-class citizens and found themselves soon disenfranchised in the South. These circumstances changed due to participation in the military conflicts of the United States, substantial migration out of the South, the elimination of legal racial segregation, and the civil rights movement which sought political and social freedom. In 2008, Barack Obama became the first African American to be elected President of the United States. African-American culture has a significant influence on worldwide culture, making numerous contributions to visual arts, literature, the English language, philosophy, politics, cuisine, sports and music. The African American contribution to popular music is so profound that virtually all American music, such as jazz, gospel, blues, hip hop, R&B, soul and rock all have their origins at least partially or entirely among African Americans. (en) Afrik-usonanoj (angle African Americans) estas nomo de la afrikdevenaj civitanoj de Usono. Ili devenas plejparte de antaŭaj sklavoj: Ĉirkaŭ 500.000 afrikanoj estis sklavigitaj kaj transportitaj al Nordameriko inter 1619 kaj 1808. La afrikusona loĝantaro ege gravis en certaj momentoj de la Historio de Usono, ekzemple dum la Intercivitana Nordamerika Milito, la Afrikusona Civilrajta Movado aparte de la 1960-aj jaroj, de Martin Luther King ĝis la Black Panthers, kiel soldataro en la Milito de Vjetnamio ktp. Nuntempe en Usono jam la hispandevena estas la unua etna minoritato kaj la afrikusona la dua. (eo) La población afroestadounidense compone el 16 % de la población total de Estados Unidos, siendo esta la segunda minoría más grande luego de la población hispanoamericana. Desde la colonia hasta mediados del siglo XX, los afroestadounidenses se concentraban en el sureste de los Estados Unidos, pero en la actualidad se van expandiendo a otras ciudades y regiones como Chicago, Nueva York, Nueva Jersey, Baltimore, Los Ángeles, Atlanta, Detroit, Nueva Orleans y Boston. (es) Afro-amerikarrak Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako herritarrak dira, Sahara azpiko Afrikako arbasoak dituztenak. Gaur egun, ia 40 milioi pertsona dira. 1790an, ordea, haien kopurua 757.208koa zen. (eu) Les Afro-Américains, Noirs américains ou plus rarement Africains-Américains (en anglais : African Americans, Black Americans et Afro-Americans), sont une catégorie du bureau du recensement des États-Unis désignant le groupe ethnique ayant une culture et une histoire communes, que sont censés former tous les citoyens des États-Unis d'ascendance, y compris partielle, africaine subsaharienne. La grande majorité des Afro-Américains sont des descendants des esclaves déportés en Amérique septentrionale entre 1526 et 1860. Longtemps victimes de l'esclavage, de la ségrégation raciale et de la discrimination, leur déségrégation commence avec la promulgation du Treizième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis du 6 décembre 1865 abolissant l'esclavage, du Quatorzième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis de 1868, accordant la citoyenneté à toute personne née ou naturalisée aux États-Unis et interdisant toute restriction à ce droit, et du Quinzième amendement de la Constitution des États-Unis, de 1870, garantissant le droit de vote à tous les citoyens des États-Unis, amendements dont l'application fut entravée dans les États du Sud par les lois Jim Crow et le terrorisme exercé par le Ku Klux Klan. Grâce, notamment, au mouvement américain des droits civiques auquel s’agrègent diverses organisations comme la National Association for the Advancement of Colored People, la Conférence du leadership chrétien du Sud, la Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, etc., qui atteignent leur point culminant entre les années 1954 et 1968, seront enfin votées différentes lois fédérales comme le Civil Rights Act de 1964, le Voting Rights Act de 1965 et le Civil Rights Act de 1968 mettant fin à la ségrégation raciale sur l'ensemble des états des États-Unis. (fr) Tá 40,695,277 Meiriceánach Afracach (nó Afrai-Mheiriceánach) (12.7% den daonra) ina gcónaí i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá de réir an daonáireamh 2015. (ga) Gypsies and Mexicans deserve more attention than them Etnis Afrika-Amerika, atau Afro-Amerika, adalah sebuah kelompok etnis di Amerika Serikat yang nenek moyangnya banyak berasal dari Afrika di bagian dan Barat. Mayoritas dari rakyat etnis Afrika-Amerika berdarah Afrika, Eropa, dan . Istilah yang digunakan untuk merujuk kepada kelompok etnis ini dalam sejarah termasuk negro, Afro kulit hitam (black), dan istilah lainnya dalam bahasa Inggris seperti colored, Afro-Americans. Kata negro kini lebih jarang digunakan karena dianggap memiliki konotasi rasis; meskipun begitu, kata "nigga" (berasal dari istilah nigger yang juga dianggap rasis) sering kali digunakan sesama orang Afrika-Amerika sebagai slang (bahasa gaul), khususnya dalam budaya hip-hop dan gangster. Afrika-Amerika, kulit hitam kini lebih sering digunakan, meski istilah Afrika-Amerika sering disalahgunakan untuk merujuk kepada warga kulit hitam yang bukan penduduk Amerika Serikat juga. Menurut sensus AS tahun 2003, ada sejumlah 37,1 juta warga kulit hitam di AS, yang berarti 12,9 persen dari total populasi. New York City mempunyai rakyat kulit hitam perkotaan tertinggi pada tahun 2000 dengan jumlah 2 juta jiwa. (in) 아프리카계 미국인(영어: African American) 또는 미국 흑인(영어: Black American)은 미국에서 흑인의 혈통을 가진 사람을 말한다. 이들은 영어로 Afro-American이라고도 불린다. 아프리카계 미국인들 중에는 아프리카인의 혈통 외에 유럽인 등 다른 계통도 섞여 있는 경우도 많으며, 부분적으로 아프리카계 혈통을 가지고 있으나 흑인으로서의 정체성을 가지지 않는 사람도 있다. 미국 건국 이래 미국에서 백인을 제외한 가장 큰 소수 민족이었으나, 히스패닉계에 밀려 현재는 약 13%를 차지하는 3번째 규모의 인종 집단이다. 1790년대 이들은 미국 인구의 19.3%까지 달했지만 이후 서서히 줄어들기 시작했다. 아프리카계 미국인들은 역사적으로 미국 남부에 가장 많이 거주하고 있으나, 흑인 대이동 이후 북부(중서부 포함)와 태평양 지역의 공업 도시들로도 인구가 확산되었다. 상당수가 노예로서 아프리카로부터 강제이주된 사람의 후손으로 이루어져 있으며, 이들은 1860년대 노예제가 완전히 철폐된 이후에도 지속적인 인종 차별의 대상이 되었다. 현재 미국에서의 인종 차별은 많이 줄어들었으나 여전히 경제적으로 고전중이다. 현재 아프리카계 미국인들의 평균 연봉은 백인들의 65%에 불과하다. 정치계에서도 이들의 숫자는 적은데, 2008년 버락 오바마가 아프리카계로는 사상 처음으로 미국에서 가장 높은 자리인 대통령에 당선되어 중대한 변화가 시작되었으나 2009년 당시 기준으로 연방 상원 의원으로 재직한 적이 있는 흑인은 6명에 불과했다. 아프리카계 미국인들의 음악은 이들이 미국 문화에 끼친 가장 큰 영향중에 하나다. 랩, 힙합, R&B, 소울 장르들은 현대에 와서 미국 전체에서 인기를 얻으며 대중음악이 되었다. 록앤롤, 재즈, 블루즈, 펑크 역시 아프리카계 미국인 문화에서 비롯하였다. (ko) Afroamericano è una persona di nazionalità statunitense di origine in parte o del tutto africana. Il termine è la traduzione letterale di Afro-American o African-American, appellativo composto dai termini africano e americano. Nell'accezione statunitense, afroamericano è una persona anglofona e cittadino degli Stati Uniti che abbia ascendenti neri, provenienti dal continente africano, con l'esclusione comune degli africani arabi o magrebini (africani di origine nordafricana provenienti da: Egitto, Libia, Marocco, Mauritania Algeria, Sudan e Tunisia) e degli americani neri non statunitensi (es. brasiliani neri o giamaicani neri). Nel 2017 il 14,1% della popolazione, per un totale di 45 789 188 cittadini, si considera afroamericano. Nel 2019, l'Ufficio del censimento degli Stati Uniti d'America censisce la popolazione afroamericana nel numero di 46,713,850. Per i suddetti motivi gli statunitensi neri ma originari dell'America Latina, gli statunitensi originari dell'Africa settentrionale, e i bianchi e gli indiani originari dell'Africa (ad esempio del Sudafrica o Madagascar) non sono soliti definirsi African-American. Di solito, l'appellativo African-American non si riferisce agli statunitensi neri in generale, bensì solo ai discendenti degli schiavi africani portati negli Stati Uniti che non sanno da dove provengono precisamente nell'Africa o non sanno da quale paese i loro ascendenti provengono in generale, e perciò hanno creato una propria cultura particolare negli Stati Uniti. Per esempio, i recenti immigranti neri o i discendenti di recenti immigranti neri dall'Africa o dai Caraibi non sono necessariamente African-American negli Stati Uniti, a meno che non si identifichino con il termine. Anzi, questi immigranti o i loro discendenti sono meglio classificati secondo gli appellativi che rappresentano i loro propri paesi di origine o le loro appartenenze etniche (es. Ghanaian-American ["ghanese-americano"], Kenyan-American ["keniota-americano"], Jamaican-American ["giamaicano-americano"], Haitian-American ["haitiano-americano"]). (it) アフリカ系アメリカ人（英: African-American）は、アメリカ合衆国民のうち、アフリカ出身の黒人（ネグロイド）もしくはその子孫である。アフリカン・アメリカン、アフロアメリカン （Afro-American）、アメリカ黒人ともいう。 アフリカ系アメリカ人という言葉には黒人（ネグロイド）を意味する語は入っていないが、コーカソイドに属する北アフリカ系アメリカ人（アラブ人やベルベル人の子孫）や、ヨーロッパ系アフリカ人（アフリカーナーやアングロアフリカンなど）の子孫を含まない。 (ja) Afro-Amerikanen, ook wel Afrikaanse Amerikanen of Zwarte Amerikanen genoemd, vormen een etnische groep in de Verenigde Staten. Leden zijn inwoners van de Verenigde Staten met een volledige of gedeeltelijke Afrikaanse afkomst. In 2000 waren er in de Verenigde Staten 34,6 miljoen Afro-Amerikanen; dit is 12,3% van de Amerikaanse bevolking. Zij zijn in overgrote meerderheid afstammelingen van slaven die naar de VS gehaald zijn, maar na de afschaffing van de slavernij in 1865 is er ook immigratie geweest uit het Caraïbische gebied en vanuit Afrika zelf; het resultaat van deze laatstgenoemde immigratiestroom is een bevolkingsgroep van ca. 800 000 personen. (nl) Afroamerykanie (ang. African Americans, również Afro-Americans, Black Americans) – czarnoskórzy Amerykanie pochodzenia subsaharyjskiego. W głównej mierze są potomkami Afrykanów, sprowadzanych od XVII do XIX wieku jako niewolnicza siła robocza, niektórzy wywodzą się z późniejszej imigracji z krajów Afryki oraz Karaibów i Ameryki Łacińskiej (gł. z Jamajki i Haiti). (pl) Афроамерика́нцы (англ. African American, Afro-American) — жители США, имеющие полное или частичное происхождение от африканцев, принадлежавших к негроидной расе. В английском языке историческое обозначение Negro (с исп. — «чёрный»), от которого происходит широко употребляемое русское слово негры, постепенно обрело пейоративное звучание и перестало считаться нейтральным обозначением для расовой принадлежности человека. Наряду с афроамериканцами, общеупотребительным нейтральным обозначением в настоящее время считается слово Black (с англ. — «чёрный»). Как правило, под «афроамериканцами» подразумеваются выходцы из Африки (потомки рабов XVII—XIX вв.), в течение ряда поколений живущие в США. Основные социальные проблемы чернокожих американцев — низкий уровень образования, высокая преступность, семейный кризис и, как следствие, слабая конкурентоспособность на рынке труда США. (ru) En afroamerikan eller afrikan-amerikan (efter engelskans African American) är en invånare i USA (och ibland övriga Amerika) med mörk hy och ursprung från Afrika. Begreppet afroamerikaner betecknar i allmänhet de invånare i USA som är ättlingar till de afrikaner som togs som slavar från Afrika till USA. Det finns idag knappt 37 miljoner afroamerikaner i USA, vilket motsvarar 12,3 procent av landets befolkning. Antalet slavar av afrikansk härkomst uppgick till närmare 4 miljoner när slaveriet i USA avskaffades på 1860-talet. (sv) Afro-americano, afro-estadunidense ou africano-americano, são designações para os cidadãos dos Estados Unidos descendentes de africanos ocidentais e subsaarianos. Estas designações só começaram a ser utilizadas nos anos 80, quando o movimento da consciência negra passou a adotar uma política de união de toda a diáspora africana. Outra designação considerada politicamente correta é a da cor negra (em inglês, black). Já o termo nigger era o termo usado antes dos anos 60, com uma conotação pejorativa. No censo de 2010, quase 40 milhões de americanos declararam ser negros, afro-americanos ou negros hispânicos. (pt) Афроамерика́нці (англ. African Americans) — громадяни чи мешканці США, предками яких були представники чорношкірих народів Африканського континенту. Більшість афроамериканців походять від рабів, завезених у 1619—1865 роки з Африки на територію сучасних Сполучених Штатів. Водночас, значну частину чорношкірих американців складають ті, хто добровільно іммігрував до США з Африки, Карибських островів, Центральної та Південної Америки тощо. Більшість іммігрантів визнають себе не афроамериканцями, а ідентифікують себе за нацією походження. Афроамериканці — найбільша расова меншина США і друга за кількістю расова група (після білих). 2008 року президентом США вперше у історії було обрано афроамериканця Барака Обаму, матір якого була білою американкою, а батько — іммігрантом з Кенії. Через таке походження частина афроамериканців не визнає його афроамериканцем[джерело?]. (uk) 非裔美国人（英語：African Americans / Afro-Americans），又稱美国黑人（英語：Black Americans），是指具有黑人血统的美国国民。 (zh) |
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| dbp:caption | Religious affiliation of African Americans in 2007 (en) |
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| dbp:imageCaption | Proportion of Black Americans in each county of the fifty states, the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico as of the 2020 United States census (en) |
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| dbp:popplace | Across the United States, especially in the South and urban areas (en) |
| dbp:religions | Predominantly Protestant including Historically Black Protestant , Evangelical Protestant , and Mainline Protestant ; (en) |
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| rdfs:comment | Als Afroamerikaner (englisch African Americans) werden die etwa 40 Millionen Bürger der Vereinigten Staaten von Amerika bezeichnet, deren Vorfahren überwiegend aus dem südlich der Sahara gelegenen Teil Afrikas stammen. Die weitaus meisten von ihnen sind die Nachfahren der ca. 6,5 Millionen Menschen, die im Zuge des Atlantischen Sklavenhandels zwischen 1619 und 1808 von europäischen Menschenhändlern nach Amerika verschleppt und vor allem in der Karibik und Nordamerika als Sklaven ausgebeutet wurden. Fast 160 Jahre nach der Abschaffung der Sklaverei in den USA hat die afroamerikanische Bevölkerung des Landes weiter mit rassistisch motivierten Benachteiligungen zu kämpfen. (de) Ως Αφροαμερικανοί (αμερικανικά αγγλικά: african-american (μετ. αφρικανοαμερικανός) εννοούνται οι κάτοικοι ή πολίτες των ΗΠΑ οι οποίοι κατάγονται από οποιανδήποτε Μαύρη περιοχή της Αφρικής . Αυτό υποδηλώνει κυρίως περιοχές της Υποσαχάριας Αφρικής (γενικά νοτίως της Σαχάρας). Κατά κύριο λόγο είναι απόγονοι σκλάβων του εμπορίου δουλείας προηγούμενων αιώνων και κατά μικρότερο μέρος απόγονοι μεταναστών. Αποτελούν τη μεγαλύτερη φυλετική ομάδα στις ΗΠΑ μετά τους λευκούς . (el) La población afroestadounidense compone el 16 % de la población total de Estados Unidos, siendo esta la segunda minoría más grande luego de la población hispanoamericana. Desde la colonia hasta mediados del siglo XX, los afroestadounidenses se concentraban en el sureste de los Estados Unidos, pero en la actualidad se van expandiendo a otras ciudades y regiones como Chicago, Nueva York, Nueva Jersey, Baltimore, Los Ángeles, Atlanta, Detroit, Nueva Orleans y Boston. (es) Afro-amerikarrak Ameriketako Estatu Batuetako herritarrak dira, Sahara azpiko Afrikako arbasoak dituztenak. Gaur egun, ia 40 milioi pertsona dira. 1790an, ordea, haien kopurua 757.208koa zen. (eu) Tá 40,695,277 Meiriceánach Afracach (nó Afrai-Mheiriceánach) (12.7% den daonra) ina gcónaí i Stáit Aontaithe Mheiriceá de réir an daonáireamh 2015. (ga) アフリカ系アメリカ人（英: African-American）は、アメリカ合衆国民のうち、アフリカ出身の黒人（ネグロイド）もしくはその子孫である。アフリカン・アメリカン、アフロアメリカン （Afro-American）、アメリカ黒人ともいう。 アフリカ系アメリカ人という言葉には黒人（ネグロイド）を意味する語は入っていないが、コーカソイドに属する北アフリカ系アメリカ人（アラブ人やベルベル人の子孫）や、ヨーロッパ系アフリカ人（アフリカーナーやアングロアフリカンなど）の子孫を含まない。 (ja) Afroamerykanie (ang. African Americans, również Afro-Americans, Black Americans) – czarnoskórzy Amerykanie pochodzenia subsaharyjskiego. W głównej mierze są potomkami Afrykanów, sprowadzanych od XVII do XIX wieku jako niewolnicza siła robocza, niektórzy wywodzą się z późniejszej imigracji z krajów Afryki oraz Karaibów i Ameryki Łacińskiej (gł. z Jamajki i Haiti). (pl) En afroamerikan eller afrikan-amerikan (efter engelskans African American) är en invånare i USA (och ibland övriga Amerika) med mörk hy och ursprung från Afrika. Begreppet afroamerikaner betecknar i allmänhet de invånare i USA som är ättlingar till de afrikaner som togs som slavar från Afrika till USA. Det finns idag knappt 37 miljoner afroamerikaner i USA, vilket motsvarar 12,3 procent av landets befolkning. Antalet slavar av afrikansk härkomst uppgick till närmare 4 miljoner när slaveriet i USA avskaffades på 1860-talet. (sv) 非裔美国人（英語：African Americans / Afro-Americans），又稱美国黑人（英語：Black Americans），是指具有黑人血统的美国国民。 (zh) الأفارقة الأمريكيون هم مجموعة عرقية من أصول أفريقية (يشار إليهم بالأميركيين السود أو الأفارقة الأميركيين، وفي السابق الأمريكييون الزنوج) تعيش في القارتين الأمريكيتين، ويستخدم المصطلح بشكل خاص للإشارة إلى أولئك الذين هم من أصول أفريقية ويعيشون في أمريكا الشمالية، ويعود أصل معظم هؤلاء إلى سكان أفارقة تم استعبادهم واستجلابهم من أفريقيا إلى الأمريكيتين من قبل تجار العبيد البيض خلال النصف الثاني من السنوات الألف الماضية وذلك للعمل بالسخرة في النشاطات الزراعية والصناعية التي كان البيض يسيرونها في ما سُمّي العالم الجديد، على الرغم من أن بعضهم ينحدرون من مهاجرين، من أفريقيا والبحر الكاريبي وأمريكا الوسطى أو أمريكا الجنوبية.يمتد التاريخ منذ القرن السابع عشر مع ظهور المستعمرات الأمريكية واقتران العبودية بها ويمتد إلى وقتنا الحاضر مع انتخاب الرئيس الأمريكي ال 44 ذو الأصل الأفريقي، وخلال هذه الفترة (ar) Els afroamericans estatunidencs, afrodescendents estatunidencs o negres estatunidencs són els estatunidencs negres o amb algun avantpassat negre africà, especialment si és físicament evident. N'hi ha casos excepcionals, com el líder de la NAACP, , que tenia 5 rerebesavis negres i 27 de blancs, i era blanc, ros i d'ulls clars, però s'autoconsiderava afroamericà. (ca) Afroameričané (anglicky African Americans nebo Black Americans) jsou etnikem Američanů, kteří mají celkový nebo částečný původ v černošských obyvatelích Afriky, a to zejména Subsaharské Afriky. Pojem obvykle označuje potomky zotročených obyvatel Afriky, následně převezených a žijících ve Spojených státech amerických. (cs) African Americans (also referred to as Black Americans and Afro-Americans) are an ethnic group consisting of Americans with partial or total ancestry from sub-Saharan Africa. The term "African American" generally denotes descendants of enslaved Africans who are from the United States. While some Black immigrants or their children may also come to identify as African-American, the majority of first generation immigrants do not, preferring to identify with their nation of origin. (en) Afrik-usonanoj (angle African Americans) estas nomo de la afrikdevenaj civitanoj de Usono. Ili devenas plejparte de antaŭaj sklavoj: Ĉirkaŭ 500.000 afrikanoj estis sklavigitaj kaj transportitaj al Nordameriko inter 1619 kaj 1808. (eo) Les Afro-Américains, Noirs américains ou plus rarement Africains-Américains (en anglais : African Americans, Black Americans et Afro-Americans), sont une catégorie du bureau du recensement des États-Unis désignant le groupe ethnique ayant une culture et une histoire communes, que sont censés former tous les citoyens des États-Unis d'ascendance, y compris partielle, africaine subsaharienne. La grande majorité des Afro-Américains sont des descendants des esclaves déportés en Amérique septentrionale entre 1526 et 1860. (fr) Gypsies and Mexicans deserve more attention than them Etnis Afrika-Amerika, atau Afro-Amerika, adalah sebuah kelompok etnis di Amerika Serikat yang nenek moyangnya banyak berasal dari Afrika di bagian dan Barat. Mayoritas dari rakyat etnis Afrika-Amerika berdarah Afrika, Eropa, dan . Menurut sensus AS tahun 2003, ada sejumlah 37,1 juta warga kulit hitam di AS, yang berarti 12,9 persen dari total populasi. New York City mempunyai rakyat kulit hitam perkotaan tertinggi pada tahun 2000 dengan jumlah 2 juta jiwa. (in) Afroamericano è una persona di nazionalità statunitense di origine in parte o del tutto africana. Il termine è la traduzione letterale di Afro-American o African-American, appellativo composto dai termini africano e americano. (it) 아프리카계 미국인(영어: African American) 또는 미국 흑인(영어: Black American)은 미국에서 흑인의 혈통을 가진 사람을 말한다. 이들은 영어로 Afro-American이라고도 불린다. 아프리카계 미국인들 중에는 아프리카인의 혈통 외에 유럽인 등 다른 계통도 섞여 있는 경우도 많으며, 부분적으로 아프리카계 혈통을 가지고 있으나 흑인으로서의 정체성을 가지지 않는 사람도 있다. 미국 건국 이래 미국에서 백인을 제외한 가장 큰 소수 민족이었으나, 히스패닉계에 밀려 현재는 약 13%를 차지하는 3번째 규모의 인종 집단이다. 1790년대 이들은 미국 인구의 19.3%까지 달했지만 이후 서서히 줄어들기 시작했다. 아프리카계 미국인들은 역사적으로 미국 남부에 가장 많이 거주하고 있으나, 흑인 대이동 이후 북부(중서부 포함)와 태평양 지역의 공업 도시들로도 인구가 확산되었다. 아프리카계 미국인들의 음악은 이들이 미국 문화에 끼친 가장 큰 영향중에 하나다. 랩, 힙합, R&B, 소울 장르들은 현대에 와서 미국 전체에서 인기를 얻으며 대중음악이 되었다. 록앤롤, 재즈, 블루즈, 펑크 역시 아프리카계 미국인 문화에서 비롯하였다. (ko) Afro-americano, afro-estadunidense ou africano-americano, são designações para os cidadãos dos Estados Unidos descendentes de africanos ocidentais e subsaarianos. Estas designações só começaram a ser utilizadas nos anos 80, quando o movimento da consciência negra passou a adotar uma política de união de toda a diáspora africana. Outra designação considerada politicamente correta é a da cor negra (em inglês, black). Já o termo nigger era o termo usado antes dos anos 60, com uma conotação pejorativa. (pt) Afro-Amerikanen, ook wel Afrikaanse Amerikanen of Zwarte Amerikanen genoemd, vormen een etnische groep in de Verenigde Staten. Leden zijn inwoners van de Verenigde Staten met een volledige of gedeeltelijke Afrikaanse afkomst. (nl) Афроамерика́нцы (англ. African American, Afro-American) — жители США, имеющие полное или частичное происхождение от африканцев, принадлежавших к негроидной расе. В английском языке историческое обозначение Negro (с исп. — «чёрный»), от которого происходит широко употребляемое русское слово негры, постепенно обрело пейоративное звучание и перестало считаться нейтральным обозначением для расовой принадлежности человека. Наряду с афроамериканцами, общеупотребительным нейтральным обозначением в настоящее время считается слово Black (с англ. — «чёрный»). (ru) Афроамерика́нці (англ. African Americans) — громадяни чи мешканці США, предками яких були представники чорношкірих народів Африканського континенту. Більшість афроамериканців походять від рабів, завезених у 1619—1865 роки з Африки на територію сучасних Сполучених Штатів. Водночас, значну частину чорношкірих американців складають ті, хто добровільно іммігрував до США з Африки, Карибських островів, Центральної та Південної Америки тощо. Більшість іммігрантів визнають себе не афроамериканцями, а ідентифікують себе за нацією походження. (uk) |
| rdfs:label | African Americans (en) أمريكيون أفارقة (ar) Negres estatunidencs (ca) Afroameričané (cs) Afroamerikaner (de) Αφροαμερικανοί (el) Afrik-usonanoj (eo) Afroestadounidense (es) Afro-amerikar (eu) Meiriceánaigh Afracacha (ga) Afrika-Amerika (in) Afro-Américains (fr) Afroamericano (it) アフリカ系アメリカ人 (ja) 아프리카계 미국인 (ko) Afro-Amerikanen (nl) Afroamerykanie (pl) Afro-americanos (pt) Афроамериканцы (ru) Afroamerikaner (sv) 非裔美国人 (zh) Афроамериканці (uk) |
| rdfs:seeAlso | dbr:Poverty dbr:Crime dbr:Genetic_history_of_the_African_diaspora dbr:Miscegenation dbr:The_United_States dbr:African_diaspora dbr:Race dbr:The_Americas dbr:Atlantic_slave_trade dbr:African-American_LGBT_community dbr:Black_American_Sign_Language dbr:Impact_of_the_COVID-19_pandemic_on_black_people dbr:Income_inequality dbr:Media dbr:Representation_of_African_Americans |
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dbr:List_of_ethnic_groups_in_the_United_States_by_household_income dbr:List_of_ethnic_groups_in_the_United_States_by_per_capita_income dbr:List_of_ethnic_religions dbr:List_of_ethnic_slurs dbr:List_of_ethnic_slurs_and_epithets_by_ethnicity dbr:List_of_expulsions_of_African_Americans dbr:List_of_female_United_States_Cabinet_members dbr:List_of_female_governors_in_the_United_States dbr:List_of_fictional_countries dbr:List_of_films_featuring_colonialism dbr:List_of_films_featuring_slavery dbr:List_of_first_minority_male_lawyers_and_judges_in_Nevada dbr:List_of_former_Muslims dbr:Majority_minority dbr:Melting_pot dbr:Memphis_riots_of_1866 dbr:Metro_2033_(novel) dbr:Midnight_basketball dbr:Milbank_Quarterly dbr:Miles_Morales dbr:Milton_Wright_(academic) dbr:Minority_business_enterprise dbr:Minority_group dbr:Mitchell_County,_North_Carolina dbr:Montrose_(horse) dbr:Mount_Zion_Cemetery_(Kingston,_New_York) dbr:Muscle_Shoals_Rhythm_Section dbr:Museum_of_Aviation_(Warner_Robins) dbr:Myopia dbr:National_Bar_Association dbr:National_Democratic_Redistricting_Committee dbr:National_Liberation_Council dbr:National_Medical_Fellowships dbr:Negro_league_baseball dbr:Northwest_Territorial_Imperative dbr:MPG:_Motion_Picture_Genocide dbr:Mabel_Watson_Raimey dbr:Harry_Truman_Pratt_Sr. dbr:Melanism dbr:Memín_Pinguín dbr:Mental_health_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic dbr:Merico_language dbr:Message_to_the_Grass_Roots dbr:Monroe_Morton dbr:Moral_Mondays dbr:Pacific_Movement_of_the_Eastern_World dbr:Olympic_Project_for_Human_Rights dbr:One-storied_America |
| is dbp:citizenship of | dbr:Murder_of_Alianna_DeFreeze |
| is dbp:culturalOrigins of | dbr:Spirituals |
| is dbp:dedicatedTo of | dbr:African-American_Monument |
| is dbp:demographics1Title of | dbr:Bayswater,_Queens |
| is dbp:emphasis of | dbr:Delta_Sigma_Theta dbr:Sigma_Gamma_Rho dbr:Sigma_Pi_Phi dbr:Zeta_Phi_Beta dbr:Alpha_Kappa_Alpha dbr:Alpha_Phi_Alpha dbr:Iota_Phi_Theta dbr:Kappa_Alpha_Psi dbr:Phi_Beta_Sigma dbr:Omega_Psi_Phi |
| is dbp:ethnicMakeup of | dbr:Supreme_Team_(gang) dbr:Sex_Money_Murda |
| is dbp:ethnicity of | dbr:Black_Guerrilla_Family dbr:African-American_Vernacular_English dbr:Almighty_Vice_Lord_Nation dbr:Nine_Trey_Gangsters dbr:African-American_English dbr:Pirus |
| is dbp:format of | dbr:WGKB |
| is dbp:formerAffiliations of | dbr:KWHY-TV |
| is dbp:label of | dbr:Linda_Abril_Educational_Academy dbr:British_Americans |
| is dbp:members of | dbr:Hoodoo_(spirituality) |
| is dbp:nationality of | dbr:Brent_Petway |
| is dbp:opponents of | dbr:Red_Shirts_(United_States) |
| is dbp:related of | dbr:Black_Nova_Scotians dbr:Northern_Narragansett_Tribe dbr:Tabom_people dbr:Nigerian_Americans dbr:Congolese_Americans dbr:Trinidadian_and_Tobagonian_Americans dbr:Zimbabwean_Americans dbr:Afro-Trinidadians_and_Tobagonians dbr:Barbadian_Americans dbr:African_Americans_in_Ghana dbr:African_Americans_in_Israel dbr:Surinamese_Americans dbr:Cameroonian_Americans dbr:Ghanaian_Americans dbr:Sierra_Leonean_Americans |
| is dbp:relatedC of | dbr:Malian_Americans dbr:Angolan_Americans dbr:Ivorian_Americans |
| is dbp:relatedGroups of | dbr:Black_Southerners dbr:African_Americans_in_Louisiana dbr:African_Americans_in_Maryland dbr:African_Americans_in_North_Carolina dbr:African_Americans_in_Oregon dbr:Blaxican dbr:Freedmen_(ethnic_group) |
| is dbp:target of | dbr:Red_Summer dbr:Eugenics_in_California |
| is rdfs:seeAlso of | dbr:Demographics_of_Alabama dbr:Demographics_of_Georgia_(U.S._state) dbr:Demographics_of_Tennessee dbr:Paul_Robeson_Jr. dbr:Members_of_the_111th_United_States_Congress dbr:George_Washington_and_slavery dbr:Military_history_of_African_Americans dbr:Demographics_of_the_110th_United_States_Congress dbr:Economy_of_South_Carolina dbr:North_Carolina dbr:List_of_Patriots_(American_Revolution) dbr:Tennessee dbr:Black_mecca dbr:Politics_of_the_United_States dbr:Race_and_ethnicity_in_the_United_States dbr:Ethnic_groups_in_Baltimore |
| is foaf:primaryTopic of | wikipedia-en:African_Americans |
